Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Formula:
KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
Colour:
Colorless to white; may be pink, light green, or light yellow.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
2.37
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Apophyllite was named in 1806 by Rene Just Haüy from the Greek for "away from" (ἀπό, apo) and "leaf" (φύλλον, phyllos), in allusion to the way it exfoliates upon heating. Chemical variants were recognized by Pete J. Dunn, Roland C. Rouse, and Julie A. Norberg in 1978.
Type Locality:
Fluorapophyllite-(K)-Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Series. The Ca analogue of hydroxymcglassonite-(K).
Mineral name changed from apophyllite-(KOH) to hydroxyapophyllite-(K) (Hatert et al. 2013)
Mineral name changed from apophyllite-(KOH) to hydroxyapophyllite-(K) (Hatert et al. 2013)
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1989
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1989:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b2313fab-7b72-41a4-baf2-633be081f7f4
IMA Classification of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Approved
IMA Formula:
KCa4Si8O20(OH,F) · 8H2O
Classification of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
9.EA.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
A : Single nets of tetrahedra with 4-, 5-, (6-), and 8-membered rings
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
A : Single nets of tetrahedra with 4-, 5-, (6-), and 8-membered rings
17.1.6
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Hapo-K | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Hapk | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Comment:
Vitreous on {100} and pearly on {001}
Colour:
Colorless to white; may be pink, light green, or light yellow.
Streak:
white
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.37 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.36 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.536 - 1.542 nε = 1.537 - 1.543
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.001
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Chemistry of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Mindat Formula:
KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
Common Impurities:
Al,Na
Crystallography of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.978(3) Å, c = 15.83(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.763
Unit Cell V:
1,275.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
Space Group: P4/mnc
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000617 | Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | Rouse R C, Peacor D R, Dunn P J (1978) Hydroxyapophyllite, a new mineral, and a redefinition of the apophyllite group II. Crystal structure American Mineralogist 63 196-202 |  | 1978 | Kimberley, South Africa | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.965 Å | (100) |
| 2.990 Å | (67) |
| 1.588 Å | (26) |
| 4.554 Å | (23) |
| 2.494 Å | (22) |
| 7.90 Å | (13) |
| 7.82 Å | (13) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
| 19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1977,58; Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 14099; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada; Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 115268.
Reference:
Dunn, P.J., Rouse, R.C., Norberg, J. A. (1978) Hydroxyapophyllite, a new mineral and a redefinition of the apophyllite group. American Mineralogist: 63: 196-202.
Synonyms of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Other Language Names for Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
German:Hydroxyapophyllit
Norwegian:Hydroksypofyllitt-(K)
Russian:Гидроксиапофиллит
Апофиллит-(KOH)
Апофиллит-(KOH)
Spanish:Hidroxiapofilita-(K)
Relationship of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) | CsCa4(Si8O20)F · 8H2O | Tet. |
| Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mnc |
| Fluorapophyllite-(Na) | NaCa4(Si8O20)F · 8H2O | Orth. |
| Fluorapophyllite-(NH₄) | NH4Ca4(Si8O20)F · 8H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mnc |
| Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) | KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O | Tet. |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 191 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 82 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Gyrolite | NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O |
| 77 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 76 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Kinoite | Ca2Cu2(H2O)2[Si3O10] |
| 50 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Okenite | Ca10Si18O46 · 18H2O |
| 39 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| 37 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 30 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Inesite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 26 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Bultfonteinite | Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O |
| 25 photos of Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) associated with Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.EA. | Bussyite-(Y) | (Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH,F)34 |
| 9.EA. | Fluorapophyllite-(NH₄) | NH4Ca4(Si8O20)F · 8H2O |
| 9.EA. | Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) | KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O |
| 9.EA.05 | Cuprorivaite | CaCuSi4O10 |
| 9.EA.05 | Gillespite | BaFe2+Si4O10 |
| 9.EA.05 | Effenbergerite | BaCuSi4O10 |
| 9.EA.05 | Wesselsite | SrCuSi4O10 |
| 9.EA.07 | Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) | CsCa4(Si8O20)F · 8H2O |
| 9.EA.10 | Ekanite | Ca2ThSi8O20 |
| 9.EA.15 | Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| 9.EA.15 | Fluorapophyllite-(Na) | NaCa4(Si8O20)F · 8H2O |
| 9.EA.20 | Magadiite | Na2Si14O29 · 11H2O |
| 9.EA.25 | Dalyite | K2ZrSi6O15 |
| 9.EA.25 | Davanite | K2TiSi6O15 |
| 9.EA.30 | Sazhinite-(Ce) | Na2CeSi6O14 · 6H2O |
| 9.EA.30 | Sazhinite-(La) | Na3La[Si6O15] · 2H2O |
| 9.EA.35 | Armstrongite | CaZr[Si6O15] · 3H2O |
| 9.EA.40 | Okenite | Ca10Si18O46 · 18H2O |
| 9.EA.45 | Nekoite | Ca3Si6O15 · 7H2O |
| 9.EA.45 | Perettiite-(Y) | Y2Mn4FeSi2B8O24 |
| 9.EA.45 | Badakhshanite-(Y) | Y2Mn4Al(Si2B7BeO24) |
| 9.EA.47 | Shlykovite | KCa[Si4O9(OH)] · 3H2O |
| 9.EA.50 | Cavansite | Ca(VO)Si4O10 · 4H2O |
| 9.EA.50 | Diegogattaite | Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O |
| 9.EA.52 | Yangite | PbMnSi3O8 · H2O |
| 9.EA.55 | Pentagonite | Ca(VO)Si4O10 · 4H2O |
| 9.EA.60 | Penkvilksite | Na4Ti2Si8O22 · 4H2O |
| 9.EA.60 | Tumchaite | Na2Zr(Si4O11) · 2H2O |
| 9.EA.65 | Nabesite | Na2BeSi4O10 · 4H2O |
| 9.EA.70 | Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 9.EA.75 | Zeravshanite | Na2Cs4Zr3[Si18O45]*2H2O |
| 9.EA.80 | Bussyite-(Ce) | (Ce,REE)3(Na,H2O)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH)30F4 |
| 9.EA.85 | Plumbophyllite | Pb2Si4O10 · H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1989.html
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References for Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Reference List:
Dunn, Pete J., Rouse, Roland C., Norberg, Julie A. (1978) Hydroxyapophyllite, a new mineral, and a redefinition of the apophyllite group I. Description, occurrences, and nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 63 (1-2) 196-198
Wilson, Wendell E., Dunn, Pete J. (1978) Nomenclature revisions in the apophyllite group: hydroxyapophyllite, apophyllite, fluorapophyllite. The Mineralogical Record, 9 (2) 95-98
Rouse, Roland C., Peacor, Donald R., Dunn, Pete J. (1978) Hydroxyapophyllite, a new mineral, and a redefinition of the apophyllite group II. Crystal structure. American Mineralogist, 63 (1-2) 196-202
Frost, Ray L., Xi, Yunfei (2012) Raman spectroscopic study of the minerals apophyllite-(KF) KCa4Si8O20F·8H2O and apophyllite-(KOH) KCa4Si8O20(F,OH)·8H2O. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1028. 200-207 doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.06.005
Localities for Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Hodge-Smith (1924) +2 other references |
| Sutherland et al. (2004) |
| Tschernich (1992) +1 other reference |
| Grguric et al. (2005) |
Austria | |
| Postl (2008) |
| Taucher et al. (2013) |
| Postl et al. (1996) |
Canada | |
| Anton R. Chakhmouradian and Roger H. Mitchell (2001) |
| 166-175. +2 other references |
Chile | |
| Maurizio Dini & Robert Jenkins ... +1 other reference |
China | |
| Möhn et al. (05/2021) |
| Xu Jinsha et al. (2019) |
Czech Republic | |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) |
| Pauliš Petr et al. (2021) |
Finland | |
| Arhe |
| Hytönen (1999) |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| Joel Dyer collection |
Germany | |
| Keck (2008) |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
| Blaß et al. (2012) |
| Blass et al. (2010) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Szár Hill |
| Szakáll & Gatter +1 other reference |
| Szakáll & Gatter |
India | |
| Personal experience-Rock Currier +1 other reference |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data |
| Rock Currier |
| Rock Currier photo | |
Israel | |
| Sokol et al. (2014, November) |
Italy | |
| XRD analysis at Bari University |
| XRD analysis |
| Notiziario del Gruppo mineralogico Valchiusella n.9 anno 2012 pagine 46-47. Apophyllite classificata nell'articolo con l'allora valido nome apophyllite- (KOH) +1 other reference |
| Gemellaro (1856) |
| Garavelli C.L. & Vurro F. (1984) |
| Stoppa F. et al. (2010) +2 other references |
| Carlo Cassinelli infrared spectrum (unpublished data) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin et al. (2010) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza) |
| Boscardin et al. (2000) |
| Boscardin et al. (2000) +2 other references | |
Japan | |
| |
| Momma et al. (2015) |
Kenya | |
| Forti et al. (2003) |
| Paolo Forti - Genetic processes of cave ... | |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
Namibia | |
| ... |
Norway | |
| Larsen (1980) |
| Larsen (1980) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
Romania | |
| www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009) |
| Hîrtopanu P. et al. (2022) |
Russia | |
| Dokuchits et al. (2022) |
| Talovina et al. (2003) |
| Spiridonov et al. (2016) |
| ... |
| Igor Savin data +1 other reference |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| American Mineralogist |
| Von Bezing et al. (1991) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Gutzmer et al. (1993) | |
Spain | |
| Calvo (2018) |
| Cepedal et al. (2021) | |
| Calvo et al. (2013) |
UK | |
| |
| Green et al. (1996) |
Ukraine | |
| Karpenko V. (New Data on Minerals) +1 other reference |
| Tischenko A. data | |
USA | |
| RRUFF Project Specimen ID: R050169 |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Mineralogical Record: 34 (2) |
| www.mindat.org (2012) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| American Mineralogist |
| Betts (n.d.) | |
| Mineralogical Record 9:89-92 |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Chamberlain et al. (1999) |
| Joseph A. Mandarino and Malcolm E. Back +1 other reference |
| Keith Wood |
| Wilson et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| Kearns et al. (2008) |
| Meier et al. (K, Na) |
| Meier et al. (K, Na) |
| Meier et al. (K, Na) |
| Joseph Freillich specimen |
| Meier et al. (K, Na) | |
| Meier et al. (K, Na) | |
| Meier et al. (K, Na) | |
| Meier et al. (K, Na) |
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Centreville, Culpeper Basin, Fairfax County, Virginia, USA