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Crocoite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by PH, dedicated to JULIA ROSE HUGGINS
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About CrocoiteHide

Formula:
PbCr6+O4
Colour:
Orange, red, yellow; orange-red in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
5.97 - 6.02
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Originally recognized by Mikhail Vassil’evich Lomonosov in 1763 as a red lead ore. Johann Gottlob Lehmann in 1766 named it Nova Minera Plumbi. Various authors later gave the mineral a name signifying the presence of lead and the color red: minera plumbi rubra (Wallerius, 1778), Rothes bleierz (Werner, 1774), and Plomb rouge (Macquart, 1789). After the element chromium was announced in 1798, a new series of names was applied to the species: Plomb chromaté (Haüy, 1801), Kallochrom (Hausmann, 1813), etc. Renamed Crocise by François Sulpice Beudant in 1832 and Krokoisite by Franz von Kobell in 1838. Translated to the current pronunciation, Krokoit, by Johann August Breithaupt in 1841. Named Beresofite in 1844 by Charles Upham Shepard. Named Lehmannite by Henry J. Brooke and William H. Miller in 1852. The name crocoite comes from the Greek κρόκος "crocon" = saffron, alluding to the saffron-orange color of its powder.
Crocoite is commonly found as crystals, usually as long prismatic crystals and more rarely as equant crystals, but are most often poorly terminated, and are usually of a bright hyacinth-red color, which are translucent and have an adamantine to vitreous lustre. When fine-grained it can be bright yellow to orange, and some crystals are dark red.




Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1157
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1157:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
903ad8d4-540d-4b97-bca4-48fff757e371

IMA Classification of CrocoiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Pb(CrO4)

Classification of CrocoiteHide

7.FA.20

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
A : Without additional anions
Dana 7th ed.:
35.3.1.1
35.3.1.1

35 : ANHYDROUS CHROMATES
3 : AXO4
27.2.5

27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
2 : Chromates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
CrcIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of CrocoiteHide

Sub-Adamantine, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Orange, red, yellow; orange-red in transmitted light.
Streak:
Yellow-orange
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Distinct on {110}, indistinct on {001} and {100}.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.97 - 6.02 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.97 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
6.06 (Dundas mat.); 6.12 (artificial mat.)

Optical Data of CrocoiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.290(2) nβ = 2.360(2) nγ = 2.660(2)
2V:
Measured: 57° , Calculated: 54°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.370
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
very strong r > v inclined
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; Z ∧ c = 5.5°.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = Red-orange
Y = Red-orange
Z = Blood red

Chemistry of CrocoiteHide

Mindat Formula:
PbCr6+O4
Common Impurities:
Zn,S

Crystallography of CrocoiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.12 Å, b = 7.421 Å, c = 6.80 Å
β = 102.41°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.959 : 1 : 0.916
Unit Cell V:
350.90 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals commonly prismatic [001] to acicular crystals with nearly square outline; elongated parallel to [101]; pseudo-octahedral at times, with {111} {111}, or acute rhombohedral with {110} {h0l}. Faces usually smooth and brilliant; {110} commonly striated [001], and the steep orthodomes rounded or distorted. Crystals are often cavernous or hollow. Massive; imperfectly columnar to granular.

Forms include:
a{100}, b{010}, c{001}, α{310}, d{210}, g{320}, m{110}, ζ{350}, f{120}, h{101}, ρ{502}, n{401}, χ{801}, k{101}, x{301}, l{401}, ε{501}, θ{601}, w{012}, z{011}, y{021}, t{111}, π{221}, ϑ{331}, s{441}, λ{112}, γ{223}, v{111}, e{11.1.1}, ψ{911}, G{812}, N{711}, η{412}, q{12.4.1}, L{2.1.10}, g{841}, Q{953}, H{435}, δ{11.10.1}, p{13.1.5}, τ{911}, r{612}, A{511}, R{18.4.1}, ξ{411}, β{312}, φ{311}, F{621}, Y{931}, B{521}, u{211}, E{328}, o{8.7.10}, M{6.10.9}, σ{352}, i{123}, μ(154}, D{265}. Also an additional couple dozen probable forms.
Comment:
Space group P21/n.

Crystallographic forms of CrocoiteHide

Crystal Atlas:
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Crocoite no.76 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Crocoite no.111 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0009297CrocoiteQuareni S, De Pieri R (1965) A three-dimensional refinement of the structure of crocoite, PbCrO4 Acta Crystallographica 19 287-28919650293
0019487CrocoiteEffenberger H, Pertlik F (1986) Four monazite type structures: comparison of SrCrO4, SrSeO4, PbCrO4 (crocoite), and PbSeO4 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 176 75-831986Dundas, Tasmania0293
0014540CrocoiteKnight K S (2000) A high temperature structural phase transition in crocoite (PbCrO4) at 1068 K: crystal structure refinement at 1073 K and thermal expansion tensor determination at 1000 K Mineralogical Magazine 64 291-3002000Dundas, Tasmania01073
0020242CrocoiteBandiello E, Errandonea D, Martinez-Garcia D, Santamaria-Perez D, Manjon F J (2012) Effects of high-pressure on the structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of monzanite-type PbCrO4 Physical Review B85 024108-102012Red Lead mine, Dundas, Tasmania, Australia0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.277 Å(100)
3.475 Å(80)
3.030 Å(60)
4.374 Å(50)
2.254 Å(50)
4.950 Å(30)
1.846 Å(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals
Geological Setting:
Uncommon secondary mineral in lead deposits associated with chromium-bearing rocks.

Type Occurrence of CrocoiteHide

Synonyms of CrocoiteHide

Other Language Names for CrocoiteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
275 photos of Crocoite associated with PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
136 photos of Crocoite associated with VauquelinitePb2Cu(CrO4)(PO4)(OH)
109 photos of Crocoite associated with GibbsiteAl(OH)3
87 photos of Crocoite associated with DundasitePbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O
37 photos of Crocoite associated with Chrome-CerussitePbCO3
31 photos of Crocoite associated with CerussitePbCO3
30 photos of Crocoite associated with QuartzSiO2
29 photos of Crocoite associated with Limonite
24 photos of Crocoite associated with EmbreyitePb5(CrO4)2(PO4)2 · H2O
18 photos of Crocoite associated with Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

7.FA.05TarapacáiteK2(CrO4)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
7.FA.10ChromatiteCaCr6+O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
7.FA.15HashemiteBaCr6+O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma

Fluorescence of CrocoiteHide

Not fluorescent in UV.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
Chromate minerals contain the carcinogenic and mutagenic chromate ion. Always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest. Do not pour chromate-containing solutions down the drain.

Internet Links for CrocoiteHide

References for CrocoiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for CrocoiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • Olary Province
      • Wadnaminga goldfield
  • Tasmania
    • Waratah-Wynyard municipality
      • Heazlewood district
Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references
        • Luina
www.crocoite.com (2001)
Palache et al. (1951)
      • Waratah district
        • Magnet
Dana 7:II:653. +1 other reference
    • West Coast municipality
      • Zeehan mining district
Mason (1976) +1 other reference
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Bottrill et al. (2006)
Bottrill et al. (2008)
Bottrill et al. (2006)
Bottrill et al. (2006)
Bottrill et al. (2006)
R. Bottrill +1 other reference
Min.Rec.: 20 (5) +3 other references
Bottrill et al. +1 other reference
        • North Dundas
Bottrill et al. (2008)
        • Zeehan mineral field
          • Zeehan Queen mine ("Sylvester-Queen")
Bottrill et al. (2008)
  • Western Australia
    • Menzies Shire
      • Comet Vale
Grguric et al. (2006)
      • Menzies
Rox Resources Ltd (2004)
    • Westonia Shire
      • Westonia
Simpson et al. (1948)
Austria
 
  • Tyrol
    • Imst District
      • Nassereith
Exel (1993)
Exel (1993)
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
Palache et al. (1951)
Eberhard Reich info taken from old ...
Canada
 
  • Ontario
    • Algoma District
      • Nicolet Township
Sabina (1991)
Ann P.Sabina (1991)
Ann P.Sabina (1991)
Ann P.Sabina (1991)
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Bomby Township
        • Hemlo gold deposit
Sabina (1991)
  • Québec
    • Montréal
176-178. +2 other references
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Antofagasta Province
      • Sierra Gorda
        • Caracoles mining district
          • Caracoles
maurizio dini collection - analysed ...
Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University)
British Museum online catalogue 2007
China
 
  • Gansu
    • Baiyin
      • Baiyin District
        • Baiyinchang ore field
Guoying Chen and Wanmao Li (1991)
DR Congo
 
  • Lualaba
    • Mutshatsha
Lapis 17 (3)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Puy-de-Dôme
      • Riom
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Dordogne
      • Nontron
        • Nontron
Y. Laurent et al. (Dordogne)
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Var
      • Draguignan
        • Callas
Mari et al. (1979)
Germany
 
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Cologne
      • Euskirchen
Weiß (1990)
  • Saxony
    • Zwickau District
      • Callenberg
Birch et al. (2000)
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Balangero
Prete (1995)
Jordan
 
  • Amman Governorate
    • Transjordan Plateau
      • Daba-Siwaqa complex
        • Hashem region
          • Lisdan-Siwaga Fault
            • Siwaga
              • Tulul al Hammam
Sokol +9 other references
Mexico
 
  • Jalisco
    • Bolaños Municipality
      • Bolaños
Panczner (1987)
Panczner (1987)
Dana 7:I:518. +1 other reference
Panczner (1987)
Mozambique
 
  • Manica Province
    • Manica District
Unpublished geological report. +1 other reference
Namibia
 
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Otavi Constituency
      • Kombat
Dunn (1991)
Philippines
 
F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy" (1900)
    • Bicol Region
      • Camarines Norte Province
Palache et al. (1951)
Poland
 
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Tarnowskie Góry County
      • Tarnowskie Góry
Traube (1888)
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
    • Nucet
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Dana 6: 914.
  • Caraş-Severin County
    • Rusca Montană
Rădulescu
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Verkhny Ufaley
Sehrig (2012)
      • Ufaley District (Ufalei District)
Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Beryozovsky
American Mineralogist: 73 (11-12) +2 other references
Cook (2007)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
        • Uspenskaya Hill
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
Lomonossow (1763) +2 other references
Koshkin (2014)
    • Nizhnii Tagil
Palache et al. (1951)
    • Rezhevsky District
Sehrig (2012)
    • Verkhnyaya Pyshma
Dmitry A. Khanin
Mason (1976)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Brezno District
Koděra (1986)
    • Revúca District
      • Jelšava
Koděra (1986)
South Africa
 
  • Mpumalanga
    • Gert Sibande District Municipality
      • Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality
        • Carolina
Cairncross et al. (1995)
    • Nkangala District Municipality
      • Victor Khanye Local Municipality
        • Delmas
De Jager (1966)
Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference
            • Dwarsfontein Farm
Cairncross et al. (1995)
              • Transvaal Mine
Cairncross et al. (1995)
SAMS (South African Micromount Society)
Tajikistan
 
  • Sughd
    • Mastchoh District
      • Altyn-Topkan ore field (Zarnisor ore field)
Badalov et al. (1975)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Lezant
Elton et al. (2004)
    • Cumbria
      • Allerdale
        • Caldbeck
Branston (1912) +1 other reference
Stanley et al. (1991)
      • Eden
        • Mungrisdale
Cooper et al. (1990)
Cooper et al. (1990)
  • Scotland
    • Dumfries and Galloway
      • Wanlockhead
        • Wanlock Dod-Whytes Cleuch
Day (1999)
    • South Lanarkshire
      • Leadhills
        • Wanlock Dod
Day (1999)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Gila County
      • Sierra Ancha Mountains
        • Sierra Ancha Mining District
Anthony et al. (1995)
    • Maricopa County
Silliman (1881) +2 other references
Silliman (1881) +2 other references
      • Gillespie
        • Black Butte
Anthony et al. (1995)
      • Osborn Mining District
        • Hummingbird Springs
Williams (1968) +2 other references
      • Vulture Mining District
Silliman (1881) +2 other references
Williams (1968) +2 other references
        • Vulture
Silliman (1881) +2 other references
    • Pima County
      • Comobabi Mountains
        • Cababi Mining District (Comobabi Mining District)
          • Ko Vaya
            • Mildren Mine group
Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference
Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference
    • Pinal County
      • Mammoth Mining District
        • Tiger
          • St. Anthony deposit
Palache et al. (1951)
    • Yavapai County
      • Black Rock Mining District
Anthony et al. (1995)
  • California
    • Inyo County
      • Darwin Hills
Hanks (1884) +1 other reference
Palache et al. (1951)
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 342. +2 other references
    • Riverside County
      • Hexie Mountains
        • Hexie District
          • Monument Mountain
Cal Div of Mines & Geo Bulletin 189 " ... +1 other reference
    • San Bernardino County
      • Silver Lake Mining District
        • Soda Mountains
          • Baker
            • Otto Mountain
Collected by Marek Chorazewicz. EDS ...
  • Colorado
    • Gunnison County
      • Willow Creek Mining District
The Williamson Southern Group
  • North Carolina
Genth
Zimbabwe
 
  • Manicaland
    • Mutasa District
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Bartholomew (1990)
 
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