Bieberite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Bieberite
Formula:
CoSO4 · 7H2O
Colour:
Red-pink, flesh-red; colourless to pale rose in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Earthy
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
1.96
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
After the discovery locality, Bieber, Hessen, Germany.
Melanterite Group.
A secondary mineral formed by the oxidation of sulfide and arsenide ores containing cobalt. Often a post-mining product.
May dehydrate to moorhouseite.
A secondary mineral formed by the oxidation of sulfide and arsenide ores containing cobalt. Often a post-mining product.
May dehydrate to moorhouseite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
664
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:664:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
08de9dac-01e0-40e1-b3d9-5ee72ab4e388
IMA Classification of Bieberite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Co(SO4) · 7H2O
Classification of Bieberite
7.CB.35
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.6.10.4
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
25.12.1
25 : Sulphates
12 : Sulphates of Co and Ni
25 : Sulphates
12 : Sulphates of Co and Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bie | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Bieberite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Bieberite
Vitreous, Earthy
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Comment:
Luster/texture becomes mealy upon dehydration to the hexahydrate.
Colour:
Red-pink, flesh-red; colourless to pale rose in transmitted light.
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001} perfect; on {110} fair.
On {001} perfect; on {110} fair.
Density:
1.96 g/cm3 (Measured) 1.83 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Bieberite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.477 nβ = 1.483 nγ = 1.489
2V:
Measured: 88° , Calculated: 88°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Chemistry of Bieberite
Mindat Formula:
CoSO4 · 7H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Bieberite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.04 Å, b = 6.49 Å, c = 10.92 Å
β = 105.27°
β = 105.27°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.163 : 1 : 1.683
Unit Cell V:
959.90 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
As crusts and stalactites.
Crystallographic forms of Bieberite
Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
Click on an icon to view
Bieberite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0015843 | Bieberite | Kellersohn T, Delaplane R G, Olovsson I (1991) Disorder of a trigonally planar coordinated water molecule in cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, CoSO4*7D2O Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung B46 1635-1640 | 1991 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.87 Å | (100) |
| 3.76 Å | (75) |
| 4.82 Å | (55) |
| 2.725 Å | (25) |
| 3.71 Å | (20) |
| 4.02 Å | (14) |
| 3.25 Å | (14) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] |
Type Occurrence of Bieberite
Synonyms of Bieberite
Other Language Names for Bieberite
French:Rhodhalose
Russian:Биберит
Relationship of Bieberite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Alpersite | (Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Boothite | CuSO4 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Mallardite | MnSO4 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Zincmelanterite | (Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 6 photos of Bieberite associated with Bismuth | Bi |
| 3 photos of Bieberite associated with Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 3 photos of Bieberite associated with Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 2 photos of Bieberite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 1 photo of Bieberite associated with Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 1 photo of Bieberite associated with Pitchblende | UO2 |
| 1 photo of Bieberite associated with Guarinoite | Zn6(SO4)(OH)10 · 5H2O |
| 1 photo of Bieberite associated with Richelsdorfite | Ca2Cu5Sb(AsO4)4(OH)6Cl · 6H2O |
| 1 photo of Bieberite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 1 photo of Bieberite associated with Marcasite | FeS2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
| 7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Aplowite | (Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Ilesite | (Mn,Zn,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | FeSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Boothite | CuSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Mallardite | MnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | (Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | 3CdSO4 · 8H2O |
| 7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.57 | Caichengyunite | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
| 7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
| 7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | (Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | (Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in H2O
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
easily dehydrates to the hexahydrate.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Bieberite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-664.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Bieberite
Reference List:
Klaproth, M. H. (1797) Untersuchung des natürlichen Kobaltvitriols von Herrengrund. In Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper Vol. 2. Rottmann, Berlin. p.320
Redhammer, G. J., Koll, L., Bernroider, M., Tippelt, G., Amthauer, G., Roth, G. (2007) Co2+-Cu2+ substitution in bieberite solid-solution series, (Co1-xCux)SO4·7H2O, 0.00 <= x <= 0.46: Synthesis, single-crystal structure analysis, and optical spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 92 (4) 532-545 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2229
Localities for Bieberite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Niedermayr et al. (2009) | |
Chile | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Costa Rica | |
| Ulloa et al. (2018) |
Czech Republic | |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) |
DR Congo | |
| Lapis 17 (3) |
France | |
| www.zampano.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Fiche BSS BRGM n° 11183X4002/GT |
| Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21 |
| Gourault C. (1997) | |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Graf (1982) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dana 7:II:506. |
| Betts (n.d.) |
| Christophe Boutry collection |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Skarpelis et al. (2009) |
Italy | |
| Carbone et al. (2002) |
| Exel (1987) |
| |
| C.L. Garavelli (1957) | |
Japan | |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) |
Portugal | |
| Antonio Jesus Pimentel specimens +1 other reference |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
Russia | |
| E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest ... |
Slovakia | |
| Kodě +1 other reference |
| |
Spain | |
| Joan Viñals. Barcelona University. ... |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
UK | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
USA | |
| Bollin et al. (1958) +2 other references |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Gornitz (2004) |
| MRDS file #10027310. +1 other reference |
| Gilluly (1946) +1 other reference |
| J.F. Cooper |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 78. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 270. +4 other references |
| Conroy (2023) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 21: 750-753. +1 other reference |
| Lapham & Geyer |
| Thompson et al. (1955) |
| Analyzed by SEM EDS and in the ... |
| Bullock (1981) |
| |
Zimbabwe | |
| Vetter et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout BieberiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystallographic forms Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Torgal Mine, São Luís, Odemira, Beja, Portugal