Grossite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Grossite
Shulamit Gross
Formula:
CaAl4O7
Colour:
White to colourless; violet (Ardit et al., 2021)
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
2.88 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by D. Weber and A. Bischoff in 1994 in honour of Shulamit Gross (1 October 1923, Grodno, Poland (now Belarus) - 19 September 2012), geologist, mineralogist, and emeritus member of the Geological Survey of Israel. She did a lot of early work on the the Hatrurim Formation, showing that many of the minerals formed by pyrometamorphism. In 1977 she published "The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel" a monograph describing 123 mineral species discovered in the Hatrurim Formation. She discovered and described bentorite, ye’elimite, and hatrurite. She first discovered the natural mineral. The mineral shulamitite is also named for her.
Grossite is the natural counterpart of the synthetic compound Ca-dialuminate (CaAl4O7).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1754
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1754:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
173549c5-3589-40ba-8740-fdb09153ae04
IMA Classification of Grossite
Classification of Grossite
4.CC.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
7.3.2.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
3 : (AB)10X14
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
3 : (AB)10X14
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Gss | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Grossite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White to colourless; violet (Ardit et al., 2021)
Streak:
White
Density:
2.88 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Grossite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.618(3) nβ = 1.618(3) nγ = 1.652(3)
2V:
Measured: 12° (1), Calculated: 15.5°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.034
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
noticable
Comments:
Optical data from synthetic Ca-dialuminate.
Chemistry of Grossite
Mindat Formula:
CaAl4O7
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| SiO2 | 0.1 % |
| TiO2 | 0.1 % |
| Al2O3 | 78.2 % |
| V2O3 | 0.3 % |
| MgO | 0.1 % |
| CaO | 21.4 % |
| Na2O | 0.1 % |
| Total: | 100.3 % |
Sample references:
Crystallography of Grossite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.94(1) Å, b = 8.910(8) Å, c = 5.446(4) Å
β = 107.0(1)°
β = 107.0(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.452 : 1 : 0.611
Unit Cell V:
600.1 ų
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009210 | Grossite | Boyko E R, Wisnyi L G (1958) The optical properties and structures of CaO*2Al2O3 and SrO*2Al2O3 Acta Crystallographica 11 444-445 |  | 1958 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0017823 | Grossite | Goodwin D W, Lindop A J (1970) The crystal structure of CaO.2Al2O3 Acta Crystallographica B26 1230-1235 | | 1970 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.460 Å | (43) |
| 3.609 Å | (13) |
| 3.515 Å | (100) |
| 2.882 Å | (13) |
| 2.605 Å | (36) |
| 2.440 Å | (21) |
| 1.764 Å | (20) |
Comments:
Meteoritic grossite (Acfer 182 meteorite).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 1: Primary nebular phases | 4.567-4.561 |
| 3 : Solar nebular condensates (CAIs, AOAs, URIs) | >4.565 |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
Geological Setting:
In Ca–Al-rich inclusions of meteorites thought formed by condensation from a hot gas or molten droplets.
Type Occurrence of Grossite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Lath-like or rounded grains.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Institute for Planetology, Munster.
Natural History Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
Natural History Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In argillaceous limestones metamorphosed at high temperature and low pressure.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Grossite
Other Language Names for Grossite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 6 photos of Grossite associated with Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| 5 photos of Grossite associated with Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 |
| 5 photos of Grossite associated with Vanadium | V |
| 2 photos of Grossite associated with Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| 1 photo of Grossite associated with Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| 1 photo of Grossite associated with Gehlenite | Ca2Al[AlSiO7] |
| 1 photo of Grossite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 1 photo of Grossite associated with Kishonite | VH2 |
| 1 photo of Grossite associated with Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CC. | Xuite | Ca3Fe3+2[(AlO3(OH)]3 |
| 4.CC. | Allendeite | Sc4Zr3O12 |
| 4.CC. | Bitikleite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3 |
| 4.CC. | Yttriaite-(Y) | Y2O3 |
| 4.CC. | Chlorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2] |
| 4.CC. | Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| 4.CC. | Heamanite-(Ce) | (K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3 |
| 4.CC. | Priscillagrewite-(Y) | (Ca2Y)Zr2(AlO4)3 |
| 4.CC. | Saranovskite | SrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC. | Botuobinskite | SrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2] |
| 4.CC. | Mirnyite | SrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Haitaite-(La) | LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Shagamite | KFe11O17 |
| 4.CC.05 | Chrombismite | Bi3+16Cr6+O27 |
| 4.CC.10 | Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluormayenite | Ca12Al14O32F2 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2] |
| 4.CC.17 | Goldschmidtite | KNbO3 |
| 4.CC.20 | Chlormayenite | Ca12Al14O32[◻4Cl2] |
| 4.CC.20 | Unnamed (HBU UK-4) | NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Paseroite | PbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Mianningite | (◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU | ~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38 |
| 4.CC.22 | Kahlenbergite | KAl11O17 |
| 4.CC.22 | Gorerite | CaAlFe3+11O19 |
| 4.CC.25 | Yafsoanite | Ca3Te6+2(ZnO4)3 |
| 4.CC.25 | Nixonite | Na2Ti6O13 |
| 4.CC.30 | Latrappite | Ca2NbFe3+O6 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lueshite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Natroniobite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Barioperovskite | BaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lakargiite | Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Megawite | CaSnO3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Usturite | Ca3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Elbrusite | Ca3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Dzhuluite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Monteneveite | Ca3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12 |
| 4.CC.35 | Loparite-(Ce) | (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 |
| 4.CC.35 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Tausonite | SrTiO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Isolueshite | (Na,La)NbO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Panguite | (Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3 |
| 4.CC.37 | Pauloabibite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.40 | Crichtonite | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(Y) | (La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical) |
| 4.CC.40 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Lindsleyite | (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Loveringite | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Mathiasite | (Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12 |
| 4.CC.40 | Senaite | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Uhligite | Ca3(Ti,Al,Zr)9O20 ? |
| 4.CC.40 | Dessauite-(Y) | (Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Cleusonite | (Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Gramaccioliite-(Y) | (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.45 | Diaoyudaoite | NaAl11O17 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hawthorneite | BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Lindqvistite | Pb2Mn2+Fe16O27 |
| 4.CC.45 | Magnetoplumbite | (Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Plumboferrite | Pb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Yimengite | K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Haggertyite | BaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Nežilovite | PbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Batiferrite | BaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Chihuahuaite | FeAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Barioferrite | BaFe3+12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Kangite | (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 |
| 4.CC.45 | Mizraite-(Ce) | Ce(Al11Mg)O19 |
| 4.CC.50 | Jeppeite | (K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13 |
| 4.CC.55 | Zenzénite | Pb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15 |
| 4.CC.60 | Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.) | (Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29 |
Fluorescence of Grossite
Non-fluorescent.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Grossite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1754.html
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References for Grossite
Reference List:
Localities for Grossite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| Weber et al. (1992, March) +1 other reference |
| Anorthite +2 other references |
| Weber D (1994) |
Antarctica | |
| Kojima et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| American Mineralogist |
Argentina | |
| Cámara et al. (2019) |
| Färber (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Australia | |
| Weber et al. (1994) |
| Dietmar Weber & Adolf Bischoff (1994) |
China | |
| Wang et al. (2009) |
France | |
| Hewins (2014) |
Israel | |
| Bindi et al. (2020) |
| Ma et al. (2023) | |
| Griffin et al. (2019) +1 other reference | |
Italy | |
| Weber et al. (1994) +2 other references |
Kazakhstan | |
| Weber et al. (1994) |
Mexico | |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
Middle East (TL) | |
| Gross (1977) |
Morocco | |
| Ivanova et al. (2002) |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
| Stuart A. Sweeney Smith (2010) | |
Oman | |
| Zhang et al. (2009) |
Russia | |
| Ivanova et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Rappenglück (2022) |
USA | |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
| Grossite +1 other reference |
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Tamanrasset Province, Algeria