Biotite
A group of related mineral species
This page kindly sponsored by John Weidner
About Biotite
Formula:
K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
A slash in the formula indicates different elements can occur in this position but without assumption on priority.
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1847 by Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann in honour of the French physicist, mathematician, meteoriticist, astronomer, and mineralogist, Jean-Baptiste Biot [April 21, 1774, Paris, France - February 3, 1862, Paris, France], who studied the optical properties of the micas. Biot and his associate, Félix Savart, discovered that an electric current in a wire produced a magnetic field. Biot received many awards in his lifetime in recognition of the value of his scientific researches.
A K-rich subgroup of the trioctahedral mica group of the Mica Group.
The CNMMN Subcommittee on Nomenclature of the Micas (1998, 1999) has recommended that the name biotite be used for any minerals in the “series” between the joins Annite-Phlogopite and Siderophyllite-Eastonite, and is therefore no longer to be regarded as a species name, more strictly a subgroup. Other closely related species such as Fluorophlogopite and Fluorotetraferriphlogopite are usually included in the subgroup.
The name is most commonly used generically (in the field or petrologically) for any unanalysed or incompletely analysed dark-coloured, Fe-rich micas, including Annite, Fluorannite, Tetra-ferri-annite and Siderophyllite.
Commonly alters to vermiculite or chlorite, and these may be intimately interlayered.
Rock-forming biotite may be confused with stilpnomelane.
The CNMMN Subcommittee on Nomenclature of the Micas (1998, 1999) has recommended that the name biotite be used for any minerals in the “series” between the joins Annite-Phlogopite and Siderophyllite-Eastonite, and is therefore no longer to be regarded as a species name, more strictly a subgroup. Other closely related species such as Fluorophlogopite and Fluorotetraferriphlogopite are usually included in the subgroup.
The name is most commonly used generically (in the field or petrologically) for any unanalysed or incompletely analysed dark-coloured, Fe-rich micas, including Annite, Fluorannite, Tetra-ferri-annite and Siderophyllite.
Commonly alters to vermiculite or chlorite, and these may be intimately interlayered.
Rock-forming biotite may be confused with stilpnomelane.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
677
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:677:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
cb51e225-d11b-4412-8105-70b51cfd1df7
IMA Classification of Biotite
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Bt | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Bt | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Bt | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Bt | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Bt | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Bt | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Pronunciation of Biotite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Chemistry of Biotite
Mindat Formula:
K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
A slash in the formula indicates different elements can occur in this position but without assumption on priority.
A slash in the formula indicates different elements can occur in this position but without assumption on priority.
Age distribution
Recorded ages:
Paleoarchean to Quaternary : 3366 Ma to 0.49 ± 0.01 Ma - based on 318 recorded ages.
Crystallographic forms of Biotite
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000386 | Annite | Hazen R M, Burnham C W (1973) The crystal structures of one-layer phlogopite and annite American Mineralogist 58 889-900 | 1973 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002392 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Beran A, Schneider J, Amthauer G, Lottermoser W (2000) Spectroscopic and structural properties of synthetic micas on the annite-siderophyllite binary: Synthesis, crystal structure refinement, Mossbauer, and infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 85 449-465 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002393 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Beran A, Schneider J, Amthauer G, Lottermoser W (2000) Spectroscopic and structural properties of synthetic micas on the annite-siderophyllite binary: Synthesis, crystal structure refinement, Mossbauer, and infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 85 449-465 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002394 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Beran A, Schneider J, Amthauer G, Lottermoser W (2000) Spectroscopic and structural properties of synthetic micas on the annite-siderophyllite binary: Synthesis, crystal structure refinement, Mossbauer, and infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 85 449-465 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002395 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Beran A, Schneider J, Amthauer G, Lottermoser W (2000) Spectroscopic and structural properties of synthetic micas on the annite-siderophyllite binary: Synthesis, crystal structure refinement, Mossbauer, and infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 85 449-465 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002396 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Beran A, Schneider J, Amthauer G, Lottermoser W (2000) Spectroscopic and structural properties of synthetic micas on the annite-siderophyllite binary: Synthesis, crystal structure refinement, Mossbauer, and infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 85 449-465 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002397 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Beran A, Schneider J, Amthauer G, Lottermoser W (2000) Spectroscopic and structural properties of synthetic micas on the annite-siderophyllite binary: Synthesis, crystal structure refinement, Mossbauer, and infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 85 449-465 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002398 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Beran A, Schneider J, Amthauer G, Lottermoser W (2000) Spectroscopic and structural properties of synthetic micas on the annite-siderophyllite binary: Synthesis, crystal structure refinement, Mossbauer, and infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 85 449-465 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002399 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Beran A, Schneider J, Amthauer G, Lottermoser W (2000) Spectroscopic and structural properties of synthetic micas on the annite-siderophyllite binary: Synthesis, crystal structure refinement, Mossbauer, and infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 85 449-465 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002929 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002930 | Annite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0004299 | Annite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004300 | Annite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004301 | Annite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005541 | Annite | Drabek M, Rieder M, Viti C, Weiss Z, Fryda J (1998) Hydrothermal synthesis of a Cs ferruginous trioctahedral mica The Canadian Mineralogist 36 755-761 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000024 | Phlogopite | Hendricks S B, Jefferson M E (1939) Polymorphism of the micas with optical measurements American Mineralogist 24 729-771 | 1939 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000025 | Phlogopite | Hendricks S B, Jefferson M E (1939) Polymorphism of the micas with optical measurements American Mineralogist 24 729-771 | 1939 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000026 | Phlogopite | Hendricks S B, Jefferson M E (1939) Polymorphism of the micas with optical measurements American Mineralogist 24 729-771 | 1939 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000077 | Phlogopite | Pabst A (1955) Redescription of the single layer structure of the micas American Mineralogist 40 967-974 | 1955 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000114 | Phlogopite | Steinfink H (1962) Crystal structure of a trioctahedral mica: Phlogopite American Mineralogist 47 886-889 | 1962 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001810 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001811 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001812 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001813 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001814 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001815 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001816 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001817 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001818 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001819 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001820 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001821 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001822 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Saccani E, Vaccaro C (1996) Crystal chemistry and petrologic significance of Fe3+-rich phlogopite from the Tapira carbonatite complex, Brazil American Mineralogist 81 913-927 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002225 | Phlogopite | Hawthorne F C, Teertstra D K, Cerny P (1999) Crystal-structure refinement of a rubidian cesian phlogopite American Mineralogist 84 778-781 | 1999 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002917 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002918 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002919 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002920 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002921 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002922 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002923 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002924 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002925 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002926 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002928 | Phlogopite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0003534 | Phlogopite | Comodi P, Fumagalli P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F (2004) A single-crystal study on the pressure behavior of phlogopite and petrological implications American Mineralogist 89 647-653 | 2004 | 0.0001 | 293 | ||
0003535 | Phlogopite | Comodi P, Fumagalli P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F (2004) A single-crystal study on the pressure behavior of phlogopite and petrological implications American Mineralogist 89 647-653 | 2004 | 1.2 | 293 | ||
0003536 | Phlogopite | Comodi P, Fumagalli P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F (2004) A single-crystal study on the pressure behavior of phlogopite and petrological implications American Mineralogist 89 647-653 | 2004 | 3.2 | 293 | ||
0003537 | Phlogopite | Comodi P, Fumagalli P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F (2004) A single-crystal study on the pressure behavior of phlogopite and petrological implications American Mineralogist 89 647-653 | 2004 | 5 | 293 | ||
0003538 | Phlogopite | Comodi P, Fumagalli P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F (2004) A single-crystal study on the pressure behavior of phlogopite and petrological implications American Mineralogist 89 647-653 | 2004 | 6 | 293 | ||
0004002 | Phlogopite | Mesto E, Schingaro E, Scordari F, Ottolini L (2006) An electron microprobe analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction study of phlogopites from Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy: Consideration of cation partioning American Mineralogist 91 182-190 | 2006 | Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004003 | Phlogopite | Mesto E, Schingaro E, Scordari F, Ottolini L (2006) An electron microprobe analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction study of phlogopites from Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy: Consideration of cation partioning American Mineralogist 91 182-190 | 2006 | Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004004 | Phlogopite | Mesto E, Schingaro E, Scordari F, Ottolini L (2006) An electron microprobe analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction study of phlogopites from Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy: Consideration of cation partioning American Mineralogist 91 182-190 | 2006 | Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004291 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004292 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004293 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004294 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004295 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004296 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004297 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004298 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004302 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004303 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004304 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004305 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004306 | Phlogopite | Laurora A, Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Caprilli E (2007) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rocks: A case study from Mt. Sassetto (Tolfa district, Latium, central Italy) American Mineralogist 92 468-480 | 2007 | Mt. Sassetto, Tolfa district, Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004525 | Phlogopite | Matarrese S, Schingaro E, Scordari F, Stoppa F, Rosatelli G, Pedrazzi G, Ottolini L (2008) Crystal chemistry of phlogopite from Vulture-S. Michele Subsynthem volcanic rocks (Mt. Vulture, Italy) and volcanological implications Mt. Vulture, Italy American Mineralogist 93 426-437 | 2008 | Masseria Saraceno pyroclastic flow, Vulture-San Michele Subsynthem, | 0 | 293 | |
0004526 | Phlogopite | Matarrese S, Schingaro E, Scordari F, Stoppa F, Rosatelli G, Pedrazzi G, Ottolini L (2008) Crystal chemistry of phlogopite from Vulture-S. Michele Subsynthem volcanic rocks (Mt. Vulture, Italy) and volcanological implications Mt. Vulture, Italy American Mineralogist 93 426-437 | 2008 | Masseria Saraceno pyroclastic flow, Vulture-San Michele Subsynthem, | 0 | 293 | |
0004527 | Phlogopite | Matarrese S, Schingaro E, Scordari F, Stoppa F, Rosatelli G, Pedrazzi G, Ottolini L (2008) Crystal chemistry of phlogopite from Vulture-S. Michele Subsynthem volcanic rocks (Mt. Vulture, Italy) and volcanological implications Mt. Vulture, Italy American Mineralogist 93 426-437 | 2008 | Masseria Saraceno pyroclastic flow, Vulture-San Michele Subsynthem, | 0 | 293 | |
0004528 | Phlogopite | Matarrese S, Schingaro E, Scordari F, Stoppa F, Rosatelli G, Pedrazzi G, Ottolini L (2008) Crystal chemistry of phlogopite from Vulture-S. Michele Subsynthem volcanic rocks (Mt. Vulture, Italy) and volcanological implications Mt. Vulture, Italy American Mineralogist 93 426-437 | 2008 | Masseria Saraceno pyroclastic flow, Vulture-San Michele Subsynthem, | 0 | 293 | |
0004529 | Phlogopite | Matarrese S, Schingaro E, Scordari F, Stoppa F, Rosatelli G, Pedrazzi G, Ottolini L (2008) Crystal chemistry of phlogopite from Vulture-S. Michele Subsynthem volcanic rocks (Mt. Vulture, Italy) and volcanological implications Mt. Vulture, Italy American Mineralogist 93 426-437 | 2008 | Masseria Saraceno pyroclastic flow, Vulture-San Michele Subsynthem, | 0 | 293 | |
0004530 | Phlogopite | Matarrese S, Schingaro E, Scordari F, Stoppa F, Rosatelli G, Pedrazzi G, Ottolini L (2008) Crystal chemistry of phlogopite from Vulture-S. Michele Subsynthem volcanic rocks (Mt. Vulture, Italy) and volcanological implications Mt. Vulture, Italy American Mineralogist 93 426-437 | 2008 | Masseria Saraceno pyroclastic flow, Vulture-San Michele Subsynthem, | 0 | 293 | |
0004547 | Phlogopite | Ventruti G, Zema M, Scordari F, Pedrazzi G (2008) Thermal behavior of a Ti-rich phlogopite from Mt. Vulture (Potenza, Italy): An in situ X-ray single-crystal diffraction study American Mineralogist 93 632-643 | 2008 | trioctahedral mica, Cava St. Antonia, Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004548 | Phlogopite | Ventruti G, Zema M, Scordari F, Pedrazzi G (2008) Thermal behavior of a Ti-rich phlogopite from Mt. Vulture (Potenza, Italy): An in situ X-ray single-crystal diffraction study American Mineralogist 93 632-643 | 2008 | trioctahedral mica, Cava St. Antonia, Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004549 | Phlogopite | Ventruti G, Zema M, Scordari F, Pedrazzi G (2008) Thermal behavior of a Ti-rich phlogopite from Mt. Vulture (Potenza, Italy): An in situ X-ray single-crystal diffraction study American Mineralogist 93 632-643 | 2008 | trioctahedral mica, Cava St. Antonia, Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004550 | Phlogopite | Ventruti G, Zema M, Scordari F, Pedrazzi G (2008) Thermal behavior of a Ti-rich phlogopite from Mt. Vulture (Potenza, Italy): An in situ X-ray single-crystal diffraction study American Mineralogist 93 632-643 | 2008 | trioctahedral mica, Cava St. Antonia, Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004551 | Phlogopite | Ventruti G, Zema M, Scordari F, Pedrazzi G (2008) Thermal behavior of a Ti-rich phlogopite from Mt. Vulture (Potenza, Italy): An in situ X-ray single-crystal diffraction study American Mineralogist 93 632-643 | 2008 | trioctahedral mica, Cava St. Antonia, Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004552 | Phlogopite | Ventruti G, Zema M, Scordari F, Pedrazzi G (2008) Thermal behavior of a Ti-rich phlogopite from Mt. Vulture (Potenza, Italy): An in situ X-ray single-crystal diffraction study American Mineralogist 93 632-643 | 2008 | trioctahedral mica, Cava St. Antonia, Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004553 | Phlogopite | Ventruti G, Zema M, Scordari F, Pedrazzi G (2008) Thermal behavior of a Ti-rich phlogopite from Mt. Vulture (Potenza, Italy): An in situ X-ray single-crystal diffraction study American Mineralogist 93 632-643 | 2008 | trioctahedral mica, Cava St. Antonia, Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004554 | Phlogopite | Ventruti G, Zema M, Scordari F, Pedrazzi G (2008) Thermal behavior of a Ti-rich phlogopite from Mt. Vulture (Potenza, Italy): An in situ X-ray single-crystal diffraction study American Mineralogist 93 632-643 | 2008 | trioctahedral mica, Cava St. Antonia, Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004555 | Phlogopite | Ventruti G, Zema M, Scordari F, Pedrazzi G (2008) Thermal behavior of a Ti-rich phlogopite from Mt. Vulture (Potenza, Italy): An in situ X-ray single-crystal diffraction study American Mineralogist 93 632-643 | 2008 | trioctahedral mica, Cava St. Antonia, Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0004636 | Phlogopite | Nazzareni S, Comodi P, Bindi L, Safonov O G, Litvin Y A, Perchuk L L (2008) Synthetic hypersilicic Cl-bearing mica in the phlogopite-celadonite join: a mulitmethodical characterization of the missing link between di- and tri- octahedral micas at high pressures American Mineralogist 93 1429-1436 | 2008 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0017712 | Phlogopite | Zema M, Ventruti G, Lacalamita M, Scordari F (2010) Kinetics of Fe-oxidation/deprotonation process in Fe-rich phlogopite under isothermal conditions American Mineralogist 95 1458-1466 | 2010 | Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0017713 | Phlogopite | Zema M, Ventruti G, Lacalamita M, Scordari F (2010) Kinetics of Fe-oxidation/deprotonation process in Fe-rich phlogopite under isothermal conditions American Mineralogist 95 1458-1466 | 2010 | Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0017714 | Phlogopite | Zema M, Ventruti G, Lacalamita M, Scordari F (2010) Kinetics of Fe-oxidation/deprotonation process in Fe-rich phlogopite under isothermal conditions American Mineralogist 95 1458-1466 | 2010 | Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0017715 | Phlogopite | Zema M, Ventruti G, Lacalamita M, Scordari F (2010) Kinetics of Fe-oxidation/deprotonation process in Fe-rich phlogopite under isothermal conditions American Mineralogist 95 1458-1466 | 2010 | Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0017716 | Phlogopite | Zema M, Ventruti G, Lacalamita M, Scordari F (2010) Kinetics of Fe-oxidation/deprotonation process in Fe-rich phlogopite under isothermal conditions American Mineralogist 95 1458-1466 | 2010 | Mt. Vulture, Potenza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0020820 | Phlogopite | Scordari F, Schingaro E, Lacalamita M, Mesto E (2012) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas-2M_1 from Bunyaruguru kamafugite (southwest Uganda) American Mineralogist 97 430-439 | 2012 | southwest Uganda | 0 | 293 | |
0020821 | Phlogopite | Scordari F, Schingaro E, Lacalamita M, Mesto E (2012) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas-2M_1 from Bunyaruguru kamafugite (southwest Uganda) American Mineralogist 97 430-439 | 2012 | southwest Uganda | 0 | 293 | |
0020822 | Phlogopite | Scordari F, Schingaro E, Lacalamita M, Mesto E (2012) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas-2M_1 from Bunyaruguru kamafugite (southwest Uganda) American Mineralogist 97 430-439 | 2012 | southwest Uganda | 0 | 293 | |
0020823 | Phlogopite | Scordari F, Schingaro E, Lacalamita M, Mesto E (2012) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas-2M_1 from Bunyaruguru kamafugite (southwest Uganda) American Mineralogist 97 430-439 | 2012 | southwest Uganda | 0 | 293 | |
0020824 | Phlogopite | Scordari F, Schingaro E, Lacalamita M, Mesto E (2012) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas-2M_1 from Bunyaruguru kamafugite (southwest Uganda) American Mineralogist 97 430-439 | 2012 | southwest Uganda | 0 | 293 | |
0019915 | Phlogopite | Schingaro E, Lacalamita M, Scordari F, Mesto E (2013) 3T-phlogopite from Kasenyi kamafugite (SW Uganda): EPMA, XPS, FTIR, and SCXRD study American Mineralogist 98 709-717 | 2013 | Kasenyi kamafugite, southwest Uganda | 0 | 293 | |
0005597 | Phlogopite | Russell R L, Guggenheim S (1999) The crystal structures of near-end-member phlogopite at high temperatures and heat-treated Fe-rich phlogopite: The influence of the O, OH, F site The Canadian Mineralogist 37 711-720 | 1999 | Silver Crater mine, Ontario, Canada | 0 | 293 | |
0005598 | Phlogopite | Russell R L, Guggenheim S (1999) The crystal structures of near-end-member phlogopite at high temperatures and heat-treated Fe-rich phlogopite: The influence of the O,OH,F site The Canadian Mineralogist 37 711-720 | 1999 | Silver Crater mine, Ontario, Canada | 0 | 293 | |
0005599 | Phlogopite | Russell R L, Guggenheim S (1999) The crystal structures of near-end-member phlogopite at high temperatures and heat-treated Fe-rich phlogopite: The influence of the O, OH, F site The Canadian Mineralogist 37 711-720 | 1999 | White Well, Australia | 0 | 293 | |
0005600 | Phlogopite | Russell R L, Guggenheim S (1999) The crystal structures of near-end-member phlogopite at high temperatures and heat-treated Fe-rich phlogopite: The influence of the O, OH, F site The Canadian Mineralogist 37 711-720 | 1999 | White Well, Australia | 0 | 293 | |
0005601 | Phlogopite | Russell R L, Guggenheim S (1999) The crystal structures of near-end-member phlogopite at high temperatures and heat-treated Fe-rich phlogopite: The influence of the O, OH, F site The Canadian Mineralogist 37 711-720 | 1999 | White Well, Australia | 0 | 293 | |
0005602 | Phlogopite | Russell R L, Guggenheim S (1999) The crystal structures of near-end-member phlogopite at high temperatures and heat-treated Fe-rich phlogopite: The influence of the O, OH, F site The Canadian Mineralogist 37 711-720 | 1999 | White Well, Australia | 0 | 293 | |
0005744 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Poppi L, Vaccaro C (2001) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas - 1M from the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1333-1345 | 2001 | Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005745 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Poppi L, Vaccaro C (2001) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas - 1M from the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1333-1345 | 2001 | Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005746 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Poppi L, Vaccaro C (2001) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas - 1M from the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil T-O3 given as 1.663, but I compute 1.647 The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1333-1345 | 2001 | Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005747 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Poppi L, Vaccaro C (2001) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas - 1M from the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1333-1345 | 2001 | Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005748 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Poppi L, Vaccaro C (2001) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas - 1M from the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1333-1345 | 2001 | Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005749 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Poppi L, Vaccaro C (2001) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas - 1M from the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1333-1345 | 2001 | Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005750 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Poppi L, Vaccaro C (2001) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas - 1M from the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1333-1345 | 2001 | Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005751 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Poppi L, Vaccaro C (2001) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas - 1M from the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1333-1345 | 2001 | Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005752 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Medici L, Poppi L, Vaccaro C (2001) Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas - 1M from the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1333-1345 | 2001 | Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province, Southeastern Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0006494 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Poppi L (1993) Crystal chemistry of Ba-rich trioctahedral micas-1M European Journal of Mineralogy 5 857-871 | 1993 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006495 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Poppi L (1993) Crystal chemistry of Ba-rich trioctahedral micas-1M European Journal of Mineralogy 5 857-871 | 1993 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006496 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Poppi L (1993) Crystal chemistry of Ba-rich trioctahedral micas-1M European Journal of Mineralogy 5 857-871 | 1993 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006497 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Poppi L (1993) Crystal chemistry of Ba-rich trioctahedral micas-1M European Journal of Mineralogy 5 857-871 | 1993 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006498 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Poppi L (1993) Crystal chemistry of Ba-rich trioctahedral micas-1M European Journal of Mineralogy 5 857-871 | 1993 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006499 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Poppi L (1993) Crystal chemistry of Ba-rich trioctahedral micas-1M European Journal of Mineralogy 5 857-871 | 1993 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006500 | Phlogopite | Brigatti M F, Poppi L (1993) Crystal chemistry of Ba-rich trioctahedral micas-1M European Journal of Mineralogy 5 857-871 | 1993 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002506 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) sample: 140(2) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002507 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002508 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002509 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286 | 2000 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002927 | Siderophyllite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002931 | Siderophyllite | Redhammer G J, Roth G (2002) Single-crystal structure refinements and crystal chemistry of synthetic trioctahedral micas KM3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, where M = Ni, Mg, Co, Fe, Al American Mineralogist 87 1464-1476 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006975 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi L (2003) Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-bearing trioctahedral micas-3T European Journal of Mineralogy 15 349-355 | 2003 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006976 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi L (2003) Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-bearing trioctahedral micas-3T European Journal of Mineralogy 15 349-355 | 2003 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006977 | Siderophyllite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi L (2003) Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-bearing trioctahedral micas-3T European Journal of Mineralogy 15 349-355 | 2003 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002208 | Tetraferriannite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F, Weiss Z, Rieder M, Drabek M (1999) "Cs-tetra-ferri-annite:" High-pressure and high-temperature behavior of a potential nuclear waste disposal phase American Mineralogist 84 325-332 | 1999 | 0.0001 | 293 | ||
0002209 | Tetraferriannite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F, Weiss Z, Rieder M, Drabek M (1999) "Cs-tetra-ferri-annite:" High-pressure and high-temperature behavior of a potential nuclear waste disposal phase American Mineralogist 84 325-332 | 1999 | 3.94 | 293 | ||
0002210 | Tetraferriannite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F, Weiss Z, Rieder M, Drabek M (1999) "Cs-tetra-ferri-annite:" High-pressure and high-temperature behavior of a potential nuclear waste disposal phase American Mineralogist 84 325-332 | 1999 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002211 | Tetraferriannite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F, Weiss Z, Rieder M, Drabek M (1999) "Cs-tetra-ferri-annite:" High-pressure and high-temperature behavior of a potential nuclear waste disposal phase American Mineralogist 84 325-332 | 1999 | 0 | 569 | ||
0002212 | Tetraferriannite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F, Weiss Z, Rieder M, Drabek M (1999) "Cs-tetra-ferri-annite:" High-pressure and high-temperature behavior of a potential nuclear waste disposal phase American Mineralogist 84 325-332 | 1999 | 0 | 708 | ||
0002213 | Tetraferriannite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F, Weiss Z, Rieder M, Drabek M (1999) "Cs-tetra-ferri-annite:" High-pressure and high-temperature behavior of a potential nuclear waste disposal phase American Mineralogist 84 325-332 | 1999 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000311 | Fluorophlogopite | McCauley J W, Newnham R E, Gibbs G V (1973) Crystal structure analysis of synthetic fluorophlogopite American Mineralogist 58 249-254 | 1973 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000385 | Fluorophlogopite | Hazen R M, Burnham C W (1973) The crystal structures of one-layer phlogopite and annite American Mineralogist 58 889-900 | 1973 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000628 | Fluorophlogopite | Hazen R M, Finger L W (1978) The crystal structures and compressibilities of layer minerals at high pressure. II. Phlogopite and chlorite American Mineralogist 63 293-296 | 1978 | 3.5 | 293 | ||
0020180 | Fluorophlogopite | Scordari F, Schingaro E, Ventruti G, Nicotra E, Viccaro M, Tagliani S M (2013) Fluorophlogopite from Piano delle Concazze (Mt. Etna, Italy): Crystal chemistry and implications for the crystallization conditions American Mineralogist 98 1017-1025 | 2013 | Piano delle Concazze, Mt. Etna, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0020181 | Fluorophlogopite | Scordari F, Schingaro E, Ventruti G, Nicotra E, Viccaro M, Tagliani S M (2013) Fluorophlogopite from Piano delle Concazze (Mt. Etna, Italy): Crystal chemistry and implications for the crystallization conditions American Mineralogist 98 1017-1025 | 2013 | Piano delle Concazze, Mt. Etna, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0020182 | Fluorophlogopite | Scordari F, Schingaro E, Ventruti G, Nicotra E, Viccaro M, Tagliani S M (2013) Fluorophlogopite from Piano delle Concazze (Mt. Etna, Italy): Crystal chemistry and implications for the crystallization conditions American Mineralogist 98 1017-1025 | 2013 | Piano delle Concazze, Mt. Etna, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0020183 | Fluorophlogopite | Scordari F, Schingaro E, Ventruti G, Nicotra E, Viccaro M, Tagliani S M (2013) Fluorophlogopite from Piano delle Concazze (Mt. Etna, Italy): Crystal chemistry and implications for the crystallization conditions American Mineralogist 98 1017-1025 | 2013 | Piano delle Concazze, Mt. Etna, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0006911 | Fluorophlogopite | Ferraris G, Gula A, Ivaldi G, Nespolo M, Sokolova E, Uvarova Y, Khomyakov A P (2001) First structure determination of an MDO-2O mica polytype associated with a 1M polytype European Journal of Mineralogy 13 1013-1023 | 2001 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Synonyms of Biotite
Other Language Names for Biotite
Catalan:Biotita
Czech:Biotit
Dutch:Biotiet
Estonian:Biotiit
Finnish:Biotiitti
French:Biotite
Galician:Biotita
Hebrew:ביוטיט
Italian:Biotite
Japanese:黒雲母
Korean:흑운모
Lithuanian:Biotitas
Polish:Biotyt
Portuguese:Biotite
Romanian:Biotit
Russian:Биотит
Serbian:Биотит
Simplified Chinese:黑云母
Slovak:Biotit
Turkish:Biyotit
Ukrainian:Біотит
Varieties of Biotite
Anomite | Mica group. An anomalous (hence the name) variety of "biotite" which has its optic axial plane perpendicular to (010). |
Barium- and Titanium-bearing Biotite | A barium- and titanium-bearing biotite mica. |
Chlorian biotite | Has 1.73 to 2.32 wt% Cl (Urals material). |
Chrom-Biotit | A Cr-bearing variety of biotite. |
Chromium-bearing Biotite | A Cr-bearing variety of biotite. |
Eastonite (of Winchell) | A variety of Biotite close to Eastonite. |
Heterophyllite | Designation for a uniaxial biotite from Mangualde, Portugal. |
Manganophyllite | A Mn-rich variety of biotite. Originally described from Harstigen Mine, Pajsberg, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden. |
Mg(T) Mica | An Aluminium-poor Biotite group mica. |
Natronbiotite | A biotite with Na partially replacing K |
Oxybiotite | An oxidized biotite (?). Name not mentioned in the mica report. |
Rubellan | Oxidized and dehydrogenated Biotite. |
Titanium-bearing Biotite | Ti variety of Biotite |
Wodanite | A titanian biotite with 12.5% TiO2 |
Relationship of Biotite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Aspidolite | NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Balestraite | KLi2V5+Si4O12 | Mon. 2 : B2 |
Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Garmite | CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. |
Hendricksite | KZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Kreiterite | CsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. |
Lepidolite | A Li-rich mica in, or close to, the so-called Polylithionite-Trilithionite series. | Mon. |
Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2 : B2 |
Norrishite | KLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Orlovite | KLi2Ti(Si4O10)OF | Mon. 2 : B2 |
Polylithionite | KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Preiswerkite | NaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Shirokshinite | K(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Shirozulite | KMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Sokolovaite | CsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. |
Suhailite | (NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Tainiolite | KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Trilithionite | K(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Wonesite | (Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Zinnwaldite | Mica Group. |
Group Members:
Annite | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Eastonite | KMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
Fluorannite | KFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Fluorotetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Oxyphlogopite | K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Siderophyllite | KFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
Tetraferriannite | KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Biotite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
- Igneous rock
- Normal crystalline igneous rock
- Coarse-grained ("plutonic") crystalline igneous rock
- Granitoid
- Syenitoid
- Dioritoid
- Gabbroid
- Quartz-monzogabbro
- Monzogabbro
- Foid-bearing-monzogabbro
- Quartz-gabbro
- Gabbro
- Clinopyroxene-gabbro
- Olivine-gabbro
- Gabbronorite
- Olivine-gabbronorite
- Pyroxene-hornblende-gabbronorite
- Norite
- Clinopyroxene-norite
- Olivine-clinopyroxene norite
- Olivine-norite
- Pyroxene-hornblende-norite
- Olivine-orthopyroxene-gabbro
- Orthopyroxene-gabbro
- Pyroxene-hornblende-gabbro
- Troctolite
- Gabbrodiorite
- Leucogabbro
- Melagabbro
- Quartz-norite
- Microgabbro
- Pegmatitic gabbro
- Foid-bearing-gabbro
- Foid-bearing gabbroic-rock
- Anorthositoid
- Foid-syenitoid
- Foid-dioritoid
- Foid-gabbroid
- Foidolite
- Coarse-grained-ultramafic-rock
- Apotroctolite
- Fine-grained ("volcanic") normal crystalline igneous rock
- Dolerite
- Porphyry
- Coarse-grained ("plutonic") crystalline igneous rock
- Exotic crystalline igneous rock
- Carbonatite
- Melilite-bearing rock
- Lamproite
- Kajanite
- Olivine lamproite
- Diopside-leucite-phlogopite lamproite
- Diopside-sanidine-phlogopite lamproite
- Diopside-madupitic lamproite
- Diopside-leucite lamproite
- Diopside-leucite-richterite-madupitic lamproite
- Leucite-phlogopite lamproite
- Hyalo-olivine-diopside-phlogopite lamproite
- Olivine-diopside-richterite-madupitic lamproite
- Hyalo-enstatite-phlogopite lamproite
- Enstatite-sanidine-phlogopite lamproite
- Lamprophyre
- Kimberlite
- Igneous rock of restricted mineralogy
- Kamafugite
- Pegmatite
- Normal crystalline igneous rock
- Sedimentary rock and sediment
- Metamorphic rock
Internet Links for Biotite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-677.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Biotite
Reference List:
Ohta, T., Takeda, H., Takéuchi, Y. (1982) Mica polytypism: similarities in the crystal structures of coexisting 1M and 2M 1 oxybiotite. American Mineralogist, 67 (3-4) 298-310
Rieder, M., Cavazzini, G., D’Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A., Gottardt, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Muller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radoslovich, E.W., Robert, J.L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., Wones, D.R. (1998) Nomenclature of the micas. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36 (3) 905-912
Rieder, M., Cavazzini, G., D’yakonov, Yu. S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V. A., Gottardi, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval’, P. V., Müller, G., Neiva, A. M. R., Radoslovich, E. W., Robert, J.-L., Sassi, F. P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., Wones, D. R. (1999) Nomenclature of the micas. Mineralogical Magazine, 63 (2) 267-279 doi:10.1180/minmag.1999.063.2.13
Parry, W. T., Wilson, P. N., Moser, D., Heizler, M. T. (2001) U-Pb Dating of Zircon and 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Biotite at Bingham, Utah. Economic Geology, 96 (7) 1671-1683 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.96.7.1671
Significant localities for Biotite
Showing 2 significant localities out of 12,247 recorded on mindat.org.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| [Tetraferriannite] Miyano et al. (1983) |
Canada | |
| Olivier Langelier Collection |
China | |
| [Fluorotetraferriphlogopite] Williams et al. (2010) +2 other references |
| [Fluorannite] Shen Ganfu et al. (2000) |
Germany | |
| [var: Wodanite] Freudenberg (1919) |
| [Oxyphlogopite] Chukanov N.V. et al.: Oxyphlogopite (Mg,Ti,Fe) |
Italy | |
| [Fluorophlogopite] Gianfagna et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| [Tetraferriphlogopite] World of Stones 95: 5-6 +3 other references |
Sweden | |
| [var: Manganophyllite] Igelström (1872) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| [Siderophyllite] Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Ague (1995) |
| [Annite] Dana (1868) +1 other reference |
| [Fluorophlogopite] Dunn (1995) |
| [Phlogopite] Moritz (n.d.) |
[Fluorophlogopite] Tracy (1991) | |
| [Phlogopite] Jaszczak (1997) |
| [Phlogopite] Robinson et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| [Eastonite] The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania +5 other references |
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Almenningen Quarry, Tvedalen, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway