Crandallite

Strontium-bearing Crandallite

Mont-des-Groseillers, Blaton, Bernissart, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium

Crandallite, etc.

Beauvoir quarry, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France

Crandallite, etc.

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Strontium-bearing Crandallite

Mont-des-Groseillers, Blaton, Bernissart, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium

Crandallite, etc.

Beauvoir quarry, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France

Crandallite, etc.

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Strontium-bearing Crandallite

Mont-des-Groseillers, Blaton, Bernissart, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium

Crandallite, etc.

Beauvoir quarry, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France

About CrandalliteHide

Milan Lucian Crandall, Jr.

Formula:

CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆

Colour:

Yellow, white, gray; colorless in transmitted light.

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Greasy, Silky, Dull, Earthy

Hardness:

5

Specific Gravity:

2.78 - 3.04

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Plumbogummite Group > Alunite Supergroup

Name:

Named in 1917 by Gerald Francis Loughlin and Waldemar T. Schaller in honor of mining engineer, Milan Lucian Crandall, Jr. [August 9, 1880, Springville, Utah, USA - April 19, 1959, Napa County, California, USA], previously of the Knight Mining Company, Provo, Utah, USA. (Schaller redefined goyazite as a Ba phosphate rather than a calcium phosphate in order to name crandallite.)

Type Locality:

ⓘ Brooklyn Mine, Silver City, Tintic Mining District, Juab County, Utah, USA

The calcium analogue of plumbogummite, phosphate analogue of arsenocrandallite, and Al analogue of UM2006-23-PO:AlBiCaFeH.

Commonly forms solid solutions with goyazite and gorceixite.


See also the visually and chemically similar minerals perhamite, krásnoite (both containing also major Si) and iangreyite.

A possible triclinic polymorph is reported ('UM1963-02-PO:AlCaH').

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of CrandalliteHide

Classification of CrandalliteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Pronunciation of CrandalliteHide

Physical Properties of CrandalliteHide

Optical Data of CrandalliteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (+)

RI values:

n_ω = 1.613 - 1.618 n_ε = 1.622 - 1.632

Birefringence:

0.011

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.009

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Optical Extinction:

Parallel

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of CrandalliteHide

Chemical AnalysisHide

Crystallography of CrandalliteHide

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0000392	Crandallite	Blount A M (1974) The crystal structure of crandallite American Mineralogist 59 41-47		1974	Clay Canyon, Fairfield, Utah, USA	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to closedata_global _chemical_name_mineral 'Crandallite' loop_ _publ_author_name 'Blount A M' _journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist' _journal_volume 59 _journal_year 1974 _journal_page_first 41 _journal_page_last 47 _publ_section_title ; The crystal structure of crandallite ; _database_code_amcsd 0000392 _chemical_compound_source 'Clay Canyon, Fairfield, Utah, USA' _chemical_formula_sum 'Ca1.002 P2 Al3 O14' _cell_length_a 7.005 _cell_length_b 7.005 _cell_length_c 16.192 _cell_angle_alpha 90 _cell_angle_beta 90 _cell_angle_gamma 120 _cell_volume 688.093 _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 2.947 _symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R -3 m' loop_ _space_group_symop_operation_xyz 'x,y,z' '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z' '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z' 'x,x-y,z' '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,1/3+z' '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,2/3+z' 'y,x,-z' '2/3+y,1/3+x,1/3-z' '1/3+y,2/3+x,2/3-z' '-x+y,y,z' '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,1/3+z' '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,2/3+z' '-x,-x+y,-z' '2/3-x,1/3-x+y,1/3-z' '1/3-x,2/3-x+y,2/3-z' '-y,-x,z' '2/3-y,1/3-x,1/3+z' '1/3-y,2/3-x,2/3+z' 'x-y,-y,-z' '2/3+x-y,1/3-y,1/3-z' '1/3+x-y,2/3-y,2/3-z' 'y,-x+y,-z' '2/3+y,1/3-x+y,1/3-z' '1/3+y,2/3-x+y,2/3-z' '-x+y,-x,z' '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z' '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z' '-x,-y,-z' '2/3-x,1/3-y,1/3-z' '1/3-x,2/3-y,2/3-z' '-y,x-y,z' '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z' '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z' 'x-y,x,-z' '2/3+x-y,1/3+x,1/3-z' '1/3+x-y,2/3+x,2/3-z' loop_ _atom_site_label _atom_site_fract_x _atom_site_fract_y _atom_site_fract_z _atom_site_occupancy Ca 0.04400 0.00000 0.00000 0.16700 P 0.00000 0.00000 0.31370 1.00000 Al 0.50000 0.00000 0.50000 1.00000 O1 0.00000 0.00000 0.40760 1.00000 O2 0.21420 -0.21420 0.94710 1.00000 O3 0.12370 -0.12370 0.13530 1.00000 loop_ _atom_site_aniso_label _atom_site_aniso_U_11 _atom_site_aniso_U_22 _atom_site_aniso_U_33 _atom_site_aniso_U_12 _atom_site_aniso_U_13 _atom_site_aniso_U_23 Ca 0.01119 0.03114 0.00398 0.01547 0.00015 0.00035 P 0.00746 0.00746 0.00598 0.00373 0.00000 0.00000 Al 0.00522 0.00429 0.00664 0.00224 0.00025 0.00000 O1 0.01137 0.01137 0.01063 0.00578 0.00000 0.00000 O2 0.01771 0.01771 0.00797 0.01454 0.00015 -0.00015 O3 0.00671 0.00671 0.00797 0.00354 0.00050 -0.00050

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Type Occurrence of CrandalliteHide

Synonyms of CrandalliteHide

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Varieties of CrandalliteHide

Relationship of Crandallite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

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Fluorescence of CrandalliteHide

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References for CrandalliteHide

Localities for CrandalliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Angola
Cuanza Sul Province Seles ⓘ Catanda	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
Argentina
Catamarca Province Andalgalá Department Capillitas mining district ⓘ La Argentina vein	Yaciuk et al. (2021) +1 other reference
ⓘ La Rosario vein	Yaciuk et al. (2021) +1 other reference
San Luis Province Chacabuco Department Sierra de la Estanzuela ⓘ La Viquita pegmatite	Galliski et al. (2012)
ⓘ San Elías mine	Galliski et al. (2012)
Sierra de Comechingones Comechingones Pegmatitic field ⓘ Ángel pegmatite	Demartis et al. (2011)
Australia
Australian Capital Territory Paddy's River District ⓘ Cotter Caves	McQueen et al. (1988)
Paddy's River Mine ⓘ Unnamed caves	McQueen +3 other references
ⓘ Christmas Island	Trueman (1965) +3 other references
ⓘ Grant's Well	Trueman (1965)
ⓘ Murray Hill	Trueman (1965)
New South Wales Canbelego Co. Girilambone ⓘ Girilambone Copper Mine (Murrawombie open pit; West Bogan Mine; West Bogan No.5 block)	Chapman et al. (2005)
Westmoreland Co. ⓘ Jenolan Caves	Frost et al. (2011)
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district Broken Hill Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine) ⓘ Kintore opencut	Birch et al. (1997)
South Australia Eyre peninsula Middleback Range Iron Duke Complex ⓘ Iron Duchess	Francis (2010)
Iron Knob ⓘ Iron Monarch Main Pit	Pilkington et al. (1979)
Flinders Ranges South Flinders Ranges Wilmington ⓘ Spring Creek Mine	Beyer et al. (1996)
Mt Lofty Ranges North Mt Lofty Ranges Barossa Valley Penrice ⓘ Moculta Phosphate Quarry	Harrowfield et al. (1981) +1 other reference
ⓘ Penrice marble quarry	Mills et al. (2008)
Kapunda ⓘ St John's Quarry
ⓘ Tom's Quarry	Frost et al. (2004)
Robertstown ⓘ Fairview Quarry	Peter Elliott
Truro ⓘ St Kitts Phosphate Quarry	Francis et al. (self published)
Roxby Downs ⓘ Olympic Dam Mine	Ehrig et al. (2012)
Tasmania Meander Valley municipality Dunorlan ⓘ Punchs Terror	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Victoria City of Brimbank Keilor ⓘ Keilor quarry
Rural City of Wangaratta Whitfield ⓘ Edi-Cheshunt turquoise field	Birch et al. (1993)
Swan Hill Rural City Lake Boga ⓘ Lake Boga granite quarry	Birch et al. (1993) +1 other reference
Western Australia Carnarvon Shire Lyndon Station ⓘ Mineral Claim 08/693	Government Chemical Laboratories. In: ... +1 other reference
Laverton Shire Mount Weld Station ⓘ Mount Weld Mine	Dunkan +5 other references
Meekatharra Shire Milgun Station ⓘ Milgun Variscite Mine	Mineralogical Magazine 39 (1974) +1 other reference
Woodlands Station ⓘ Woodlands variscite gold occurrence (Low Hill; Waldburg variscite deposit)	Nickel (2008)
Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Guttaring Ratteingraben ⓘ Emma adit	Blaß (1999) +2 other references
Spittal an der Drau District Millstatt lake ⓘ Laggerhof	Niedermayr et al. (2005)
Spittal an der Drau Wolfsberg ⓘ Feldspar quarry	Pichler (2009)
Lower Austria Krems-Land District Mühldorf Amstall ⓘ Graphite quarry	Neschen (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Trandorf	Niedermayr (1985) +1 other reference
Neunkirchen District Prigglitz Gasteil ⓘ Sandriegel (Gasteil Cu I; copper mine)	Kolitsch et al. (2021)
Waidhofen an der Thaya District Raabs an der Thaya Eibenstein an der Thaya ⓘ Hengl quarry	- (n.d.)
Salzburg Zell am See District Mittersill ⓘ Graulahnerkopf (Graulahnerkogel)	Bernhard et al. (2004)
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Krieglach Freßnitzgraben Alpl ⓘ Höllkogel	unpublished +1 other reference
ⓘ Freßnitzkogel	www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016)
ⓘ Granegg	SEM-EDS on polished section
ⓘ Rotriegel ridge	Bernhard (1998)
ⓘ Wegscheidkreuz
Langenwang ⓘ Ganz valley	Bernhard (2006)
Pretulgraben ⓘ Fürstenbauer
Leoben District Sankt Peter-Freienstein ⓘ Brandberg	Meixner (1963) +3 other references
Weiz District Fischbach ⓘ Faschingbauerkreuz - Reithkogel area (Gießhübler Berg; Gießhübler Holzschlag)	Taucher (1995)
Belgium
Wallonia Hainaut Bernissart ⓘ Blaton	Mélon et al. (1976)
ⓘ Mont-des-Groseillers	Van Tassel (1956) +9 other references
Saint-Ghislain ⓘ Sirault	Cornet (1927) +2 other references
Liège Sprimont Rouvreux ⓘ Florzé	Buurman et al. (1970) +1 other reference
Visé ⓘ Richelle	Fransolet et al. (1974) +1 other reference
Luxembourg ⓘ Vielsalm	Michel Blondieau. +2 other references
Cahay ⓘ Thier des Carrières	Hatert et al. (2002)
ⓘ Salmchâteau	Hatert et al. (2002)
ⓘ Coticule mines (east)	Blondieau (2005)
Namur Anhée ⓘ Bioul	Fournier (1897) +2 other references
ⓘ Haut-le-Wastia	Van Tassel (1985) +1 other reference
Bolivia
Oruro Pantaleón Dalence Province Huanuni ⓘ Huanuni mine	Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) +1 other reference
Santa Fé mining district ⓘ Japo Mine (Negro Pabellón Mine)	Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)
ⓘ Morococala Mine	Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)
ⓘ Santa Fé Mine	Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)
Potosí Rafael Bustillo Province Llallagua ⓘ Siglo Veinte Mine	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Brazil
Amazonas São Gabriel da Cachoeira ⓘ Morro dos Seis Lagos	Berger et al. (2009)
Bahia Boquira ⓘ Serra da Vereda	Franz et al. (2014)
ⓘ Vaca Morta quarry	MinMag 61:607 (1997)
ⓘ Brumado	Luis Menezes specimen
Maranhão Godofredo Viana Aurizona Aurizona Mine ⓘ Pirucaua deposit	Sioeira et al. (1982)
Minas Gerais Brumadinho Serra Azul ⓘ Tico-Tico mine	Menezes (n.d.)
Caldas ⓘ Osamu Utsumi mine	Waber et al. (1992) +1 other reference
Galiléia Sapucaia do Norte ⓘ Sapucaia mine	Sergio Varvello collection
Mendes Pimentel ⓘ Gentil claim	Pers. Comm. from Paulo Anselmo Matioli +1 other reference
Poços de Caldas ⓘ Morro do Ferro	Waber (1991)
Tapira ⓘ Tapira Complex	Berger et al. (2009)
Pará Curionópolis ⓘ Serra Pelada claims	Moroni et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Parauapebas Alemão Cu deposit ⓘ Igarapé Bahia mine	Grainger et al. (2008)
Viseu ⓘ Piriá ridge	Santos et al. (2016)
Paraíba Frei Martinho ⓘ Alto Benedito pegmatite (Alto Bernardino; Alto Questão)	Cassedanne et al. (1991)
Pedra Lavrada ⓘ Alto Patrimônio	Murdoch (1955)
Rio Grande do Norte Parelhas ⓘ Capoeira 1 pegmatite (Boqueirãozinho pegmatite)	Robinson et al. (1998)
São Paulo Registro ⓘ Juquiá alkaline carbonatite complex	www.sbgeo.org.br (2002)
Bulgaria
Sofia Province Chelopech Municipality ⓘ Chelopech Au-Cu Mine	Georgieva
Burundi
Bujumbura Rural Province ⓘ Gakara Project	Berger et al. (2009)
Kayanza Province ⓘ Haute Ruvubu Complex	Van den Haute et al. (Burundi) +6 other references
Canada
Manitoba Lac-du-Bonnet area Bernic Lake ⓘ Tanco Mine	153-155. +2 other references
Northwest Territories Yellowknife Pegmatite field ⓘ Moose II pegmatite (ELK; Beck; DeStaffany)	Anderson et al. (2013)
Nova Scotia Yarmouth Co. ⓘ Brazil Lake pegmatite	Kontak (2004)
Ontario Cochrane District South of Ridge Lake Area ⓘ Martison carbonatite complex	SAGE (1981)
Saskatchewan Athabasca Basin ⓘ Centennial deposit	Reid et al. (2016)
ⓘ McArthur River Mine	Adlakha et al. (2015)
Yukon Dawson mining district ⓘ Big Fish River	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ...
Rapid Creek ⓘ Mount Seafoam (Area D; Area 4)	Collected by Rod Tyson
Chile
Atacama Copiapó Province Tierra Amarilla Paton Hill ⓘ Paton Brook	Norman King
Huasco Province Freirina ⓘ La Blanco Mine	Vajdak (2006)
Coquimbo Elqui Province Vicuña ⓘ Tambo Mine	Deyell et al. (2005)
China
Fujian Nanping Yanping District Nanping pegmatite field ⓘ Pegmatite No. 31	Rao +5 other references
Hubei Shiyan Zhushan Co. ⓘ Woodhouseite occurrence	Zhenrong Shi (2008)
Shaanxi Ankang Baihe County ⓘ Yuertan Mine (Yue'ertan Mine)	Zhenrong Shi and Keqin Cai (2007)
Xi'an Lantian County ⓘ Lantian Mine	Zhang Jianguo et al. (2004)
Shanxi Jincheng ⓘ Sihe mine	Zhang et al. (2024)
Xinjiang Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture) Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture) Qinghe Co. (Qinggil Co.; Chinggil Co.) Qinghe pegmatite field ⓘ Talate pegmatite	Chen et al. (2022)
Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Kutná Hora District Vlkaneč ⓘ Přibyslavice	Povondra et al. (eds.) +1 other reference
Karlovy Vary Region Cheb District Aš ⓘ Vernéřov	Breiter K.
Karlovy Vary District Abertamy Hřebečná ⓘ Maurizi Mine (St. Maurizius shaft; Mauritius Mine; Beer Mine)	Sejkora et al. (2021)
Sokolov District ⓘ Horní Slavkov
Krásno ⓘ Huber stock (Huber shaft; Hub stock)	Sejkora et al. (2006)
Liberec Region ⓘ North Bohemian Uranium District	Scharm +7 other references
Semily District ⓘ Semily	Dolníček et al. (2023)
South Bohemian Region České Budějovice District Horní Stropnice ⓘ Šejby	Welser
Ústí nad Labem Region Chomutov District Březno ⓘ Libous quarry	Bouška
Kadaň Tušimice ⓘ Nástup Quarry	Bouška
Litoměřice District Podsedice ⓘ Podsedice pyrope deposit (Podseditz pyrope deposit)	Novák
DR Congo
North Kivu Beni Territory Bashu ⓘ Bingo carbonatite	Mineral. Deposita (Berl.) +1 other reference
Rutshuru Territory Bwito ⓘ Lueshe Mine	Wall et al. (1996)
South Kivu Mwenga Territory ⓘ Kobokobo pegmatite	V.D.C. Daltry (1992)
Europe
Ore Mountains ⓘ Zinnwald-Cínovec mining region	Sejkora et al. (2009)
Rhenish Massif ⓘ Stavelot Massif	Fransolet et al. (1997)
Finland
Lapland Savukoski Tulppio ⓘ Sokli carbonatite complex	Vartiainen
Pirkanmaa Orivesi Eräjärvi area ⓘ Viitaniemi pegmatite	Sandström et al. (2009)
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Allier Vichy Échassières ⓘ Beauvoir quarry	Queneau (n.d.) +1 other reference
Montmins mining district Le Mazet ⓘ Le Mazet vein	Uwe Kolitsch (EDS-analysis)
ⓘ Ste Barbe vein (Les Montmins)	54 (in German) +1 other reference
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Haute-Saône Lure ⓘ Chagey	Wittern et al. (Cologne)
Brittany Côtes-d'Armor Saint-Brieuc Caurel ⓘ N164 By-pass	Boisson et al. (2012)
Finistère Châteaulin Laz ⓘ Plessis quarry	Mindat's pics and Philippe SAGET collection. Stolzite et al. (J.-C. Leydet, P. Leroch', J.-P. Tissier, Ph. Saget...)
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Creuse Aubusson Soumans Montebras ⓘ Montebras Mines	Patureau et al. (2011)
Occitanie Aveyron Villefranche-de-Rouergue Prévinquières ⓘ Phosphate occurence	Jean-Marie LAURENT collection
Gard Nîmes Le Grau-du-Roi ⓘ Pointe de l’Espiguette beach alluvial deposits	BRGM (2000)
Pyrénées-Orientales Perpignan ⓘ Tautavel	Lacroix (1910)
ⓘ Caune de l'Arago	Quattropani et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Tarn Castres Fontrieu Fumade ⓘ Phosphate occurrence	GAYRAUD (2010)
Pays de la Loire Loire-Atlantique Châteaubriant-Ancenis Pannecé ⓘ La Floquerie quarry	Lheur C. (1993) +1 other reference
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-Maritimes Grasse Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne ⓘ Guano Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Nice Saint-Etienne-de-Tinée ⓘ Claï	Jean-Pierre Bourgarel collection - ...
Gabon
Moyen-Ogooué Province ⓘ Mabounie Nb prospect	Laval et al. (1988)
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Gengenbach Gengenbach ⓘ Silberbrünnle Mine	Lapis 23 (12)
Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta (1992)
Karlsruhe Region Calw ⓘ Neubulach	Walenta (1992)
Bavaria Lower Franconia Aschaffenburg District Mömbris Hemsbach ⓘ Quartzite quarry	Erik Hock
Upper Palatinate Amberg-Sulzbach District Auerbach in der Oberpfalz Nitzlbuch (Nitzelbuch) ⓘ Maffei Mine (Nitzelbuch Mine)	Dana 7:II:772
Schleichershof ⓘ Leonie I Mine	42. (in German) +2 other references
ⓘ Amberg	Palache et al. (1951)
Neustadt an der Waldnaab District Pleystein ⓘ Unnamed placers	Dill (2008)
Waidhaus Hagendorf ⓘ Hagendorf North Pegmatite	Dill H.G.: "Mineralogical and chemical ...
Schwandorf District Nabburg Lissenthan ⓘ Gisela Mine	Dill et al. (2010)
Schwarzach bei Nabburg Wölsendorf ⓘ Marienschacht Mine	Dill et al. (2010)
Hesse Giessen Region Lahn-Dill-Kreis Lahnau Waldgirmes ⓘ Rotläufchen Mine	Weiß (1990)
Limburg-Weilburg Limburg an der Lahn ⓘ Ahlbach	Palache et al. (1951)
Runkel ⓘ Dehrn	Palache et al. (1951)
Weinbach ⓘ Mark Mine	Blaß et al. (2010)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Bestwig ⓘ Föckinghausen quarry	Wittern (2001)
Sundern Hellefeld ⓘ Hardtkopf	Wittern (2001)
Soest Warstein ⓘ David Mine (Christiansglück Mine)	D. Pawlowski: "Mineralfundstellen im Sauerland" (Munich) +1 other reference
Rhineland-Palatinate Westerwaldkreis Wirges Dernbach ⓘ Schöne Aussicht Mine	SEM-EDS by Joy Desor
Saxony Görlitz District Neißeaue ⓘ Emmerichswalde	Witzke et al. (2013)
Vogtlandkreis Muldenhammer Tannenbergsthal Schneckenstein ⓘ Schneckenstein cliff (Königskrone Topaz Mine)	Lapis 15 (7/8)
Thuringia Greiz District Kauern ⓘ Lichtenberg Absetzer dump	T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8)
Ronneburg ⓘ Lichtenberg open cast	T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8)
Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki ⓘ Lavrion Mining District	Rieck et al. (2020)
Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) Mercati mines ⓘ Christiana Mine	Rieck et al. (2022)
Plaka Plaka mines ⓘ Plaka Porphyry Deposit ("Porphyry Hill")	Rieck et al. (2020)
Central Macedonia Serres Nea Zichni Alistrati ⓘ Orpheas cave	Natural History Museum Vienna collection (collected by Robert Seemann in 2006, PXRD-analysed by Christian L. Lengauer, University of Vienna)
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Rhodope Iasmos ⓘ Melitena prospect	Voudouris et al. (2013)
Maroneia-Sapes ⓘ Mavrokoryfi prospect	Voudouris (2005)
Guatemala
ⓘ El Petén Department	[Clark
Hungary
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Kazincbarcika District Dédestapolcsány ⓘ Rágyincs Valley	geomania.hu (2011)
Fejér County Bicskei District Bicske-Csordakút ⓘ Bauxite Deposit	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Mór District ⓘ Kincsesbánya	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Székesfehérvár District Gánt ⓘ Bagoly Hill	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Győr-Moson-Sopron County Fenyőfő ⓘ Fenyõfõ II Mine	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Kópháza ⓘ Kő hill quarry
Heves County Parádfürdő ⓘ Etelka mine	Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Loc.
ⓘ Hosszú-bérci Alum Quarry
Pétervására District Parádsasvár ⓘ Ilona Völgy (Helena Valley)	Sorrell (n.d.)
Recsk ⓘ Antal adit	GEODA 2013/2
ⓘ RM-48 adit (Lejtakna)	Szakáll et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Veszprém County Ajka District Halimba ⓘ Halimba bauxite deposit	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Iran
West Azerbaijan Province Mahabad County ⓘ Kolijan bauxite deposit	Abedini et al. (2024)
Ireland
Munster Kerry County ⓘ Ballybunnion	Moreton et al. (1995)
Limerick County Shanagolden ⓘ Fort Lismeenagh (Ballycormick)	King et al. (1993)
Israel
Haifa District Hof HaCarmel ⓘ et-Tabun Cave	Goldberg et al. (1975)
ⓘ Kebara Cave	Weiner et al. (1993)
Italy
Sicily Metropolitan City of Palermo Carini ⓘ Carburangeli Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Trapani Province Castellammare del Golfo ⓘ Abisso dei Cocci	Vattano M. et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) South Tyrol Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco) Pfitsch (Val di Vizze) Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo) ⓘ Vizze Pass (Pfitsch Pass; Pfitscher Joch)	Morteani et al. (1996)
Japan
Fukuoka Prefecture Fukuoka City ⓘ Nagatare (Nagatareyama; Nagatare mine)	Shirose et al. (2014)
Gunma Prefecture Agatsuma District Kusatsu ⓘ Okumanza Hot Spring	Matsubara (1998) +1 other reference
Kochi Prefecture Agawa District Ino ⓘ Shougase	Yamada (2004)
ⓘ Katsugase	Minakawa & Tamura (1995)
ⓘ Kochi City	Minakawa & Tamura (1995)
Shizuoka Prefecture Shimoda City Rendaiji ⓘ Kawazu mine (Rendaiji mine; Rendaizi mine)	Takashi Yamada et al. (1999)
Yamaguchi Prefecture Abu District Abu town ⓘ Hinomaru-Nako mine (Hinomaru-Nago mine)	Enju et al. (2017)
Kazakhstan
Aktobe Region Martuk District ⓘ Kuraili	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Jambyl Region Talas Alatau Range (Talas Ala-Too Range) ⓘ Djabagly Mts (Zhabagly Mts)	Ankinovich et al. (1997)
Turkistan Region ⓘ Karatau Range	Ankinovich et al. (1997)
Kosovo
Mitrovica District Mitrovica Trepča complex ⓘ Trepča Stari Trg Mine	Féraud J. (1979)
Kyrgyzstan
Batken Region Kadamjay District ⓘ Kara-Chagyr Mountain	Karpenko et al. (2009)
ⓘ Kara-Tangi U deposit	Uvarova et al. (2005)
Mexico
Coahuila Cuatro Ciénegas Municipality Cuatro Ciénegas (Cuatrociénegas de Carranza; Venustiano Carranza) Limestone caves ⓘ Rosillo cave	Forti (2006)
Durango Mapimí Municipality Mapimí ⓘ San Ilario Mine	Panczner (1987)
Namibia
Oshikoto Region ⓘ Tsumeb	Dmitry Tonkacheev's personal data
Netherlands
Aruba San Nicolaas ⓘ Ceru Colorado	Stienstra (1985)
Nigeria
Kogi Lokoja ⓘ Agbaja Iron Deposit	Mücke et al. (1999)
Niue
Norway
Innlandet Elverum Heradsbygda ⓘ Kjeksberget	Ljøstad et al. (2023)
Peru
Ancash Bolognesi Province Huallanca District Huanzala ⓘ Huanzala Mine	Joan Rosell (2018-2022)
La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Province Huamachuco Mundo Nuevo ⓘ Mundo Nuevo Mine	EDS analysis Frank Keutsch and XRD Tony ...
Santiago de Chuco Province Quiruvilca District ⓘ Quiruvilca Mine	Joan Rosell (2022)
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Wrocław County Gmina Kobierzyce ⓘ Pustków Wilczkowski	Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation)
Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie Brodziszów ⓘ Bucznik Hill ?	Ł.K. visual/comparative identification ...
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Kielce County Daleszyce ⓘ Podłazie hill quarry	Kruszewski et al. (2018)
Portugal
Beja Barrancos Barrancos ⓘ Minancos Mine	Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
Bragança Torre de Moncorvo Felgar e Souto da Velha ⓘ Fragas da Carvalhosa Mine	Pedro Alves collection and analytical ...
Castelo Branco Idanha-a-Nova União de Freg de Segura e Zebreira ⓘ Cerro Queimado	Cathelineau et al. (2024)
Évora Alandroal Alandroal (Nossa Senhora da Conceição)， São Brás dos Matos (Mina do Bugalho) e Juromenha (Nossa Senhora do Loreto) São Brás dos Matos ⓘ Bugalho Mine	Pedro Alves analytical data and ...
Viana do Castelo Viana do Castelo Montaria ⓘ Serra de Arga	Dias P et al. (2014)
Romania
Bihor County Bihor Mountains Firei valley ⓘ Humpleu Cave	Exel T. & Ottner F. (2015)
Caraş-Severin County Locva Mountains (Locvei Mountains) ⓘ Gaura cu Musca Cave	Onac et al. (2007)
Harghita County ⓘ Ditrău Complex	Hirtopanu (2006)
Hunedoara County Boșorod ⓘ Cioclovina cave	D. Dumitras (2000)
Suceava County Iacobeni ⓘ Arșița mine	Koller G.2010 Own found
Russia
Altai Krai ⓘ Denisova Cave	Sokol et al. (2022)
Buryatia Dzhida Basin ⓘ Ichetuyskoye	Jambor et al. (2001) +2 other references
Chelyabinsk Oblast Chebarkulsky District Zauralovo ⓘ Temir Mt. quarry	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Kaslinsky District ⓘ Boevskoe Be deposit (Boevka; Severnoye)	Pekov (1998)
Plastovsky District Svetlyi ⓘ Baturovsk quarry	Timophei Zefirov data +1 other reference
Komi Republic Timan Range ⓘ Schugorsk bauxite deposit	Mordberg (1999)
ⓘ Zhelannoye quartz deposit	Repina (2023)
Magadan Oblast Omsukchansky District Ducat ore field ⓘ Ducat Mine (Dukat Mine)	www.igem.ru (2001)
Moscow Oblast Ruzsky District ⓘ Shankinka iron occurrence	Ivan Novikov analytical data
Murmansk Oblast Kovdorsky District ⓘ Kovdor Massif	Ivanyuk et al. (2017)
ⓘ Kovdor Zheleznyi Mine	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Lovozero Massif	...
Sakha Polar Yakutia ⓘ Tomtor Massif	S.M. Kravchenko and B.G. Pokrovsky +1 other reference
ⓘ Tomtor deposit	Lazareva et al. (2015)
Rwanda
Western Province Ngororero District Muhororo ⓘ Buranga pegmatite	Daltry et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Senegal
Kédougou Region Saraya ⓘ Mount Kourou Diakouma	Keegan et al. (1979) +1 other reference
Thiès Region ⓘ Pallo Mine	Davidson et al. (2005)
Taiba ⓘ Taiba mine (Keur Mor Fall deposit)	rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.)
Serbia
Central Serbia Bor District ⓘ Gornja Lipa Mine	abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. ... +1 other reference
Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Banská Bystrica District Ľubietová ⓘ Jamešná deposit	Ozdín (2015)
Detva District Detva ⓘ Biely vrch	Juraj ŽItňan (2011)
Košice Region Rožňava District Čučma ⓘ Kutačka U-REE occurrence	Rojkovič (1999)
ⓘ Rožňava	Pauliš P.
Nitra Region Nitra District Nitra ⓘ Lupka quarry	Uher P. et al. (2009)
South Africa
Gauteng West Rand District Municipality Far West Rand Western Sector Carletonville ⓘ West Driefontein cave	Martini (1978)
Merafong City Local Municipality ⓘ Western Deep Levels 3 Mine	Fuchs et al. (2017)
KwaZulu-Natal iLembe District Municipality Sinkwazi ⓘ Stanger	Econ Geol (1989)
South Kordofan Sudan
ⓘ Uro	Abdelmajid et al. (2014)
Spain
Andalusia Málaga Málaga ⓘ Peinado Grande outcrop	Calvo (2015)
Aragon Teruel Castellote ⓘ Ladruñán	Bauluz et al. (2014)
Castile and Leon ⓘ Fregeneda–Almendra pegmatite field	Errandonea-Martin et al. (2022)
León Castrocalbón ⓘ Reguerón del Geijo	Calvo Rebollar (2015)
Salamanca ⓘ Aldehuela de la Bóveda pegmatite	Roda et al. (2001)
Garcirrey ⓘ Julita quarry (Cañada pegmatite)	Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007)
ⓘ La Fregeneda	Roda-Robles et al. (2010)
Zamora San Vicente de la Cabeza ⓘ Palazuelo de las Cuevas	Moro et al. (1995)
Catalonia Barcelona Baix Llobregat ⓘ Gavà	Camprubí et al. (4)
Bruguers ⓘ Cal Gairal street outcrops	Joan Rosell (2023)
ⓘ Elvira Mine (Rocabruna Mines)	Rosell-Riba et al. (2022)
Gavà Mines (Can Tintorer Mines) ⓘ Can Tintorer section	Díaz-Acha et al. (2022)
ⓘ Les Ferreres Range area	Díaz-Acha et al. (2022)
ⓘ Gavà Mines Archaeological Park (Can Tintorer Mines)	Bosch +6 other references
Vallès Occidental Montcada i Reixac ⓘ Montcada Hill Quarry	Mineralogistes de Catalunya (1997)
Lleida El Pallars Jussà La Vall Fosca La Torre de Cabdella Castell-estaó ⓘ Eureka mine	Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019)
Extremadura Cáceres ⓘ Belvis de Monroy	Merino et al. (2013)
Galicia Pontevedra Forcarei Forcarei South pegmatite field ⓘ Presqueira pegmatite	Roza Llera +3 other references
Murcia Lorca Ramonete ⓘ Loma de Bas tunnel	Georges FAVREAU collection and EDX ...
Navarre Esteríbar Eugui ⓘ Azcárate Quarry (Azkarate Quarry)	Calvo et al. (2003)
Sri Lanka
North Central Province Anuradhapura District ⓘ Eppawala	origin.island.lk (n.d.) +4 other references
Sudan
North Darfur ⓘ Jebel Tawiga	Schwarz et al. (1999)
Sweden
Norrbotten County Kiruna Svappavaara ⓘ Leveäniemi Mine	Bjällerud (1989) +1 other reference
Värmland County Torsby ⓘ Hålsjöberg	Grensman (1989)
Västra Götaland County Tidaholm ⓘ Hökensås	Ek et al. (1990)
Tajikistan
Sughd Ghafurov District ⓘ Biryuzakan deposit	webmineral.ru (n.d.)
Togo
Maritime Region ⓘ Dagpati	Gnandi et al. (2003)
ⓘ Hahotoé	Gnandi et al. (2003)
ⓘ Kpogamé	Gnandi et al. (2003)
ⓘ Avéto	Gnandi et al. (2003)
Uganda
Eastern Region Manafwa Bukusu complex ⓘ Busumbu deposit	www.uoguelph.ca (2004)
Western Region Ntungamo Ankole pegmatite field ⓘ Nyanga pegmatite	Oleg von Knorring (1979)
UK
England Cornwall ⓘ Wheal Jane (Falmouth Consolidated Mines)	Min.Rec.: 20 (5) +1 other reference
ⓘ Staffordshire	Wilson et al. (1966)
Wales Swansea Pennard ⓘ Pwll Du Head
USA
Alabama ⓘ Autauga County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Bullock County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Choctaw County	Cook et al. (1982)
Clarke County ⓘ Campbell Mountain	Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
ⓘ Crenshaw County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Dale County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Dallas County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Elmore County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Greene County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Hale County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Lowndes County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Macon County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Marengo County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Monroe County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Montgomery County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Perry County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Pickens County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Russell County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Sumter County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Wilcox County	Cook et al. (1982)
Arizona Cochise County Tombstone Mining District Silver Plume Mine ⓘ Emerald Mine	Marek Chorazewicz (2023)
Yavapai County ⓘ White Picacho Mining District ?	AmMin 67: 97-113 (1982)
Independence Gulch ⓘ Midnight Owl Mine	London
Arkansas Garland County Avant ⓘ Dug Hill	Arthur E. Smith (2008)
ⓘ de Linde Pits	Rocks & Min.:63:107. +1 other reference
ⓘ Stuart Schmitt deposit	Arthur E. Smith (2008)
Hot Springs ⓘ Hot Springs Water Works	Arthur E. Smith (2008)
Indian Mountain ⓘ Smith Whetstone Quarry	Rocks & Min.: 63:108. +1 other reference
ⓘ Malvern Minerals Company Mine	Rocks & Min.: 63: 108.
Hot Spring County Magnet Cove ⓘ Diamond Jo Quarry	Smith (1989) +1 other reference
ⓘ Montgomery County	Howard (1987)
ⓘ Mauldin Mountain	Peter Hargis
ⓘ Mauldin Mountain Quarries	Charles Creekmur collection
California El Dorado County Slate Mountains Slate Mountain District Slate Mountain ⓘ Slate Mountain Mine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 304 +2 other references
Mono County White Mountains White Mountain Peak ⓘ Champion Mine
Colorado Park County Montezuma Mining District Hall Valley (Hall's Valley) ⓘ Handcart Gulch	Bove
Routt County ⓘ Twentymile Park Mining District	Eckel et al. (1997)
Connecticut Middlesex County Portland Collins Hill Strickland pegmatite ⓘ Strickland Quarry ?	Schooner (1955)
Florida Alachua County Micanopy ⓘ US highway 441 roadcut	AmMin 57:473
Polk County Central Florida Phosphate Mining District (Bone Valley) Homeland ⓘ Clear Spring Mine	rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Homeland Mine	Altschuler et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Noralyn/Phosphoria Mines (IMC-Agrico) ⓘ Noralyn Mine	Marc V. Hurst (2012)
ⓘ Phosphoria Mine	Marc V. Hurst (2012)
Georgia Burke County Girard District ⓘ Girard	Rocks & Min.: 64:187.
Lincoln County ⓘ Graves Mountain	Graves Mountain and Magruder Mine +1 other reference
Polk County Cedartown ⓘ Brewer Mine (R.H. Brewer Mine)	Barwood et al. (1)
Indiana Lawrence County ⓘ Gardner Mine Ridge	AmMin 43:983 +1 other reference
Maine Oxford County Greenwood Uncle Tom Mountain ⓘ Emmons Quarry	Thompson et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Newry ⓘ Dunton Gem Quarry	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rose Quartz crystal locality (Pegmatite 24)	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Paris ⓘ Mount Mica Quarry	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Nevada Elko County Carlin Mining District ⓘ Rain Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Independence Mountains Mining District ⓘ Enfield Mine (Jerritt Canyon gold mine; Bell mine; Marlboro Canyon; Allchem; Generator Hill pits)	Castor et al. (2004)
Esmeralda County ⓘ Candelaria Mining District (Columbus Mining District)	Rocks & Minerals
Eureka County Carlin Trend Maggie Creek Mining Subdistrict ⓘ Gold Quarry Mine	Jensen et al. (1995)
Lynn Mining District Elko ⓘ Carlin Gold mine	Mineralogical Record 26:467
ⓘ Goldstrike Mines	Castor et al. (2004)
Humboldt County Iron Point Mining District Valmy ⓘ Silver Coin Mine	Paul Adams et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Osgood Mountains Potosi Mining District Adam Peak ⓘ Getchell Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Mineral County Candelaria Mining District ⓘ Argentum Mining Co. Mine (Northern Belle Mine; Holmes Mine)	Kampf et al. (2016)
Nye County Hot Creek Range Tybo Mining District ⓘ Warm Springs	Castor et al. (2004)
Pershing County Humboldt Range Willard Mining District ⓘ Willard Mine	Jensen et al. (2001)
New Hampshire Grafton County Alexandria ⓘ E.E. Smith Mine	Smith (2005)
Groton ⓘ Charles Davis Mine	Rocks & Min. 80:251
ⓘ Palermo No. 1 Mine	Rocks & Min. (July-Aug. 2002) +3 other references
ⓘ Palermo No. 2 Mine	Journal of Pegmatology vol. 1 +2 other references
Sullivan County Newport ⓘ Chandlers Mill Quarry	Smith (2005)
New Mexico Colfax County ⓘ Laughlin Peak	USGS Open File report 2010-5220
Grant County Burro Mountains Mining District Tyrone Area ⓘ Tyrone Mine	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ San Salvador Hill pit	Jerry Cone Collection
Socorro County Hansonburg District Bingham ⓘ Mex-Tex Mine	[Mineralogical Record 30:337]
North Carolina Lincoln County ⓘ Clubb Mountain deposit (Reese Mountain - Clubb Mountain deposit)	Espenshade
Pennsylvania Juniata County Lack Township East Waterford ⓘ W.L. Newman Phosphate Mine	The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania 1922-1965 +1 other reference
ⓘ Perulack	Mark R. Heintzelman Reference collection
Northampton County Lower Saucon Township Hellertown ⓘ Bachman Mine	Kampf et al. (2012)
Puerto Rico Mayagüez ⓘ Mona Island	Onac et al. (2011)
ⓘ Monito Island (Moneta Island; Muna Muna Island)	Wise (1997)
South Dakota Custer County Custer Mining District Fourmile ⓘ Tip Top Mine	Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. +1 other reference
Lawrence County Bald Mountain Mining District (Portland Mining District) ⓘ Wharf Mine	Loomis (2011)
Pennington County Harney City ⓘ Everly Mine (Riverton lode)	Smith et al. (2000)
Keystone Mining District Keystone ⓘ Hugo Mine	Smith et al. (2000)
Utah Box Elder County Utahlite Hill ⓘ Utahlite claim	J. Marty (1995)
East Tintic Mountains ⓘ Tintic Mining District	Clark (1993)
Juab County Tintic Mining District Silver City ⓘ Brooklyn Mine (TL)	Loughlin and Schaller (1917) +3 other references
Tooele County Stansbury Mountains ⓘ Amatrice Hill	Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references
Utah County Sunshine Mining District Fairfield ⓘ Clay Canyon	Larsen et al. (1942) +2 other references
ⓘ Little Green Monster Variscite Mine	Wilson (2010)
Virginia Alleghany County Clifton Forge Iron Mining District ⓘ Island Ford Cave	Dietrich (1990)
Bath County ⓘ Butler Cave	NSS Bulletin 44:90-97 (1982)
Buckingham County Farmville Mining District Sprouses Corner ⓘ Willis Mountain Mine	Giannini et al. (1) +1 other reference
Campbell County Alta Vista ⓘ Andalusite locality	Dietrich (1990)
Frederick County Gore ⓘ Glass Sand Corp. Quarry	Rocks & Min.:60:167.
Washington ⓘ Mount Rainier National Park	Rye et al. (2003)
West Virginia ⓘ Taylor County	Bauer et al. (2022)
Wisconsin Jackson County ⓘ Merrillan	Klemic et al. (1972) +1 other reference
Rusk County Ladysmith-Rhinelander Metavolcanic Complex Ladysmith ⓘ Flambeau Mine	Jones +1 other reference
Wyoming Crook County ⓘ Bear Lodge alkaline igneous complex	Van Rythoven et al. (2020)
Uzbekistan
Navoiy Kokpatas village ⓘ Alisay	Mineraly Uzbekistana (Minerals of the Uzbekistan)