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Fluorapatite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Donald A Dallaire
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About FluorapatiteHide

Formula:
Ca5(PO4)3F
Colour:
Colourless to white when pure, also green, blue, pink, yellow, brown, violet, purple.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
3.1 - 3.25
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Renamed in 1860 from the original apatite of Abraham Werner by Carl F. Rammelsberg to emphasize the chemical composition. Apatite is from the Greek ἀπατάω (apatao), to deceive, as apatite was often confused with other minerals (e.g. beryl, milarite). Rammelsberg added the "Fluor-" prefix in allusion to the dominance of fluorine in the composition. See Weiss (2012) and Meier (2013) for the nomenclature history of apatite.
Apatite Group.
The fluorine analogue of chlorapatite and hydroxylapatite, phosphate analogue of svabite. The Ca5 analogue of belovite-(Ce), belovite-(La), and kuannersuite-(Ce). Note that the five cation sites are non-equivalent and substituents in the larger three sites preferentially accommodate larger cations.

Fluorapatite is by far the most common species in the apatite group. It occurs in almost all igneous rocks, during initial phases of paragenesis, as an accessory mineral, commonly in microscopic crystals, and may occur as very large bodies as late-magmatic segregations in alkaline igneous rocks. Also occurs crystallized in pegmatitic facies of acidic and basic types of igneous rocks. Common in magnetite deposits, and in hydrothermal veins, particularly those formed at high temperatures, and in Alpine cleft-type veins.

Fluorapatite may be confused with beryl, milarite or phenakite.




Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1572
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1572:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
9c0a7dda-21e0-4d78-938d-2356cc183767

IMA Classification of FluorapatiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of FluorapatiteHide

8.BN.05

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
N : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.33:1
41.8.1.1

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : A5(XO4)3Zq
22.1.9

22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
1 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with fluoride

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
FapIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
FapThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of FluorapatiteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of FluorapatiteHide

Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Opaque
Colour:
Colourless to white when pure, also green, blue, pink, yellow, brown, violet, purple.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
Hardness Data:
Mohs hardness reference species
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Indistinct (0001) and (1010)
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.1 - 3.25 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.18 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of FluorapatiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.631 - 1.650 nε = 1.627 - 1.646
Birefringence:
0.004
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.004
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Weak to strong in coloured crystals:
Colour: .Violet .........Pale Green .............Yellow ..............Blue
O = ..Deep violet .....Pale yellow ..Yellow-brown ......Sky-blue
E = ..Red-violet .Pale blue-green ..Dark green ...Green-blue
Comments:
Refractive index increases with diminished fluorine content.

Chemistry of FluorapatiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca5(PO4)3F
Common Impurities:
OH,Cl,TR,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Y,Er,Mn

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:
 1
SO30.01 %
P2O541.57 %
As2O50.03 %
SiO20.20 %
Y2O30.01 %
La2O30.11 %
Ce2O30.34 %
Nd2O30.12 %
Gd2O30.01 %
FeO*0.31 %
MnO1.52 %
CaO53.61 %
SrO0.21 %
PbO0.01 %
Na2O0.04 %
F2.92 %
Cl0.14 %
[H2O] (by stoichiometry)0.35 %
-O=(F+Cl)-1.26 %
Total:100.25 %
Empirical formulas:
Sample IDEmpirical Formula
1(Ca4.84Mn2+0.11FeT0.02Sr0.01Na0.01Ce0.01)[P0.993Si0.007O4]3(F0.81[OH]0.16Cl0.03)
Sample references:
IDLocalityReferenceNotes
1Nippyo mine, Awano, Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japanscattered small (10-20 micron) grains, primarily in the quartz-spessartine-[proto-ferro-suenoite]-rich portions of a Mn-rich metasomatite. Empirical formula is the average of two analyses.

Crystallography of FluorapatiteHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/m
Setting:
P63/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.3973 Å, c = 6.8782 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.732
Unit Cell V:
526.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals short to long hexagonal prisms [0001], with {1010} and {1011} dominant; also thick tabular {0001}, frequently in the crystals of hydrothermal origin in pegmatites and veins, with {1010}, relatively large {0001}, and often also {1011} or low pyramids. Massive, coarse granular to compact.
Twinning:
Rare contact twins on {1121}. Twin plane {1013} rare. Also twinning reported on {1010} and {1123}.
Comment:
May be space group P21/b.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0001256FluorapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1989) Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites American Mineralogist 74 870-8761989Durango Mexico0293
0001290FluorapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1990) Crystal structures of natural ternary apatites: Solid solution in the Ca5(PO4)3X (X = F,OH,Cl) system American Mineralogist 75 295-30419900293
0001372FluorapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Mariano A N (1991) Rare-earth-element ordering and structural variations in natural rare-earth-bearing apatites sample from Pajarito, New Mexico American Mineralogist 76 1165-117319910293
0001373FluorapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Mariano A N (1991) Rare-earth-element ordering and structural variations in natural rare-earth-bearing apatites sample from Kipawa, Quebec American Mineralogist 76 1165-117319910293
0001374FluorapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Mariano A N (1991) Rare-earth-element ordering and structural variations in natural rare-earth-bearing apatites sample from the Oka carbonatite American Mineralogist 76 1165-117319910293
0001421FluorapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1991) Ordering of divalent cations in the apatite structure: Crystal structure refinements of natural Mn- and Sr-bearing apatite sample Sr.63 American Mineralogist 76 1857-186219910293
0001422FluorapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1991) Ordering of divalent cations in the apatite structure: Crystal structure refinements of natural Mn- and Sr-bearing apatite sample Sr.29 American Mineralogist 76 1857-186219910293
0001423FluorapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1991) Ordering of divalent cations in the apatite structure: Crystal structure refinements of natural Mn- and Sr-bearing apatite sample Mn1.21 American Mineralogist 76 1857-186219910293
0001424FluorapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1991) Ordering of divalent cations in the apatite structure: Crystal structure refinements of natural Mn- and Sr-bearing apatite sample Mn.42 American Mineralogist 76 1857-186219910293
0001723FluorapatiteFleet M E, Pan Y (1995) Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite American Mineralogist 80 329-33519950293
0001724FluorapatiteFleet M E, Pan Y (1995) Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite American Mineralogist 80 329-33519950293
0001725FluorapatiteFleet M E, Pan Y (1995) Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite American Mineralogist 80 329-33519950293
0001726FluorapatiteFleet M E, Pan Y (1995) Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite American Mineralogist 80 329-33519950293
0001934FluorapatiteFleet M E, Pan Y (1997) Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite: Binary (LREE+HREE)- substituted crystals American Mineralogist 82 870-87719970293
0001935FluorapatiteFleet M E, Pan Y (1997) Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite: Binary (LREE+HREE)- substituted crystals American Mineralogist 82 870-87719970293
0001936FluorapatiteFleet M E, Pan Y (1997) Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite: Binary (LREE+HREE)- substituted crystals American Mineralogist 82 870-87719970293
0001937FluorapatiteFleet M E, Pan Y (1997) Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite: Binary (LREE+HREE)- substituted crystals American Mineralogist 82 870-87719970293
0003527FluorapatiteHughes J M, Ertl A, Bernhardt H J, Rossman G R, Rakovan J F (2004) Mn-rich fluorapatite from Autria: Crystal structure, chemical analysis, and spectroscopic investigations American Mineralogist 89 629-63220040293
0004514FluorapatiteMcCubbin F M, Mason H E, Park H, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Nekvasil H, Lindsley D H (2008) Synthesis and characterization of low-OH- fluor-chlorapatite: a single-crystal XRD and NMR spectroscopic study American Mineralogist 93 210-2162008synthetic0293
0004637FluorapatiteFleet M E, Liu X (2008) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in fluorapatite synthesized at high pressure American Mineralogist 93 1460-14692008synthetic0293
0004638FluorapatiteFleet M E, Liu X (2008) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in fluorapatite synthesized at high pressure American Mineralogist 93 1460-14692008synthetic0293
0004639FluorapatiteFleet M E, Liu X (2008) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in fluorapatite synthesized at high pressure American Mineralogist 93 1460-14692008synthetic0293
0004837FluorapatiteLuo Y, Hughes J M, Rakovan J, Pan Y (2009) Site preference of U and Th in Cl, F, and Sr apatites American Mineralogist 94 345-3512009synthetic0293
0004839FluorapatiteLuo Y, Hughes J M, Rakovan J, Pan Y (2009) Site preference of U and Th in Cl, F, and Sr apatites American Mineralogist 94 345-3512009synthetic0293
0005688FluorapatiteRakovan J F, Hughes J M (2000) Strontium in the apatite structure: Strontian fluorapatite and belovite-(Ce) The Canadian Mineralogist 38 839-84520000293
0008534FluorapatiteComodi P, Liu Y, Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M (2001) Structural and vibrational behaviour of fluorapatite with pressure. Part 1: in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 28 219-22420010.0001293
0008535FluorapatiteComodi P, Liu Y, Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M (2001) Structural and vibrational behaviour of fluorapatite with pressure. Part 1: in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 28 219-22420013.04293
0008536FluorapatiteComodi P, Liu Y, Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M (2001) Structural and vibrational behaviour of fluorapatite with pressure. Part 1: in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 28 219-22420014.72293
0017946FluorapatiteNaray-Szabo S (1930) The structure of apatite (Ca F) Ca4 (P O4)3 _cod_database_code 1011044 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 75 387-39819300293
0017911FluorapatiteHendricks S, Jefferson M, Mosley V (1932) The Crystal Structures of Some Natural and Synthetic Apatite-Like Substances _cod_database_code 1010996 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 81 352-36919320293
0017528FluorapatiteBale W (1940) A comparative Roentgen-ray diffraction study of several natural apatites and the apatite-like constituent of bone and tooth substance _cod_database_code 1010647 American Journal of Roentgenology 43 735-74719400293
0020482FluorapatiteHughes J M, Fransolet A M, Schreyer W (1993) The atomic arrangement of iron-bearing apatite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1993 504-5101993Northampton Block, Western Australia0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Epitaxial Relationships of FluorapatiteHide

Epitaxial Minerals:
Epitaxy Comments:
Needle-like rutile crystals included in the apatite with the c-axes of the two species parallel; Monazite in oriented inclusions; Carbonate-fluorapatite enclosing fluorapatite.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.442 Å(40)
2.800 Å(100)
2.772 Å(55)
2.702 Å(60)
2.624 Å(30)
1.937 Å(25)
1.837 Å(30)
Comments:
Synthetic

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Most common rock forming phosphate. Accessory mineral in most igneous rocks with important concentrations in carbonatites. Common in marbles and skarns. Major mineral in sedimentary phosphorites.

Type Occurrence of FluorapatiteHide

Synonyms of FluorapatiteHide

Other Language Names for FluorapatiteHide

Varieties of FluorapatiteHide

Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteA variety of fluorapatite with carbonate group (CO3) substituting for some of the phosphate (PO4) groups.
CuproapatiteVariety of Fluorapatite containing 20 wt.% CuO (possibly a mixture).
Originally reported from Minillas Mine, Tambillos mining District, La Serena, Elqui Province, Coquimbo Region, Chile.
ManganapatiteA variety of fluorapatite containing divalent Mn was called manganapatite. Manganapatite is usually a medium to dark green, cloudy translucent, rarely transparent, and fluorescent in UV. Unit-cell dimensions are slightly smaller than pure fluorapatite, wh...
Manganese-bearing FluorapatiteA high valence manganese-bearing variety of fluorapatite, generally containing Mn5+. The name "manganapatite" has been incorrectly applied to this variety.

When Mn2+ and, probably some divalent Fe, replaces Ca, the resulting colour may be dull green (McC...
Saamite (of Volkova & Melentiev)A strontium- and REE-bearing fluorapatite from the Kola peninsula with SrO contents of around 10 mass% and LREE2O3 about 12 mass%. The usual ore apatite of Khibina with SrO ~5 mass% and REE2O3 ~2 mass% is not considered as saamite.

Might be partly fluorc...
Soda-DehrniteA sodian variety of 'Dehrnite' (Carbonate Fluorapatite).
Strontium-bearing ApatiteUsually used for a Sr-bearing variety of (fluor)apatite, not the Sr analogue of fluorapatite (stronadelphite) itself, or Sr-rich intermediates like fluorsigaiite and fluorstrophite, but may include fluorcaphite.

Also called Sr-apatite.
SulphatapatitPresumably a sulfate-bearing fluorapatite.

Relationship of Fluorapatite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
AlforsiteBa5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ChlorapatiteCa5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
FluoralforsiteBa5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P6/m
FluorpyromorphitePb5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
HydroxylpyromorphitePb5(PO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
JohnbaumiteCa5(AsO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
MimetitePb5(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
OxypyromorphitePb10(PO4)6O
PieczkaiteMn5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
PliniusiteCa5(VO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
StronadelphiteSr5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
SvabiteCa5(AsO4)3FHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
TurneaureiteCa5(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite)Pb5(AsO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
VanadinitePb5(VO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1,649 photos of Fluorapatite associated with QuartzSiO2
1,330 photos of Fluorapatite associated with MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
1,003 photos of Fluorapatite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
809 photos of Fluorapatite associated with SideriteFeCO3
797 photos of Fluorapatite associated with CalciteCaCO3
392 photos of Fluorapatite associated with FluoriteCaF2
360 photos of Fluorapatite associated with PyriteFeS2
312 photos of Fluorapatite associated with ArsenopyriteFeAsS
198 photos of Fluorapatite associated with MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
193 photos of Fluorapatite associated with SchorlNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.BN.AraditeBaCa6[(SiO4)(VO4)](VO4)2FTrig. 3m : R3m
8.BN.MagganasiteCuFe3+3O(AsO4)3Tric. 1 : P1
8.BN.FluorpyromorphitePb5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.FluorsigaiiteCa2Sr3(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.FluoralforsiteBa5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P6/m
8.BN.05AlforsiteBa5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Belovite-(Ce)NaCeSr3(PO4)3FTrig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05ChlorapatiteCa5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Mimetite-MPb5(AsO4)3ClMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.BN.05Johnbaumite-MCa5(AsO4)3OHMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.BN.05HedyphaneCa2Pb3(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
8.BN.05HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05JohnbaumiteCa5(AsO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05MimetitePb5(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05MorelanditeCa2Ba3(AsO4)3ClHex.
8.BN.05OxypyromorphitePb10(PO4)6O
8.BN.05PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05FluorstrophiteSrCaSr3(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05SvabiteCa5(AsO4)3FHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
8.BN.05TurneaureiteCa5(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05VanadinitePb5(VO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Belovite-(La)NaLaSr3(PO4)3FTrig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05Deloneite(Na0.5REE0.25Ca0.25)(Ca0.75REE0.25)Sr1.5(CaNa0.25REE0.25)(PO4)3F0.5(OH)0.5Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05FluorcaphiteSrCaCa3(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05 vaGermanate-pyromorphitePb5(PO4)2GeO4
8.BN.05Kuannersuite-(Ce)NaCeBa3(PO4)3F0.5Cl0.5Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05Hydroxylapatite-MCa5(PO4)3OHMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.BN.05PhosphohedyphaneCa2Pb3(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05HydroxylpyromorphitePb5(PO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
8.BN.05StronadelphiteSr5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05FluorphosphohedyphaneCa2Pb3(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Carlgieseckeite-(Nd)NaNdCa3(PO4)3FTrig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05VanackeritePb4Cd(AsO4)3ClTrig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05Miyahisaite(Sr,Ca)2Ba3(PO4)3F Hex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite)Pb5(AsO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05PieczkaiteMn5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05HydroxylhedyphaneCa2Pb3(AsO4)3(OH)Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05PliniusiteCa5(VO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05ParafiniukiteCa2Mn3(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.10ArctiteNa2Ca4(PO4)3FTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
8.BN.15GoryainoviteCa2(PO4)ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm

Fluorescence of FluorapatiteHide

Often fluorescent bright yellow or blue white and phosphorescent, especially the manganoan varieties.

The REEs-doped FAp powders synthesized by hydrothermal methods produce fluorescence of different wavelengths. Er-, Eu-, Pr-, Ho-, and Yb-doped FAps can, respectively, emit blue, orange, red, orange, red, and green light under the excitation of ultraviolet light (250 nm). Compared with the Pr/Sm/Gd/Ho/Yb-doped FAps, Er/Eu-doped FAps exhibit high fluorescence intensity, attributed to their small lattice distortion, big grain size and suitable doping concentration.

Other InformationHide

Electrical:
Non-piezoelectric
Thermal Behaviour:
Strongly thermoluminescent at times.
Notes:
Soluble in HCl or in HNO3. Varieties containing CO3 may dissolve with slight effervescence.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Source of phosphorus.

Internet Links for FluorapatiteHide

References for FluorapatiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for FluorapatiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListShow

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