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Cerianite-(Ce)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Cerianite-(Ce) (16)

Cerianite-(Ce) Gallery Search Photos of Cerianite-(Ce)

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Cerianite-(Ce)

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Cerianite-(Ce), etc.

Andakatany Deposit, Andakatany, Manandriana District, Amoron'i Mania, Madagascar

Cerianite-(Ce), etc.

Água de Alto, Vila Franca do Campo, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal

Cerianite-(Ce)

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Cerianite-(Ce), etc.

Andakatany Deposit, Andakatany, Manandriana District, Amoron'i Mania, Madagascar

Cerianite-(Ce), etc.

Água de Alto, Vila Franca do Campo, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal

Cerianite-(Ce)

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Cerianite-(Ce), etc.

Andakatany Deposit, Andakatany, Manandriana District, Amoron'i Mania, Madagascar

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About Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

Formula:

(Ce⁴⁺,Th)O₂

Colour:

Dark green-amber

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Uraninite Group

Name:

Named simply cerianite in 1955 by A. R. Graham for the mineral's cerium content, by analogy with thorianite and uraninite. The suffix/modifier was added in 1987 to conform to the Levinson rule for species with essential REE.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Dominion Gulf Company claims, Lackner Township, Unorganized North Sudbury District, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada

The Ce analogue of uraninite and thorianite. The most simple Ce mineral known. Cerianite generally forms as an oxidation product of Ce³⁺-bearing minerals. Formation under hydrothermal oxidative conditions is rare.

One of three currently recognized minerals with tetravalent cerium, beside dyrnaesite-(La) and stetindite.

May be non-stoichiometric and bear some Ce(III) and vacancies.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

929

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:929:2

GUID
(UUID V4):

122ce698-1c76-486b-ac63-2d90b0cf6da5

IMA Classification of Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA status notes:

Renamed by the IMA

IMA Formula:

CeO₂

First published:

1955

Classification of Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

4.DL.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
L : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures

Dana 8th ed.:

4.4.12.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX₂

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.7.2

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
7 : Oxides of Group III metals other than Al

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Cei-Ce	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Dark green-amber

Chemistry of Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

Mindat Formula:

(Ce⁴⁺,Th)O₂

Elements listed:

Ce, O, Th - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.42(1) Å

Unit Cell V:

159.22 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Octahedrons, tiny grains.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0011686	Cerianite-(Ce)	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Fluorite structure Crystal Structures 1 239-444		1963		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Cerianite-(Ce)'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Wyckoff R W G'
_journal_name_full 'Crystal Structures'
_journal_volume 1 
_journal_year 1963
_journal_page_first 239
_journal_page_last 444
_publ_section_title
;
 Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York
 Fluorite structure
;
_database_code_amcsd 0011686
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ce O2'
_cell_length_a 5.4110
_cell_length_b 5.4110
_cell_length_c 5.4110
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 158.428
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      7.216
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Ce   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
O   0.25000   0.25000   0.25000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.124 Å	(100)
2.706 Å	(29)
1.913 Å	(51)
1.632 Å	(44)
1.241 Å	(15)
1.1044 Å	(12)
0.9146 Å	(13)

Comments:

Similar to that of sphalerite.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Dominion Gulf Company claims, Lackner Township, Unorganized North Sudbury District, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada

General Appearance of Type Material:

Octahedrons

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, numbers M34491, M37257 (cotype).

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Carbonatite/nepheline syenite.

Synonyms of Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

Cerianite

Other Language Names for Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

German:Cerianit
Cerianit-(Ce)

Russian:Церианит-(Ce)

Simplified Chinese:方铈石

Spanish:Cerianita

Relationship of Cerianite-(Ce) to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Uraninite Group

Other Members of this group:

Thorianite	ThO₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
Uraninite	UO₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

5 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Ce(CO₃)F
4 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Hollandite	Ba(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆
3 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Limonite
3 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
3 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Lanthanite-(Nd)	(Nd,La)₂(CO₃)₃ · 8H₂O
2 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Rhabdophane-(La)	La(PO₄) · H₂O
2 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
2 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Monazite-(La)	La(PO₄)
1 photo of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
1 photo of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Bastnäsite-(La)	La(CO₃)F

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.DL.05	Thorianite	ThO₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
4.DL.05	Uraninite	UO₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
4.DL.05	Zirkelite	(Ti,Ca,Zr)O_2-x	Iso.
4.DL.05	Aeschynite Group	AD₂O₆
4.DL.10	Calzirtite	Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
4.DL.10	Tazheranite	(Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.DL.10	Hiärneite	Ca₂Zr₄Mn³⁺SbTiO₁₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
4.DL.15	Vorlanite	Ca(U⁶⁺)O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Radioactive.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-929.html
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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

Reference List:

Zhukova, I.A., Stepanov, A.S., Malyutina, A., Doroshkevich, A.G., Korsakov, A.V., Jiang, S.-Y., Bakovets, V.V., Pomelova, T.A., Nigmatulina, E.N. (2023): Raman spectroscopic study of non-stoichiometry in cerianite from critical zone. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 54, 1191-1200.

forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=19119

Graham, A. R. (1955) Cerianite, CeO2: a new rare-earth oxide mineral. American Mineralogist, 40 (7-8) 560-564

Keramidas, Vassilis G., White, William B. (1973) Raman spectra of oxides with the fluorite structure. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 59 (3) 1561-1562 doi:10.1063/1.1680227

Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042

Weber, W. H., Hass, K. C., McBride, J. R. (1993) Raman study of CeO2: Second-order scattering, lattice dynamics, and particle-size effects. Physical Review B, 48 (1) American Physical Society (APS) 178-185 doi:10.1103/physrevb.48.178

Zaitsev, A. N., Chakhmouradian, A. R., Siidra, O. I., Spratt, J., Williams, C. T., Stanley, C. J., Petrov, S. V., Britvin, S. N., Polyakova, E. A. (2011) Fluorine-, yttrium- and lanthanide-rich cerianite-(Ce) from carbonatitic rocks of the Kerimasi volcano and surrounding explosion craters, Gregory Rift, northern Tanzania. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (6) 2813-2822 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.6.2813

Chakrabarty, A., Mitchell, R. H., Ren, M., Sen, A. K., Pruseth, K. L. (2013) Rinkite, cerianite-(Ce), and hingganite-(Ce) in syenite gneisses from the Sushina Hill Complex, India: occurrence, compositional data and petrogenetic significance. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (8) 3137-3153 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.8.08

(2023) Cerianite-(Ce) Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for Cerianite-(Ce)Hide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Angola
Huambo Province Bailundo ⓘ Bailundo	Beleque (2010)

Argentina
Catamarca Province Sierra de Ancasti El Portezuelo ⓘ El Portezuelo Granite	COLOMBO +2 other references
San Luis Province San Martín Department Las Chacras Rodeo de los Molles mining district ⓘ La Juli mine	Lira et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini)

Australia
New South Wales Gough Co. ⓘ Kingsgate	Bernie & Margaret Day collection
ⓘ Old 25 Pipe (Pipe No. 14) ?	Ex Bernie and Margaret Day Collection
Northern Territory Coomalie Shire Batchelor Rum Jungle ⓘ Brown's Prospect	Vera Munro-Smith (2006)
Queensland City of Mount Isa ⓘ Mica Creek	Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data of ...
South Australia Flinders Ranges North Flinders Ranges Mt Babbage area (Inlier) ⓘ Yerila gneissic complex	PA Wulser personal data
Western Australia Laverton Shire Mount Weld Station ⓘ Mount Weld Mine	Dunkan +5 other references
Yalgoo Shire Golden Grove Mine ⓘ Scuddles deposit	Le Gleuher M. (2008)

Austria
Lower Austria Krems-Land District Spitz Miesling valley ⓘ Blocherleitengraben	Kolitsch (2017)
Melk District Weiten Am Schuß ⓘ Am Schuß quarry	Kolitsch (2023)
Sankt Pölten-Land District Obritzberg-Rust ⓘ Steinhof quarry	Kolitsch et al. (2023)
Salzburg Hallein District Adnet Limestone quarries ⓘ Lienbach quarry (Quarry No. 22b)	Kolitsch et al. (2013)
Tamsweg District Tweng ⓘ Fuchs Alp - Fuchs lake area	abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. ... +1 other reference
Tyrol Innsbruck-Land District Trins ⓘ Kirchdachspitze	Kolitsch et al. (2021)
Lienz District Prägraten am Großvenediger Dorferbach valley ⓘ Dorf Alp	Kolitsch (2017)
Vorarlberg Bludenz District Vandans ⓘ Rells valley ?	Kolitsch (2014)

Bolivia
Santa Cruz Velasco Province ⓘ Cerro Manomo	Salomon Rivas and Federico Ahlfeld: Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes (Santa Cruz, 1998) +1 other reference

Brazil
Minas Gerais Araxá Barreiro ⓘ Araxá complex	Neumann et al. (2015)
ⓘ Araxá mine	Nascimento et al. (2019)
Poços de Caldas ⓘ Morro do Ferro	Baretto & Fujimori (1986)
Pará Parauapebas Alemão Cu deposit ⓘ Igarapé Bahia mine	Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 ...

Burundi
Bujumbura Rural Province ⓘ Gakara Project	Thoreau et al. (1958) +7 other references

Canada
Manitoba ⓘ Flin Flon District	Pan et al. (2000)
Northwest Territories Blachford Lake alkaline complex ⓘ Thor Lake syenite complex	SHEARD et al. (2012)
North Slave Region Blachford Lake alkaline complex Thor Lake syenite complex ⓘ Nechalacho deposit	D. Robert Pinckston (1995) +1 other reference
Nova Scotia Cumberland Co. ⓘ Wentworth plutonic complex	Pe-Piper +1 other reference
Ontario Cochrane District South of Ridge Lake Area ⓘ Martison carbonatite complex	SAGE (1981)
Haliburton County Highlands East Township Cardiff Township ⓘ Cardiff Uranium Mine	Reiner Mielke 2011
Sudbury District Unorganized North Sudbury District Lackner Township ⓘ Dominion Gulf Company claims (TL)	Graham (1955)

Chile
Atacama Chañaral Province Diego de Almagro ⓘ Jardinera No. 1 Mine	analysed by Gerhard Möhn and Joy Desor

China
Guangxi Liuzhou Rong'an Co. Huashan Sn ore field ⓘ Huashan REE deposit	Orris et al. (2002)
Guizhou Bijie Zhijin County ⓘ Xinhua P-REE deposit	Huixin Jin et al. (2007)
Hebei Zhangjiakou Huailai County ⓘ Huashan pegmatite	Zhang Peishan et al. (1996)
Inner Mongolia Baotou City (Baotou Prefecture) Bayan Obo mining district Bayan Obo Bayan Obo deposit ⓘ West Mine	Zhang Peishan et al. (1996)
Sichuan Liangshan Yi Dechang County ⓘ Dalucao REE deposit	Yang et al. (2006)
Mianning County ⓘ Maoniuping Mine	Zhang Peishan et al. (1996) +1 other reference

Czech Republic
Moravian-Silesian Region Bruntál District Tvrdkov ⓘ Ruda-hájenka ?	Dolníček et al. (2023)
Frýdek-Místek District Krmelín ⓘ Krmelín elevation	Matýsek D. (2013)

Egypt
New Valley Governorate ⓘ Nusab El Balgum	Mahmoud et al. (2018)

Finland
South Ostrobothnia Alavus ⓘ Töysä	Ilkka Mikkola collection
Southwest Finland Pargas Iniö ⓘ Fjälskär (Fjalskar)	Lahti et al. (1988)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	70. +1 other reference
Lower Saxony Göttingen District Harz (Landkreis Göttingen) ⓘ Wolkenhügel Mine	62. +1 other reference
Rhineland-Palatinate Mayen-Koblenz Mendig Mendig Wingertsberg ⓘ Scoria quarry	Blass
Pellenz Nickenich ⓘ Nickenicher Sattel	Blass
Vordereifel Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry	[Hentschel et al. (5)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Lavrion mining district Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) Mercati mines ⓘ Christiana Mine No. 132	Rieck et al. (2022)

Hungary
Tolna County Mórágy ⓘ Granite Quarry	Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec.

India
Rajasthan Jodhpur Division Barmer District ⓘ Kamthai deposit	Bhushan (2015) +1 other reference
Tamil Nadu Salem District Sankari Taluka ⓘ Pakkanadu	Rao et al. (1978)
West Bengal Purulia District ⓘ Nawahatu	Baidya et al. (2) +1 other reference
ⓘ Sushina Hill	Chakrabarty et al. (2013)

Italy
Aosta Valley Saint-Marcel ⓘ Praborna Mine	Frank K. Mazdab collection (see https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-151-to-fkm-175/#FKM-171 for normalized analysis) +1 other reference
Lombardy Varese Province ⓘ Cuasso al Monte ?	Biffi P. et al. (Varese)
Cavagnano ⓘ Laghetto Quarry ?	Biffi et al. (2004)
ⓘ Puricelli Quarry	Gentile et al. (2023)
Piedmont Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Baceno Devero Alp ⓘ Monte Cervandone area	Guastoni (2009)
Varzo Veglia Alp (Alpe Veglia) ⓘ Al Piudel (inferior part; REE-mineralisation)	Cuchet et al. (2023) +1 other reference
Villadossola ⓘ Pianasca Quarry	Rivista Mineralogica Italiana

Jordan
Amman Governorate Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex Hashem region Lisdan-Siwaga Fault Siwaga ⓘ Tulul al Hammam	Khoury et al. (2016)
ⓘ Unnamed marble quarries	Sokol +9 other references

Kazakhstan
Aktobe Region Kargaly District ⓘ Kempirsai Cr deposit	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Kamennyi Kobchik occurrence	Am.Min.79 (1994)

Madagascar
Amoron'i Mania Manandriana District Andakatany ⓘ Andakatany Deposit	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Diana Ambanja Antsirabe Befitina ⓘ Rare Earths Prospect	Hatzl (2010)

Malawi
Southern Region Zomba ⓘ Mount Malosa	American Mineralogist +1 other reference

Mexico
Durango Gómez Palacio Municipality Sierra de Bermejillo ⓘ Cañon Colorado	Mineralogical Society of America - ...

Mongolia
Dornogovi Province Khatanbulag District ⓘ Lugeengol REE deposit	Kynický et al. (2005)
Khovd Province Myangad District ⓘ Khaldzan Buragtag massif	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Mozambique
Nampula Province Monapo District ⓘ Evate carbonatite	Slobodník +4 other references

Namibia
Otjozondjupa Region Otjiwarongo Constituency Kalkfeld ⓘ Ondurakurume Complex	Orris et al. (2002)

New Zealand
Tasman Region Parapara ⓘ Laverton Creek	Railton et al. (1990)

Nigeria
Nasarawa Nasarawa ⓘ Odegi	Styles et al. (1983)

Norway
Agder Iveland Birkeland ⓘ Birkeland 02 Feldspar Quarry	Collection of Iveland Municipality # ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Birkeland 04 Feldspar Quarry ?	Frigstad (1999)
ⓘ Hiltveit	Frigstad (1999)
Kåbuland ⓘ Kåbuland 03 Feldspar Quarry	Neumann et al. (1963)
Nordland Hamarøy Drag ⓘ Treldebakkgruva	Husdal (2023)
Narvik ⓘ Hundholmen	Raade (1972) +3 other references
Telemark Drangedal Tørdal ⓘ Høydalen	Bergstøl et al. (1977)
Tokke Tjostolvflaten ⓘ Tjostolvflaten roadcut	Larsen et al. (2020)
Viken Lunner ⓘ Gjerdingselva ?	Neumann (1985)

Pacific Ocean
Sea of Japan ⓘ Belyaevsky Rise	Volokhina et al. (2020) +2 other references

Paraguay
Amambay Department ⓘ Cerro Chiriguelo (Cerro Corá)	Woolley (1987)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Jelenia Góra ⓘ Kopki Hill	Cegiełka et al. (2018)
Karkonosze County Gmina Mysłakowice Karpniki ⓘ Karpniki #4 pegmatite	Matyszczak (2018)
Gmina Podgórzyn Sosnówka ⓘ Sosnówka #1 pegmatite	Matyszczak (2018)
ⓘ Sosnówka #2 pegmatite	Matyszczak (2018)
Silesian Voivodeship Myszków County Gmina Żarki ⓘ Myszków Cu-Mo deposit	Naglik et al. (2021)

Portugal
Azores São Miguel Vila Franca do Campo ⓘ Água de Alto	Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...

Russia
Buryatia Mama River Basin Maigunda River ⓘ Burpala alkaline massif	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013)
Chelyabinsk Oblast Kyshtym ⓘ Mochalin Log	Kasatkin et al. (2020)
Kirov Oblast ⓘ Ukhtymskoe deposit	Kosantin's data
Krasnoyarsk Krai Boguchansky District Chadobets alkaline complex ⓘ Chuktukon carbonatite massif	USGS Professional Paper 1765
Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge) ⓘ Olimpiada Mine	Silyanov et al. (2021)
Magadan Oblast Omsukchansky District Ducat ore field ⓘ Ducat Mine (Dukat Mine)	Filimonova et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Lovozero Massif	...
Primorsky Krai Mikhaylovsky District ⓘ Pavlovskoe REE-coal deposit	V.V. Seredin data
Sakha Polar Yakutia ⓘ Tomtor Massif	Okrugin et al. (2023)
Zabaykalsky Krai Kalarsky District ⓘ Katugin Ta-Nb deposit	Sharygin et al. (2014)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Rimavská Sobota District Tisovec ⓘ Rejkovo	Ondrejka M. et al. (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

South Africa
Gauteng City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality ⓘ Vergenoeg Mine	Atanasova et al. (2016)
Northern Cape ZF Mgcawu District Municipality Kai !Garib Local Municipality Kakamas ⓘ Baviaanskrantz pegmatite	Cairncross et al. (1995)

South Korea
North Chungcheong Province Chungju City Joongwon-gun Mt. Eorae ⓘ Chungju deposit	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Spain
Canary Islands Las Palmas Province ⓘ Fuerteventura	Ковальчук et al. (2014)
Catalonia Tarragona Baix Camp Alforja ⓘ Alforja Mine	Abella i Creus (2018)

Sweden
Norrbotten County Jokkmokk ⓘ Ultevis	Aksel Österlöf collection and NR ...
ⓘ Sörhårås	Xray Uppsala Univ.
Västmanland County Skinnskatteberg Riddarhyttan ⓘ Bastnäs Mines	Öhman et al. (2005) +2 other references

Switzerland
Valais Goms Binn Flesch lake ⓘ Flesch lake (REE-mineralisation)	Cuchet et al. (2023)
Saint-Maurice Finhaut ⓘ Balayer	Meisser (2012)

Tanzania
Arusha Region Monduli District ⓘ Kerimasi volcano	Zaitsev et al. (2011)

Turkey
Isparta Province ⓘ Aksu Diamas project	Deady et al. (2019)

Ukraine
Luhansk Oblast Nagolnyi Kryazh (Nagolnyi Range) ⓘ Bobrikovo Au-Ag deposit	Dudar +1 other reference

USA
Alaska Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area Ketchikan Mining District Prince of Wales Island Bokan Mountain ⓘ Carol Ann; Carol Ann No. 1; Carol Ann No. 2; Carol Ann No 3; Dotson Prospects	Philpotts et al. (1998)
California San Bernardino County Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range) Mountain Pass District Mountain Pass Mountain Pass Mine ⓘ Birthday Mine	Färber (n.d.)
Ord Mining District Ord Mountains Ord Mountain Ord Mountain Mine (Ord Mountain Mine System; Ord Mine; Ord Mountain deposits; Osborn; Rio Vista claim; Brilliant claim; Josephine claim; Belgium claim; Copper Junction claim) ⓘ Brilliant claim (Brilliant Mine; Brilliant ledge)	Margerum (2003)
Colorado El Paso County Cheyenne Mining District (St. Peters Dome Mining District) ⓘ St Peters Dome	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data
Stove Mountain (Cookstove Mountain) ⓘ Mount Rosa pegmatite	Müller et al. (2011)
Teller County ⓘ Black Cloud Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
New Hampshire Grafton County Bethlehem ⓘ North Sugarloaf Mountain locality	Rocks & Minerals Vol.65 No.4 +1 other reference
New Mexico Catron County ⓘ Taylor Creek Mining District	Anthony et al. (2016)
Sierra County Paramount Canyon ⓘ Beryllium Virgin claim	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Taylor Creek Tin Mining District (Black Range Tin District)	...
Texas Hudspeth County Sierra Blanca Peaks ⓘ Round Top prospects	O'Neill (2014) +2 other references
Utah Juab County Thomas Range Starvation Canyon ⓘ Holfertite pit	Belakovskiy et al. (2006)
Virginia Amherst County ⓘ Bunker Hill pegmatite	Dietrich (1990)
Roseland ⓘ Burley Prospect (Lucian Burley Prospect; Marion Burley Prospect)	Rocks & Min.:60:165.
Nelson County ⓘ Alhambra	Dietrich (1990)
Wisconsin Marathon County Wausau Intrusive Complex Stettin pluton ⓘ Stettin pegmatite	Buchholz et al. (2017)
Wyoming Crook County ⓘ Bear Lodge alkaline igneous complex	Van Rythoven et al. (2020)
ⓘ Bull Hill nepheline-syenite deposit	Van Rythoven et al. (2020) +1 other reference
ⓘ Whitetail Ridge	Van Rythoven et al. (2020)
ⓘ Bear Lodge Mining District	Andersen et al. (2017)
ⓘ Bull Hill Prospect (Black Rock Manganese Property)	in International Workshop on the ... +1 other reference

Vietnam
Hà Giang Province ⓘ Na Son deposit	Ishihara et al. (2010)

Cerianite-(Ce)

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