Huttonite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Huttonite
Colin Osborne Hutton
Formula:
ThSiO4
Colour:
Colourless to very pale cream, pale greenish
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
7.1
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1951 by Adolph Pabst in honor of Colin Osborne Hutton [January 10, 1910 Dunedin, New Zealand - December 1, 1971 Stanford, California, USA], geologist with the New Zealand Geological Survey, professor of Mineralogy at the University of Otago, and later professor of mineralogy at Stanford University. Hutton established many of the principles of using heavy detrital minerals in geochemical exploration. Hutton's research, along with that of Frank J. Turner, established the textural basis for classifying schists that is widely used by geologists. Hutton named hydrogrossular.
Dimorph of:
Appears to be the high-temperature modification of ThSiO4 (synthetic crystals form at 1225 +/- 10°C whereas thorite forms below this temperature; Finch et al. 1964).
May belong to monazite-(Ce)-huttonite series.
May belong to monazite-(Ce)-huttonite series.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1955
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1955:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
700de553-f3c6-4e39-88f4-27acb160915b
IMA Classification of Huttonite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Th(SiO4)
First published:
1951
Classification of Huttonite
9.AD.35
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
D : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in [6] and/or greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
D : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in [6] and/or greater coordination
51.5.3.1
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
5 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in >[6] coordination
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
5 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in >[6] coordination
14.11.2
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
11 : Silicates of Th and Hg
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
11 : Silicates of Th and Hg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ht | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Ht | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Huttonite
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless to very pale cream, pale greenish
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN150=318 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001}
{001}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
7.1 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.18 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Huttonite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.898 nβ = 1.900 nγ = 1.922
2V:
Measured: 25° (1)
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.024
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v extreme
Chemistry of Huttonite
Mindat Formula:
ThSiO4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
U,TR,Fe,Mn,Ca,F,OH
Crystallography of Huttonite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.80(3) Å, b = 6.96(3) Å, c = 6.54(3) Å
β = 104.92(16)°
β = 104.92(16)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.977 : 1 : 0.94
Unit Cell V:
299.09 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
Space Group: P21/n : rarely metamict.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009634 | Huttonite | Taylor M, Ewing R C (1978) The crystal structure of the ThSiO4 polymorphs: huttonite and thorite Acta Crystallographica B34 1074-1079 |  | 1978 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.09 Å | (100) |
| 2.89 Å | (90) |
| 4.23 Å | (75) |
| 3.29 Å | (75) |
| 4.71 Å | (60) |
| 4.08 Å | (50) |
| 3.53 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Huttonite
General Appearance of Type Material:
anhedral grains
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Heavy mineral beach detrital sands
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Pabst, A., Hutton, C.O. (1951) Huttonite, a new monoclinic thorium silicate with an account of its occurrence, analysis, and properties. American Mineralogist: 36: 60-69.
Other Language Names for Huttonite
Varieties of Huttonite
| Cerphosphorhuttonite | Intermediate member of Monazite-(Ce) and Huttonite series of solid solutions with Th:LREE and Si:P ratios close to 1:1. |
Relationship of Huttonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m |
| Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) | Mon. 2/m |
| Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) | Mon. 2/m |
| Monazite | REE(PO4) | |
| Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) | Mon. |
| Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) | Mon. 2/m |
| Unnamed (Nd-dominant Gasparite) | NdAsO4 | Mon. 2/m |
Forms a series with:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AD. | Adrianite | Ca12(Al4Mg3Si7)O32Cl6 |
| 9.AD.05 | Larnite | Ca2SiO4 |
| 9.AD.10 | Calcio-olivine | Ca2SiO4 |
| 9.AD.15 | Merwinite | Ca3Mg(SiO4)2 |
| 9.AD.20 | Bredigite | Ca7Mg(SiO4)4 |
| 9.AD.25 | Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Almandine | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Calderite | Mn2+3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Goldmanite | Ca3V3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Henritermierite | Ca3Mn3+2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| 9.AD.25 | Kimzeyite | Ca3Zr2(SiO4)(AlO4)2 |
| 9.AD.25 | Knorringite | Mg3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Majorite | Mg3(MgSi)(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Morimotoite | Ca3(TiFe2+)(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Schorlomite | Ca3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2 |
| 9.AD.25 | Spessartine | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Uvarovite | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Wadalite | (Ca,Mg)6(Al,Fe3+)4((Si,Al)O4)3O4Cl3 |
| 9.AD.25 va | Hydrougrandite | (Ca,Mg,Fe2+)3(Fe3+,Al)2[(OH)4(SiO4)2] |
| 9.AD.25 va | Yamatoite | (Mn2+,Ca)3(V3+,Al)2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Holtstamite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| 9.AD.25 | Khoharite | Mg3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Kerimasite | Ca3Zr2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2 |
| 9.AD.25 | Toturite | Ca3Sn2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2 |
| 9.AD.25 | Momoiite | Mn2+3V3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Eringaite | Ca3Sc2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Irinarassite | Ca3Sn2(SiO4)(AlO4)2 |
| 9.AD.25 | Menzerite-(Y) | (Y2Ca)Mg2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Eltyubyuite | Ca12Fe3+10Si4O32Cl6 |
| 9.AD.25 | Blythite | Mn2+3Mn3+2[SiO4]3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Skiagite | Fe2+3Fe3+2[SiO4]3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Hutcheonite | Ca3Ti2(SiO4)(AlO4)2 |
| 9.AD.25 | UM1984-37-SiO:CrMn | Mn2+3Cr3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.25 | Rubinite | Ca3Ti3+2Si3O12 |
| 9.AD.25 | Nikmelnikovite | Ca12(Fe2+Fe3+3Al3◻)[SiO4]6[◻(OH)4]5◻4 |
| 9.AD.30 va | Auerlite | near Th(Si,P)O4 |
| 9.AD.30 | Coffinite | U(SiO4) · nH2O |
| 9.AD.30 | Hafnon | HfSiO4 |
| 9.AD.30 | Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| 9.AD.30 | Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| 9.AD.30 | Stetindite-(Ce) | Ce(SiO4) |
| 9.AD.35 | Tombarthite-(Y) | Y4(Si,H4)4O12-x(OH)4+2x |
| 9.AD.40 | Eulytine | Bi4(SiO4)3 |
| 9.AD.45 | Reidite | ZrSiO4 |
| 9.AD.55 | Jeffbenite | Mg3Al2Si3O12 |
Fluorescence of Huttonite
Fluoresces dull white with a pink tinge under SW UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Huttonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1955.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Huttonite
Reference List:
Kucha, H. (1980) Continuity in the Monazite-Huttonite Series. Mineralogical Magazine: 43: 1031-1034.
Della Ventura, Giancarlo, Mottana, Annibale, Parodi, Gian Carlo, Raudsepp, Mati, Bellatreccia, Fabio, Caprilli, Enrico, Rossi, Paolo, Fiori, Salvatore (1996) Monazite-huttonite solid-solutions from the Vico Volcanic Complex, Latium, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 60 (402) 751-758 doi:10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.04
Localities for Huttonite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Lehrmann (2012) |
| Wülser et al. (2011) |
| Eagle (2009) |
Canada | |
| TRAILL (1983) |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
Egypt | |
| Mohamed (2013) |
| Abed et al. (2022) |
Finland | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data |
| Ani et al. (2013) |
| Hytönen (1999) |
| Al-Ani et al. (2018) |
Germany | |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Blass +1 other reference | |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Blass +1 other reference |
Greece | |
| Vasilatos et al. (2023) |
Hungary | |
| Kohút et al. (2019) |
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| ... |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Zaccarini et al. (2005) |
| Orlandi (2011) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| |
Mexico | |
| Prol-Ledesma et al. (2012) |
Nepal | |
| Aaron J. Martin et al. (2009) |
New Zealand (TL) | |
| Pabst (1950) +2 other references |
Poland | |
| Kucha (2021) +1 other reference |
| Kucha (2021) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Magazine +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Samples collected by Luigi Chiappino ... +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Konev et al. (1996) |
| Am Min 90:1402-1412 (deposit item) |
| webmineral.ru (2016) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Korostelev et al. (2016) |
| ... |
Slovakia | |
| Uher P. et al. (2018) |
South Africa | |
| Mitchell et al. (2004) |
Sweden | |
| |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
UK | |
| LeBoutillier et al. (2003) |
USA | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Falster et al. (1996) |
Quick NavTopAbout HuttoniteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesVarietiesRelationshipsStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Água de Pau Volcano, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal