Stokesite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Stokesite
Formula:
CaSn[Si3O9] · 2H2O
Colour:
Colourless, white, light blue
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.185
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named after Sir George Gabriel Stokes (13 August 1819, Skreen, County Sligo, Ireland - 1 February 1903, Cambridge, England), mathematician and physicist, University of Cambridge (England), after whom is named Stokes's law, describing the force acting on a particle moving in a fluid medium.
This page provides mineralogical data about Stokesite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3793
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3793:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
7993bdec-67d2-41e1-af9f-1ebd32e7e473
IMA Classification of Stokesite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CaSnSi3O9 · 2H2O
First published:
1899
Classification of Stokesite
9.DM.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
M : Inosilicates with 6-periodic single chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
M : Inosilicates with 6-periodic single chains
65.5.1.1
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
5 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=6
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
5 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=6
14.12.3
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
12 : Silicates of Sn
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
12 : Silicates of Sn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Sks | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Stokesite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
pearly on {100}
Colour:
Colourless, white, light blue
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {101}
imperfect on {100}
Perfect on {101}
imperfect on {100}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.185 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.211 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Stokesite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.609 nβ = 1.613 nγ = 1.619
2V:
Measured: 69° , Calculated: 66° to 70°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v moderate
Chemistry of Stokesite
Mindat Formula:
CaSn[Si3O9] · 2H2O
Crystallography of Stokesite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnna
Setting:
Pnna
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.465 Å, b = 11.625 Å, c = 5.235 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.244 : 1 : 0.45
Unit Cell V:
880.29 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals, spherical and radial fibrous aggregates.
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0014440 | Stokesite | Vorma A (1963) Crystal structure of stokesite, CaSnSi3O9*2H2O Mineralogical Magazine 33 615-617 | 1963 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.99 Å | (100) |
2.89 Å | (100 broad) |
7.25 Å | (80) |
1.556 Å | (70) |
5.82 Å | (60) |
4.54 Å | (60) |
3.55 Å | (60) |
Comments:
Roscommon Cliff, England.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Stokesite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Cambridge University, England
Geological Setting of Type Material:
On axinite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Hutchinson, A. (1899) On stokesite—a new mineral from cornwall. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 48(294): 480-481.
Other Language Names for Stokesite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
69 photos of Stokesite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
46 photos of Stokesite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
36 photos of Stokesite associated with Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
35 photos of Stokesite associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
22 photos of Stokesite associated with Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | |
15 photos of Stokesite associated with Lepidolite | |
9 photos of Stokesite associated with Microlite Group | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
6 photos of Stokesite associated with Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
5 photos of Stokesite associated with Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
5 photos of Stokesite associated with Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.DM. | Kesebolite-(Ce) | CeCa2Mn(AsO4)(SiO3)3 |
9.DM. | Plumbogaidonnayite | PbZrSi3O9 · 2H2O |
9.DM.10 | Calciohilairite | CaZr[SiO3]3 · 3H2O |
9.DM.10 | Hilairite | Na2Zr[SiO3]3 · 3H2O |
9.DM.10 | Komkovite | BaZr[Si3O9] · 3H2O |
9.DM.10 | Sazykinaite-(Y) | Na5YZr[SiO3]6 · 6H2O |
9.DM.10 | Pyatenkoite-(Y) | Na5YTi[SiO3]6 · 6H2O |
9.DM.15 | Gaidonnayite | Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O |
9.DM.15 | Georgechaoite | NaKZr[Si3O9] · 2H2O |
9.DM.20 | Chkalovite | Na2BeSi2O6 |
9.DM.25 | Vlasovite | Na2ZrSi4O11 |
9.DM.30 | Revdite | Na16Si16O27(OH)26 · 28H2O |
9.DM.35 | Scheuchzerite | Na(Mn,Mg,Zn)9[VSi9O28(OH)](OH)3 |
9.DM.40 | Hydroterskite | Na2ZrSi6O12(OH)6 |
9.DM.40 | Terskite | Na4ZrSi6O16 · 2H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Stokesite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3793.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Stokesite
Reference List:
Hutchinson, A. (1900) On Stokesite, a new mineral containing tin, from Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 12 (57) 274-281 doi:10.1180/minmag.1900.012.57.07
Gay, P., Rickson, K. O. (1960) X-ray data on stokesite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 32 (249). 433-435 doi:10.1180/minmag.1960.032.249.02
Čech, F. (1961) Occurrence of stokesite in Czechoslovakia. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 32 (252). 673-675 doi:10.1180/minmag.1961.032.252.01
Vorma, Atso (1963) Crystal structure of stokesite, CaSnSi3O9·2H2O. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 33 (262) 615-617 doi:10.1180/minmag.1963.033.262.10
Černý, P. (1966) A new Czechoslovak occurrence of stokesite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 35 (274). 835-837 doi:10.1180/minmag.1966.035.274.04
Localities for Stokesite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Urucum claim, Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais, Brazil