Yttrialite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Yttrialite-(Y)
Formula:
(Y,Th)2Si2O7
Colour:
Olive-green, brown to black; often with an orange-yellow crust
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy, Dull
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
4.56 - 4.58
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after its chemical composition containing yttrium. Originally named simply yttrialite. The suffix was added in 1987 by the IMA with the adoption of the Levinson for REE minerals.
NOTE: not to be confused with Yttriaite-(Y)
NOTE: not to be confused with Yttriaite-(Y)
Type Locality:
Known synthetic analogue.
Probably polymorphous with anorthoyttrialite-(Y) (?: confirmation needed).
Probably polymorphous with anorthoyttrialite-(Y) (?: confirmation needed).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4367
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4367:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
aa696992-2ce5-4c74-a346-dafaf404c70d
IMA Classification of Yttrialite-(Y)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Y2Si2O7
First published:
1889
Classification of Yttrialite-(Y)
9.BC.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
C : Si2O7 groups, without non-tetrahedral anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
C : Si2O7 groups, without non-tetrahedral anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
55.2.1b.3
55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
14.11.5
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
11 : Silicates of Th and Hg
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
11 : Silicates of Th and Hg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Ytt-Y | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Yttrialite-(Y)
Vitreous, Greasy, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Olive-green, brown to black; often with an orange-yellow crust
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
platy
platy
Density:
4.56 - 4.58 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.0 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Chemistry of Yttrialite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
(Y,Th)2Si2O7
Elements listed:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | |
---|---|
SiO2 | 28.70 % |
Fe2O3 | 1.18 % |
MnO | 0.48 % |
MgO | 0.15 % |
CaO | 0.93 % |
UO2 | 2.59 % |
ThO2 | 6.97 % |
Y2O3 | 31.37 % |
La2O3 | 0.14 % |
Ce2O3 | 0.66 % |
Pr2O3 | 0.15 % |
Nd2O3 | 1.09 % |
Sm2O3 | 1.17 % |
Eu2O3 | 0.05 % |
Gd2O3 | 2.44 % |
Tb2O3 | 0.61 % |
Dy2O3 | 5.35 % |
Ho2O3 | 1.00 % |
Er2O3 | 3.69 % |
Tm2O3 | 0.75 % |
Yb2O3 | 5.58 % |
Lu2O3 | 1.45 % |
H2O | 3.68 % |
Total: | 100.18 % |
Crystallography of Yttrialite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.50 Å, b = 8.06 Å, c = 5.02 Å
α = 112.00°
α = 112.00°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.931 : 1 : 0.623
Unit Cell V:
0.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
commonly metamict.
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0014180 | Yttrialite-(Y) | Batalieva N G, Pyatenko Yu A (1971) Artificial yttrialite (gamma-phase) - a representative of a new structure type in the rare earth diorthosilicate series Kristallografiya 16 905-910 | 1971 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.68 Å | (80) |
4.04 Å | (80) |
3.46 Å | (90) |
3.19 Å | (50) |
3.05 Å | (100) |
2.99 Å | (50) |
2.63 Å | (90) |
2.39 Å | (90) |
2.05 Å | (90) |
2.02 Å | (50) |
2.01 Å | (50) |
1.86 Å | (60) |
1.74 Å | (60) |
Comments:
Ivedal, Norway. The data are from Nilssen (1971). The sample was heated at 850°C. That reference provides a thorough summary of different natural and synthetic patterns obtained at different temperatures.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Yttrialite-(Y)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Massive.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type specimen.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Polymetallic deposit hosted in pegmatitic granite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Hidden, W.E., Mackintosh, J.B. (1889) A description of several yttria and thoria minerals from Llano County, Texas. American Journal of Science, 138, 474-486.
Other Language Names for Yttrialite-(Y)
Relationship of Yttrialite-(Y) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Keiviite-(Y) | Y2Si2O7 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Keiviite-(Yb) | Yb2Si2O7 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
6 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Keiviite-(Y) | Y2Si2O7 |
5 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Britholite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
4 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Keiviite-(Y)-Keiviite-(Yb) Series | |
4 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Formanite-(Y) | YTaO4 |
3 photos of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Kamphaugite-(Y) | Ca(Y,REE)(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Elpidite | Na2ZrSi6O15 · 3H2O |
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Zinnwaldite | |
1 photo of Yttrialite-(Y) associated with Yttrofluorite | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.BC. | Kozłowskiite | Ca4Fe2+2Sn3(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2 |
9.BC. | Anorthoyttrialite-(Y) | Y4(SiO4)(Si3O10) |
9.BC.05 | Gittinsite | CaZrSi2O7 |
9.BC.05 | Keiviite-(Y) | Y2Si2O7 |
9.BC.05 | Keiviite-(Yb) | Yb2Si2O7 |
9.BC.05 | Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 |
9.BC.10 | Keldyshite | (Na,H)2ZrSi2O7 |
9.BC.10 | Khibinskite | K2ZrSi2O7 |
9.BC.10 | Parakeldyshite | Na2ZrSi2O7 |
9.BC.15 | Rankinite | Ca3Si2O7 |
9.BC.20 | Barysilite | Pb8Mn2+[Si2O7]3 |
9.BC.25 | Edgarbaileyite | [Hg2]2+3[Si2O7] |
9.BC.30 | Kristiansenite | Ca4Sc2Sn2(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2 |
9.BC.30 | Silesiaite | Ca4Fe3+2Sn2(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2 |
9.BC.35 | Percleveite-(Ce) | Ce2Si2O7 |
9.BC.35 | Percleveite-(La) | La2Si2O7 |
9.BC.40 | Scottyite | BaCu2Si2O7 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Yttrialite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4367.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Yttrialite-(Y)
Reference List:
Ito, J., Johnson, H. (1968) Synthesis and study of yttrialite. American Mineralogist, 53, 1940-1952.
Nilssen, Borghild (1971) Yttrialite from Ivedal, Iveland, South Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 51 (1) 1-8
Localities for Yttrialite-(Y)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| elluso et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
China | |
| Ligang et al. (2018) |
Finland | |
| Al Ani and Torppa Akseli 2011. REE-Nb ... |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data (2014) |
| Jyrki Autio Collection. Pavel M. ... |
France | |
| Spandler +1 other reference |
Greece | |
| www.researchgate.net (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Kato (1973) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference |
| SUENO et al. (2002) |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
Mongolia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Norway | |
| Nilssen (1968) +1 other reference |
| Nilssen (1965) +1 other reference |
Nilssen (1968) | |
Nilssen (1968) +1 other reference | |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Grauch et al. (1994) |
| Nilssen (1965) |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| Hirtopanu (2006) |
Russia | |
| Kalashnikov et al. (2016) |
| |
Sweden | |
| Natural History Museum |
Mike Scott S103050 fm Cureton #DZE from ... | |
USA | |
| Crook (1977) +1 other reference |
| Dana 6 +3 other references |
R&M 66:3 pp. 196-224. +1 other reference | |
Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
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Baringer Hill Mine, Bluffton, Llano County, Texas, USA