Allanite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Allanite-(Ce)
Formula:
(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.
Colour:
Brown to black
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.5 - 4.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1810 by Thomas Thomson for Thomas Allan (17 July 1777, Edinburgh, Scotland - 12 September 1833, Morpeth, Northumberland, England), Scottish banker and mineralogist, who first observed the mineral. The Levinson rule suffix, -(Ce), was later added to designate this species as the Ce-dominant member among all allanites.
Type Locality:
Allanite Group of the Epidote Supergroup.
Often forms solid solutions with epidote. May also exist in a solid solution with CaCeAl2(Fe3+2/3□1/3)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) phase (Guastoni et al., 2017).
The Ca analogue of uedaite-(Ce).
Beryllium-rich varieties are known from the Polish Karkonosze Mts.
Compare UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE.
Often forms solid solutions with epidote. May also exist in a solid solution with CaCeAl2(Fe3+2/3□1/3)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) phase (Guastoni et al., 2017).
The Ca analogue of uedaite-(Ce).
Beryllium-rich varieties are known from the Polish Karkonosze Mts.
Compare UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
125
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:125:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
2af9a608-6dec-497b-a43a-0a0190ec1ebe
IMA Classification of Allanite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
CaCe(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)
First published:
1812
Approval history:
Renamed as allanite-(Ce) by IMA in 1987.
Classification of Allanite-(Ce)
9.BG.05b
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 7th ed.:
58.2.1.1
58.2.1a.1
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
16.13.5
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
13 : Aluminosilicates of the rare earths
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
13 : Aluminosilicates of the rare earths
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Aln-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Aln | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Aln | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Aln | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Aln | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Allanite-(Ce)
Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Brown to black
Comment:
brown or green in thin section
Streak:
Brown, greyish
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Imperfect on {001} ; poor on {100} and {110}
Imperfect on {001} ; poor on {100} and {110}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.5 - 4.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.11 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Allanite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.715 - 1.791 nβ = 1.718 - 1.815 nγ = 1.733 - 1.822
2V:
Measured: 40° to 80°, Calculated: 50° to 56°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.018 - 0.031
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
distinct to strong
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = pale olive-green, reddish brown; Y = dark brown, brownish yellow; Z = dark reddish brown, greenish brown.
Comments:
Metamict allanites are isotropic with N as low as 1.61.
Chemistry of Allanite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.
Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.
Crystallography of Allanite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.927 Å, b = 5.761 Å, c = 10.15 Å
β = 114.77°
β = 114.77°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.55 : 1 : 1.762
Unit Cell V:
473.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals tabular parallel to {100}, or prismatic to acicular parallel to [010] , to 90 cm; granular, massive.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic, common on {100} .
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000227 | Allanite-(Ce) | Dollase W A (1971) Refinement of the crystal structures of epidote, allanite and hancockite American Mineralogist 56 447-464 | 1971 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.920 Å | (100) |
2.714 Å | (66) |
3.53 Å | (43) |
2.627 Å | (41) |
2.182 Å | (36) |
2.886 Å | (28) |
2.158 Å | (23) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
Near-surface Processes | |
26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
A common accessory mineral in many igneous rocks, particularly those that are felsic, and metamorphosed igneous rocks. Also in pegmatites, skarns, and tactites. Not common in volcanic rocks. A detrital mineral.
Type Occurrence of Allanite-(Ce)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 5, 6; The Natural History Museum, London, England, 94377.
Reference:
Thomson, T. (1810) Experiments on allanite, a new mineral from Greenland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: 8: 371-386.
Synonyms of Allanite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Allanite-(Ce)
Varieties of Allanite-(Ce)
Bagrationite (of Koksharov) | Morphological variety of dipyramidal Allanite-(Ce) close to Bucklandite (of Hermann). The first description of the variety was made by N.I. Koksharov in 1847 from Akhmatovskaya Kop' (Southern Ural). |
Chromium-bearing Allanite-(Ce) | Variety of Allanite-(Ce) with content of Cr2O3 up to 7.5 mass%. |
Gallium-bearing Allanite-(Ce) | A unique Ga-rich variety, surrounding cores of Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote). Contains up to 11 wt.% Ga2O3. |
Nagatelite | Phosphate-rich variety of allanite-(Ce). |
Relationship of Allanite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Allanite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Allanite-(Nd) | (CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Allanite-(Y) | (CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. |
Androsite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
Dissakisite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Dissakisite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriallanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Manganiakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Manganiandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Manganiandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Uedaite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE | (Ca0.5◻0.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
UM1994-25-SiO:AlCaFeHREEV | (CaREE)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
UM2006-14-SiO:AlCaHMnREE | (CaCe)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
Unnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
Unnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
Vanadoallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
91 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
47 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Yttrofluorite | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x |
41 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
38 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
37 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
34 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
34 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
23 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
22 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
22 photos of Allanite-(Ce) associated with Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.BG. | Shuiskite-(Cr) | Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
9.BG. | Alnaperbøeite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce2.5Na0.5)(AlAl2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG. | Magnesiovesuvianite | Ca19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
9.BG. | Alumovesuvianite | Ca19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
9.BG. | Zoisite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG. | Vielleaureite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG. | Heflikite | (CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG. | Zilbermintsite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Y) | (CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Dissakisite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Dollaseite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Hancockite | (CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Khristovite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Mukhinite | (CaCa)(AlAlV3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Manganiandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Tweddillite | (CaSr)(Mn3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Niigataite | (CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Manganiandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Dissakisite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Uedaite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Nd) | (CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Unnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Unnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Åskagenite-(Nd) | (Mn2+Nd)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O |
9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Vanadoallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Ferriandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Androsite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a v | Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote) | (CaCa)(AlAlGa3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE | (Ca0.5◻0.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Manganiakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.9.BG. | Ferriakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.9.BG. | Ferriandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.9.BG | Ferriperbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.10 | Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.15 | Macfallite | Ca2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
9.BG.15 | Sursassite | Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
9.BG.20 | Okhotskite | Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) | Ca2Mn2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Shuiskite-(Mg) | Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Al) | Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Poppiite | Ca2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Mg) | Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
9.BG.25 | Ganomalite | Pb9Ca5Mn(Si2O7)4(SiO4)O |
9.BG.25 | Wayneburnhamite | Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3 |
9.BG.30 | Rustumite | Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2 |
9.BG.35 | Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Wiluite | Ca19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Fluorvesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Hongheite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg)8(◻4)B[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH,O)9 |
9.BG.35 | Milanriederite | (Ca18[REE])Fe3+Al4(Mg4Al4)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Manaevite-(Ce) | (Ca13Ce4[H2O]2)Mg(Al3Mg)(Mg3Ti3Fe3+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2]O(OH)9 |
9.BG.40 | Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | (Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7 |
9.BG.45 | Dellaite | Ca6Si3O11(OH)2 |
9.BG.50 | Gatelite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.50 | Ferriperbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.55 | Västmanlandite-(Ce) | CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2 |
9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite-(Ce) | (CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite Group | (CaM5)([Fe3+Al3]Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Allanite-(Ce)
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References for Allanite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Marble, John Putnam (1940) Allanite from Barringer Hill, Llano County, Texas. American Mineralogist, 25 (3) 168-173
Dollase, W. A. (1971) Refinement of the crystal structures of epidote, allanite, and hancockite. American Mineralogist, 56 (3-4) 447-464
Fleischer, M. (1985) A summary of the variations in relative abundance of the lanthanides and yttrium in allanites and epidotes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 57 (1). 151-155 doi:10.17741/bgsf/57.1-2.012
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Armbruster, Thomas, Bonazzi, Paola, Akasaka, Masahide, Bermanec, Vladimir, Chopin, Christian, Gieré, Reto, Heuss-Assbichler, Soraya, Liebscher, Axel, Menchetti, Silvio, Pan, Yuanming, Pasero, Marco (2006) Recommended nomenclature of epidote-group minerals. European Journal of Mineralogy, 18 (5) 551-567 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0551
Localities for Allanite-(Ce)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| Hadj-Kaddour et al. (1998) |
Argentina | |
| LOCATI +1 other reference |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
| D. Harries collection (EMPA) |
Urbina Nilda +1 other reference | |
Lira et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini) | |
| Ribacki et al. (2023) |
Ribacki et al. (2023) | |
Australia | |
| Worner et al. (et al) |
Carr et al. (2008) | |
| Oliver et al. (1999) |
| Day +1 other reference |
Costas Constantinides collection | |
| Wulser PA et al. U-Th-REE mobility in ... |
| Peter Elliott (unpublished analyses) |
| South Australia Mine dep. database (PIRSA) |
| Bottrill et al. (2021) |
| Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection |
| Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection |
| |
| Calderwood +3 other references |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
| H. Meixner: 32 (3) |
| W. Postl: Carinthia II 186./106.:135-138 (1996) |
| Brandstätter et al. (1987) |
| Ferenczi et al. (2018) |
| SEM-EDS |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| Beran et al. (1985) |
| Niedermayr (1973) |
| Ertl et al. (2012) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| NIEDERMAYR et al. (2005) |
| Knobloch et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| Auer (2022) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| THIELE (1971) |
| In Coll. M. Slama |
| Albit (Ce) |
| PUTZ (2010) |
| Kohout (1997) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Steiner&Melcher (2020) |
| Auer (2022) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Picture first described in: +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2020) |
| C.Auer (2016) |
Auer (2022) | |
C.Auer (2016) | |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
Bolivia | |
| - (from country rock, not the ankerite-sodalite dike) |
Botswana | |
| Melgarejo et al. (2011) |
Brazil | |
| Monteiro et al. (2008) |
| Rafael Hernandes Corrêa-Silva |
| Vlach (2022) |
Canada | |
| Dalsin (2013) +1 other reference |
Caudle +3 other references | |
| DG Leighton (1997) |
| Chakhmouradian et al. (2008) |
| Miller (1988) |
| GSC locality database +1 other reference |
| SHEARD et al. (2012) |
| Badham |
| D. Robert Pinckston (1995) +2 other references |
Canadian Mineralogist 41:117-137 | |
Scribner et al. (2018) | |
| Papoutsa et al. (2013) |
| Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History ... |
| King (n.d.) |
Peterson et al. (1993) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist 45 |
| King (n.d.) +1 other reference |
King (n.d.) | |
King (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
King (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
King (n.d.) | |
King (n.d.) | |
Mounce et al. (2020) | |
King (n.d.) | |
Pavel Kartashov analytical data 2011 | |
| King (n.d.) |
| SEM-EDX of specimen in P. Haas ... |
King (n.d.) | |
| Grew et al. (2010) |
| Traill |
| Reiner Mielke 2016 |
| mineral assemblages +2 other references |
Mitchell et al. (1993) | |
| Helt (2012) |
| László Horváth (p.c., 2003) |
| Tarassoff (1994) |
| 179-181. +2 other references |
| Girard (1971) |
| Martin +1 other reference |
| Johnston |
| 166-175. +2 other references |
| SASSANO et al. (1987) |
| Lafontaine (1979) +1 other reference |
| Halpin et al. (2010) |
Miller (1990) +5 other references | |
| in International Workshop on the ... +1 other reference |
in International Workshop on the ... +1 other reference | |
Chile | |
| SEM-EDS by Joy Desor |
China | |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
| Zaicong Wang et al. (2008) |
| Yan et al. (2022) |
| Jinsha Xu et al. (2008) |
Zhang Peishan et al. (1996) | |
| Matsuda (1969) |
| Zhang et al. (2022) |
| Xue et al. (2021) |
Xue et al. (2021) | |
| Ge X. et al. (2017) |
| www.smartminerals.com (2004) |
| Li et al. (2019) |
Colombia | |
| Manuela Zeug et al. (2017) |
Czech Republic | |
| |
| Novák et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
Novák et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Novák et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Novák et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
| Scharm +7 other references |
| Pauliš +2 other references |
| Kropáč et al. (2023) |
| |
| Škoda R. |
| Novotný |
| Novotný et al. (severní Morava) |
| Novák et al. (2016) |
| Filip |
| Škoda +3 other references |
| Elsevier. +1 other reference |
| Houzar |
| Bouška (1969) +1 other reference |
Houzar +5 other references | |
Cempírek | |
Egypt | |
| Sami et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
Finland | |
| HANNU MÄKITIE (2007) |
| Jyrki Autio collection. Joy Desor ... |
| Al-Ani et al. (2013) |
| Thair Al Ani and Olli Sarapää (2010) |
| Al-Ani et al. (2011) |
| tupa.gtk.fi (2016) |
Al Ani +1 other reference | |
| Al-Ani et al. (2018) |
Ani et al. (2013) | |
| Al-Ani Thair 2012. Detailed SEM study ... |
| Treloar P.J. (1987) |
| Al-Ani et al. (2018) |
Al-Ani +1 other reference | |
| Al-Ani et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Al Ani Thair and Torppa Akseli 2011. ... |
| HANNU MÄKITIE (2007) |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection (analysis: Anton Pilipiuk, St Petersburg) +2 other references |
| Sarapää |
France | |
| De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000) |
| De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000) |
| De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000) |
De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000) | |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2005) |
| Spandler +1 other reference |
| MONCHOUX P. et al. (2006) |
MONCHOUX P. et al. (2006) | |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 1990 +1 other reference |
| Rémy Ph. (2005) |
| SEM-EDS analysed by Chollet Pascal at ... |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| [Wittern (1995) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Habel (2009) |
| Mineralien-Welt 18 (5) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Linhard (2005) |
| SEM-EDS by Joy Desor and Gerhard Möhn |
| PETITJEAN collection |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| PETITJEAN collection |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Luigi Mattei specimen |
| Blass +1 other reference |
Blass +1 other reference | |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Schäfer et al. (2018) |
| Hajek et al. (2007) |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
| |
| Witzke et al. (2006) |
| Witzke et al. (2013) |
| Witzke et al. (2008) |
| |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +2 other references |
Uwe Kolitsch | |
| Vasilatos et al. (2023) |
Vasilatos et al. (2023) | |
| |
Greenland | |
| Clark (1993) |
| Petersen et al. (2005) |
| Coulson (1997) |
Guatemala | |
| Harlow et al. (2011) |
Hungary | |
| Zajzon et al. (2015) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
India | |
| Färber (n.d.) |
| RARE-EARTHS +5 other references |
| F. Wall (1993) |
| Mahapatro et al. (2023) |
| Baidya |
| Baidya |
Baidya | |
Baidya | |
Ireland | |
| Tindle (2008) |
Italy | |
| · Maletto et al. (2016) |
| Panseri et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Castello et al. (2016) | |
| Lapis 2004 number 7/8 pp. 37-51 |
| Editorial Board (1873) +1 other reference |
[Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23 | |
| Caponera et al. (2007) |
| Collected & analyzed by Rossano Carlini |
| Antonio Borrelli collection |
| Luigi Matei |
Gresta et al. (2002) | |
| |
| Carlini et al. (2017) |
Scherillo A. (1940) +1 other reference | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2011) |
| AMI SIUK service |
Analyses of Anthony Kampf of Natural ... | |
| Bracco et al. (2006) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2011) |
| Castellaro (2005) +1 other reference |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| AA. VV. |
AA. VV. +1 other reference | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) |
| Giuseppe Verdi Collection |
imgdb.amiminerals.it (n.d.) | |
| Martini et al. (2012) |
Martini et al. (2012) | |
| Finello et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Finello et al. (2007) +1 other reference | |
Campostrini et al. (2023) | |
| Finello et al. (2007) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2011) |
| Ambrino et al. (2022) |
| Franchi (1897) +1 other reference |
| Compagnoni et al. (2014) |
| Franco Luca Bonino collection |
| Lapis (7/8) |
| Cuchet et al. (2017) |
| Grill (1935) |
Albertini (1983) | |
| De Battisti et al. (1987) |
Franco Vanini & Paolo Bosio finds | |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
| Boscardin et al. (2013) |
Daniele Ravagnani - I giacimenti ... +2 other references | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Boscardin et al. (2013) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
| Albertini (2011) |
| Milanesi D. (1998) |
| Turconi B. (1982) +2 other references |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
Guastoni et al. (2019) | |
Guastoni et al. (2019) | |
| Mattioli (1979 b) +3 other references |
Appiani et al. (1995) | |
Callegari et al. (2002) +2 other references | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference | |
Albertini (2011) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
Crumbach et al. (2016) | |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana |
| Castorina et al. (2006) |
| Gamboni et al. (2006) |
| Gamboni et al. (2006) |
| Gamboni et al. (2012) |
S. Cuccuru (2011) | |
| Gamboni et al. (2006) |
| Gamboni et al. (1996) |
| Gamboni (2003) |
• Gamboni et al. (1997) +1 other reference | |
| Gamboni A. |
| Gamboni et al. (1998) |
| Gamboni et al. (2006) |
| Gamboni et al. (2001) |
| Gamboni et al. (2006) |
| Gamboni et al. (2006) |
| Mattioli et al. (2009) |
| Gartner (2003) |
| Folie et al. (2010) |
| Ferretti et al. (2015) |
| Vecchi et al. (2013) |
| Biagioni et al. (2013) |
Oretti et al. (1987) +3 other references | |
Nannoni et al. (2008) | |
| Orlandi et al. (1997) |
| Orlandi et al. (1997) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Orlandi P. et al. (LU) |
| Biagioni (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
Biagioni (2009) | |
Japan | |
| Dr Yohachiro Okamoto (1876-1960) +3 other references |
| 皆川鉄雄 et al. (2001) |
| Nishio-Hamane et al. (2013) |
| Mineralogical Journal Vol. 8 (1975) +1 other reference |
Hasegawa (1959) +1 other reference | |
| Hoshino et al (2006) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Hasegawa (1957) +1 other reference |
| Koji Koseki & Hanzo Gohara (1956) |
Hasegawa (1957) +1 other reference | |
Hoshino et al (2006) | |
Nagashima & Nagashima (1960) +1 other reference | |
Nagashima & Nagashima (1960) +1 other reference | |
| Nakajima & Kurosawa (2006) |
| Dr John Rakovan analysis |
John Rakovan (2015) | |
| Nagashima & Nagashima (1960) +1 other reference |
| Nagashima & Nagashima (1960) +1 other reference |
| Chigakukenkyu-Kai +1 other reference |
| European J. Mineralogy 20 (2008) |
Hasegawa (1958) +2 other references | |
| Hoshino et al (2006) |
| Nagashima et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
Yamada et al. (1980) | |
| Hoshino et al (2006) |
| Nagashima & Nagashima (1960) +2 other references |
| Hoshino et al (2006) |
| Matsubara et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Hoshino et al (2006) |
| Nagashima & Nagashima (1960) +1 other reference |
| Michiba et al. (2013) |
| Nishiyama et al. (2017) |
| Nagashima & Nagashima (1960) +1 other reference |
Hoshino et al (2006) | |
| Nakatsugawa Mineral Museum (Gifu Prefecture, Japan) |
| KATO Akira et al. (1994) |
| Nagashima & Nagashima (1960) +1 other reference |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| |
| geo.web.ru (2007) |
Madagascar | |
| Pezzotta (2005) |
| Guillaume Estrade (2014) |
Larsen (2003) | |
| Larsen (2003) |
| dan weinrich |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Pancnzer (1987) |
Cortez et al. (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Canet et al. (2009) |
Mongolia | |
| Kynický et al. (2005) |
| Petr Paulis (Bajan Mod) |
| P. Kartashov et al. (2002) |
Kartashov P.M. et al. (Mongolian Altai) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Kempe et al. (2015) |
| Tumenbayar et al. (2000) |
Tumenbayar et al. (2000) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Mozambique | |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
Wilson et al. (2000) | |
Wilson et al. (2000) | |
Wilson et al. (2000) | |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
Namibia | |
| Irene M. Abraham (2009) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
New Zealand | |
| Paritu |
Nigeria | |
| Sakoma et al. (2002) |
North Korea | |
| Takubo et al. (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969) +1 other reference |
| Saitou (1941) +1 other reference |
| Takubo et al. (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969) +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| RRUFF Project Specimen ID: R050043 |
| Evje og Hornnes geomuseum Fennefoss |
| Breivik (2015) |
| Larsen et al. (2015) |
| Åmli (1969) |
| Alessio Piccioni |
| Frigstad (1968) |
Frigstad (1968) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
| Tony Nikischer |
| Müller et al. (2012) |
| Čobić et al. (2013) |
Catalogue number EHM_0415 of the ... | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
| Frigstad (1968) |
Stensrud (2009) | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Müller et al. (2012) | |
| Jordi fabre specimen & photo ( old label) |
Revheim (2004) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Stensrud (2009) | |
Olav Revheim photo & specimen (On Mindat photo nr. 555433) +1 other reference | |
| Stensrud (2009) |
| Bjørlykke (1934) |
Stensrud (2009) | |
| Hansen (2001) |
| Pedersen (2007) |
| Breivik et al. (2010) |
| Stensrud (2009) |
Fabre Specimen & photo +1 other reference | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 1040 |
| Breivik (2001) |
| Collection of Alex Earl |
| Jahren et al. (1998) |
| Husdal et al. (2017) |
Knut Eldjarn Collection | |
Husdal et al. (2017) | |
| Husdal (2008) |
Husdal (2023) | |
| Husdal (2008) |
Husdal (2021) | |
Husdal (2008) | |
| Vogt (1922) |
Husdal (2011) | |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Oftedal et al. (1963) +1 other reference |
Knut Eldjarn Collection | |
| Goldschmidt (1911) |
| OT. Ljøstad collection and photo. |
Brøgger (1890, January) +1 other reference | |
| Michalsen (2019) |
| Pršek et al. (2010) |
| Kristiansen (2009) +1 other reference |
Raade et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Larsen (2010) |
de La Cruz Rodrigues (2021) | |
| Larsen et al. (2020) |
| Berge (n.d.) |
| Burvald (1993) |
| Ivy Wilson collection 1989 |
| Larsen et al. (2013) |
Hermann Fylling | |
| Engvoldsen et al. (1991) |
| Berge (1993) +1 other reference |
| Larsen et al. (2015) |
| Engvoldsen et al. (1991) |
| Larsen et al. (2010) |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) | |
| Berge et al. (2002) |
Engvoldsen et al. (1991) | |
| Engvoldsen et al. (1991) |
| Hansen et al. (1982) |
Engvoldsen et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Andersen et al. (1994) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1602 |
| Selbekk et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Knut Eldjarn Collection |
| Peter Andresen collection. |
Stensrud (2004) | |
Stensrud (2004) | |
| Kvamsdal et al. (2021) |
| SEM-EDS Mineralogical Museum +1 other reference |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1574 (Collected by Lars Olav Kvamsdal) |
Pakistan | |
| various added photos |
imported from Shigar District +1 other reference | |
Poland | |
| Grzegorz Słowik |
| Szuszkiewicz et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Cegiełka et al. (2018) |
| Matyszczak et al. (2016) |
Matyszczak et al. (2016) | |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
Matyszczak et al. (2016) | |
| Matyszczak et al. (2016) |
| Bartłomiej Kajdas (SEM-EDS) +1 other reference |
| Janeczek J. et al. (Ce) |
| Pieczka et al. (2023) |
Pieczka et al. (2023) | |
| Kozlowski A & Wiszniewska J: (2001) |
Portugal | |
| Alves et al. (2010) |
Romania | |
| Ciobanu et al. (2006) |
| Pál Molnár (2000) +1 other reference |
Szakáll et al. (2010) +1 other reference | |
| Hirtopanu et al. (2013) |
Russia | |
| ... |
| L.I. Larichev |
| Vakh et al. (2009, October) |
| Kovalev et al. (2024) |
| Mironov A.G. and Gofman A.F (1979) |
| Bulnaev et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Makagonov et al. (2017) |
Galina Gubko (2009) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Sorokina et al. (2019) |
| Pekov (1998) |
Pekov (1998) | |
| A.V. Kasatkin et al. (2019) |
webmineral.ru (2016) | |
| Mineraly - textbook under edition of F.V. Chukhrov et al. (in Rus.) |
| Savel’eva et al. (2008) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Koneva A.A. et al. (2010) |
| Barkov et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Burlakov (1995) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Soboleva et al. (2011) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Sushchenko et al. (2023) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Tatyana A. Gornostaeva analytical data | |
| |
Тихоненкова Р.П. +1 other reference | |
| Zozulya +5 other references |
Kalashnikov et al. (2016) | |
| Pekov et al. (2008) |
Zozulya et al. (2022) | |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Bazai et al. (2009) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (1995) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Sorokhtina et al. (2018) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Rob Lavinsky |
| I.V.Pekov. E.A.Vlasov. E.A.Gerasimova Pitkyarantskaya mineralogical practice et al. (in Russisan) |
| Putintseva et al. (2017) |
[World of Stones 12:49] | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Antonov A.A. [Антонов А.А.] (2003) |
| Stuart Mills data |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
Kapustin Yu.L. (1989) | |
| Kovalev et al. (2023) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Uher P. |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Ozdín D. |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Rojkovič (2001) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Peterec D. et al. (Košice) |
| Ozdín D. |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Mészárosová N. et al. (2018) |
| Uher et al. (Y) +1 other reference |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Ozdín D. & Rojkovič I. |
| Gawęda et al. (2016) |
South Africa | |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Mitchell et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
South Korea | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Spain | |
| Calvo et al. (2014) |
| Ковальчук et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Calvo (2018) |
| C. Canet et al. |
| Alfonso et al. (2012) |
| Prado-Herrero (2009) |
| Tanago et al. (2012) |
| González Del Tánago et al. (2002) |
| Calvo et al. (2009) |
| Calvo et al. (2009) |
Sweden | |
| Jansson (2001) |
| Jansson (2001) |
Jansson (2001) | |
| Natural History Museum |
| Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm (The Natural History Museum) |
Kjellman et al. (1999) | |
| |
| Majka et al. (2013) |
Jonsson (2011) | |
| Wilke (1997) |
| Kjellman et al. 1999 |
| Wilke (1997) |
J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ... | |
| J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ... |
J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ... | |
Langhof (1991) | |
J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ... +1 other reference | |
Wahlstrom (1985) | |
| |
| - (n.d.) |
| Torbjörn Lorin photo and specimen |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
Holtstam et al. (2001) | |
| Andersson et al. (2022) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data | |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Jonsson +3 other references |
| Wilke (1997) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
Gatedal (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Wilke (1997) |
| |
Sandström et al. (2009) | |
Zakrezewski et al. (1992) | |
Östra Värmlands Mineral Society | |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Wilke (1997) |
| |
Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm (The Natural History Museum) +1 other reference | |
| |
| |
| Öhman et al. (2005) |
Jansson (2001) | |
| |
| The Swedish Museum of Natural History ... |
The Swedish Museum of Natural History ... | |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Kipfer et al. (1979) +1 other reference |
| S. Wolfsried collection |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Wulser PA (2002) |
| Cuchet et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Cuchet et al. (2017) |
van der Burgt et al. (2005) | |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Flückiger C. (1997) +2 other references |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
Cuchet et al. (2018) | |
Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
| |
| Cuchet et al. (2014) |
Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
Cuchet et al. (2022) | |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) |
Meisser (2012) | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
Ansermet (2012) | |
Ansermet (2012) | |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
| Cuchet et al. (2022) |
| Berger et al. (2013) |
Tajikistan | |
| I. Pekov data pers. comm L. Horvath 2008 |
| Leonid Pautov and Mirak Mirakov ... |
Tanzania | |
| Mike Keim (analysed specimen) |
Turkey | |
| Ersoy et al. (2023) |
| Demirel |
UK | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Wirth et al. (2002) |
| Rumsey et al. (2008) |
| Jour. Conf. Abstracts 5: 939 (2000) |
| Steve Rust collection |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
S. Rust collection | |
| |
| |
Ukraine | |
| Spiridonov et al. (2020) |
| Sharygin et al. (2014) |
Vyshnevskyi Oleksii (2015) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Lazarenko E.K. e.a. Mineralogy of ... |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references |
United Arab Emirates | |
| Woolley et al. (1991) +2 other references |
USA | |
| Butler et al. (1938b) +2 other references |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference |
| Heinrich (1960) |
| Heinrich (1960) +1 other reference |
Heinrich (1960) +1 other reference | |
| Galbraith (1959) +5 other references |
| Theodore et al. (1987) |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
Theodore et al. (1987) | |
| Frondel (1964) +1 other reference |
| Williams (1960) |
| Williams (1960) |
Williams (1960) +1 other reference | |
| Adams (1969) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Michael T Feehan Collection |
| Hurlbut et al. (1936) +3 other references |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010) |
| |
Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Neuerberg (1954) +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 486. +2 other references |
| Samples obtained from Bay Area Mineralogists (BAM) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 486. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 486 +3 other references |
| Alfredo Petrov specimen +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222 +5 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 463. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 486. +2 other references |
| Carnahan (1960) |
| illus. +3 other references |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011) |
Charles Stern et al. (2016) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| King (n.d.) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Rocks & Min.: 64: 471. | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Meeves et al. (1966) |
Meeves et al. (1966) | |
Meeves et al. (1966) | |
Meeves et al. (1966) | |
Meeves et al. (1966) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| www.minresco.com/syst/a.htm |
| Meeves et al. (1966) |
Meeves et al. (1966) | |
Meeves et al. (1966) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Hanson et al. (2004) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Meeves et al. (1966) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rudy Bologna |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 63: 457. |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Zodac (1940) +3 other references |
| Kosnar (1979) |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 164-167. |
| Schairer (1931) +1 other reference |
Moritz (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Kosnar (1979) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:190. |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:201. |
| Slack (2007) |
Slack (2007) | |
| Wiebe et al. |
| King et al. (1994) |
| gsa.confex.com (2003) |
King (2000) | |
Thompson et al. (1998) | |
King et al. (1994) | |
King et al. (1994) | |
Thompson et al. (1998) | |
| gsa.confex.com (2003) |
| |
| P Cristofono collection 2010 |
| Rocks & Min.: 23: 594-597. |
| Collected by James Parella +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 13:183 +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min. 13:245 +1 other reference |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Buchholz et al. (2013) |
Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
| American Mineralogist (1961) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Lee et al. (1962) |
| Zwicker (1962) |
| various added photos |
| Scott Whittemore |
| Rocks&Min. 67:158-168 |
| Janules (Micromounters of NE Newsletter, 4/ 2005) |
Janules (2005) | |
| Morrill +1 other reference |
| T Mortimer collection |
Morrill | |
Morrill (1960) | |
P Cristofono collection | |
King (n.d.) | |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| Focus on Fort Lee - A Key and Guide to ... +1 other reference |
| Dunn (1995) |
Steven Phillips +1 other reference | |
King (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Palache (1935) +1 other reference | |
| C. Lemanski |
| A Quest for New Jersey Minerals (1978) |
| Northrup |
| Vandall King |
Rob Lavinsky | |
Min Rec 22:5 pp359-366 The Smoky Bear ... | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Marian Lupulescu (2010) |
Marian Lupulescu (2010) | |
M.V. Lupulescu et al. (2011) | |
Rocks & Min. (2007) | |
| Marian Lupulescu (2008) |
| Richards et al. (2000) |
John H. Betts (2009) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 20:469. |
Rocks & Min.: 20:469. | |
| Januzzi +1 other reference |
| Walter et al. (2022) |
Steven C. Chamberlain (2012) | |
Steven C. Chamberlain & George W. Robinson (2013) | |
Steve Chamberlain et al (2009) | |
| Chamberlain et al. (2001) |
| Steven C. Chamberlain and David G. Bailey (2012) |
| Marian Lupulescu et al. (2010) |
| Steven C. Chamberlain and David G. Bailey (2012) |
| New York State Museum mineral collection +1 other reference |
| Chris Emproto Collection |
| www. excalibar minerals.com |
| Abe Heinrich |
National Museum of Wales - Harwood ... | |
| MinMax Mineral Information System |
| R. C. Smith |
| Kieron (2003) |
| Miller (1971) |
| |
Miller (1971) | |
Miller (1971) | |
Miller (1971) | |
| Marble (1940) |
Economic Geology +4 other references | |
| Chidester et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| Acquired from A.E. Seaman Museum and ... |
| Lemke et al. (1952) |
| T Douglas Schonewald Collection |
| Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8 +2 other references |
| Falster et al. (2010) |
Hanson et al. (1999) | |
| Bucholz |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:409-410 |
Buchholz et al. (2006) | |
| ... |
Vietnam | |
| Li et al. (2018) |
| Dumańska-Słowik et al. (2023) |
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