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Coloradoite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About ColoradoiteHide

02903880014947070865703.jpg
Colorado State Flag
Formula:
HgTe
Colour:
Iron black tending toward gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
Specific Gravity:
8.10
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named in 1877 by Frederick Genth for the type localities which are in Colorado.
Also, coloradoite (of Niggli), a variety of quartz latite that corresponds to the opdalitic magma-type of Niggli (1923)


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1110
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1110:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
94c352eb-0bb6-4a63-a8bf-2f92fad2c5f0

IMA Classification of ColoradoiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of ColoradoiteHide

2.CB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
2.8.2.5

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.5.8

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
5 : Sulphides etc. of Hg and Tl

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
ClrIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
ClrThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of ColoradoiteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of ColoradoiteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Iron black tending toward gray
Comment:
May tarnish to dull purple
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=25 - 28 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
8.10 g/cm3 (Measured)    8.092 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ColoradoiteHide

Anisotropism:
Moderate, dark brownish red to blue-gray
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR
400nm33.8%
420nm35.4%
440nm36.5%
460nm36.9%
480nm36.5%
500nm36.1%
520nm35.9%
540nm36.2%
560nm37.0%
580nm38.2%
600nm38.6%
620nm38.2%
640nm37.4%
660nm36.7%
680nm36.0%
700nm35.5%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 38.6%.
Colour in reflected light:
White with a slight grayish brown tint, tarnishing to dull purple

Chemistry of ColoradoiteHide

Mindat Formula:
HgTe
Common Impurities:
Pb

Crystallography of ColoradoiteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
4 3m - Hextetrahedral
Space Group:
F4 3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.453 Å
Unit Cell V:
268.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Massive, granular

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0017666Coloradoitede Jong W (1926) Die Struktur des Tiemannit und Koloradoit. _cod_database_code 1010945 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 63 466-47219260293
0011528ColoradoiteWyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 85-23719630293
0017442ColoradoiteZachariasen W (1926) Die Kristallstruktur der Telluride von Zink, Cadmium und Quecksilber _cod_database_code 1010537 Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 8 302-30619260293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.728 Å(100)
3.231 Å(5)
2.283 Å(60)
1.947 Å(33)
1.6154 Å(5)
1.4819 Å(10)
1.3183 Å(10)
1.2431 Å(3)
1.1419 Å(3)
1.0920 Å(3)
1.0216 Å(2)
0.9852 Å(1)
0.9525 Å(2)
0.9046 Å(3)
0.8634 Å(3)
0.8412 Å(3)
Comments:
ICDD 32-665 Synthetic

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Geological Setting:
Hydrothermal, tellurium bearing precious metal veins.

Type Occurrence of ColoradoiteHide

Synonyms of ColoradoiteHide

Other Language Names for ColoradoiteHide

Simplified Chinese:碲汞矿
Spanish:Coloradoita

Relationship of Coloradoite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
BrowneiteMnS Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
HawleyiteCdSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
Ishiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
MetacinnabarHgSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
Rudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
SphaleriteZnSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
StilleiteZnSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
TiemanniteHgSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
86 photos of Coloradoite associated with QuartzSiO2
77 photos of Coloradoite associated with GoldAu
43 photos of Coloradoite associated with SylvaniteAgAuTe4
42 photos of Coloradoite associated with HessiteAg2Te
36 photos of Coloradoite associated with HematiteFe2O3
35 photos of Coloradoite associated with PyriteFeS2
33 photos of Coloradoite associated with CalaveriteAuTe2
31 photos of Coloradoite associated with PetziteAg3AuTe2
30 photos of Coloradoite associated with MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4
15 photos of Coloradoite associated with AltaitePbTe

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4Orth.
2.CB.RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.GachingiteAu(Te1-xSex)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.TolstykhiteAu3S4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.HanswilkeiteKFeS2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.AuroselenideAuSeMon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.Ruizhongite(Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
2.CB.OkruginiteCu2SnSe3Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.05aHawleyiteCdSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)STet.
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05UM1998-15-S:CuFeZnCu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aIshiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.07aShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.07aUnnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulpide)Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.10aChalcopyriteCuFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 2 2 2
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2m
2.CB.10bPutoraniteCu1.1Fe1.2S2Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pn3m
2.CB.10aRoquesiteCuInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10aUnnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10aUM1984-30-S:CuFeSnCu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10cOmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aIdaiteCu5FeS6Hex.
2.CB.15aKësteriteCu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aKuramiteCu3SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3Mon.
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15cUM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZnCu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.17a vArsenic-bearing RenieriteCu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.30Argyropyritenear Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30ColusiteCu13VAs3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.CB.30FrieseiteAg2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8Iso.
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16Tet.
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsSOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42LingbaoiteAgTe3Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45RambergiteMnSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45MaletoyvayamiteAu3Se4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.47MurchisiteCr5S6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c
2.CB.50ZincselenideZnSe
2.CB.50WassoniteTiSTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.CB.52DzhezkazganiteReMoCu2PbS6 ?Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2Orth.
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTeOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.80EmpressiteAgTeOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Fluorescence of ColoradoiteHide

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ColoradoiteHide

References for ColoradoiteHide

Localities for ColoradoiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Armenia
 
  • Kotayk Province
    • Hrazdan
Kovalenker et al. (1990)
Kovalenker et al. (2006)
  • Syunik Province
    • Kapan
      • Kapan
Mederer et al. (2019)
Australia
 
  • Northern Territory
    • West Arnhem Region
      • South Alligator River
Brickell (1980) +1 other reference
  • Queensland
    • Rockhampton Region
      • Mount Morgan
Lawrence (2000)
  • South Australia
    • Roxby Downs
Ehrig et al. (2012)
  • Western Australia
    • Coolgardie Shire
      • Kambalda
        • Kambalda Nickel mines
Thorne (n.d.)
      • Kalgoorlie-Boulder
Canadian Mineralogist (2003) +1 other reference
Robert Noble specimen
The Register newspaper (Adelaide)
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948) +2 other references
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948) +1 other reference
Rocks & Minerals (2010)
Based on specimen held in the Western Australian Museum (see photo)
Simpson (1948)
Mueller et al. (2019)
Robert Noble specimen
Austria
 
  • Lower Austria
    • Neunkirchen District
      • Gloggnitz
        • Eichberg
Kolitsch (2019)
  • Salzburg
    • St. Johann im Pongau District
      • Mühlbach am Hochkönig
        • Mitterberg mining district
Paar et al. (1978) +1 other reference
    • Zell am See District
      • Rauris
        • Ritterkopf massif
          • Ritterkopf
J. TAUCHER & W. H. PAAR (1993)
  • Vorarlberg
    • Bludenz District
      • Silbertal
        • Fresch alp
          • Valschavielkopf (Eisernes Tor)
Kolitsch (2014)
Bulgaria
 
  • Sofia Province
    • Chelopech Municipality
Cook et al. (2002)
Burkina Faso
 
  • Est Region
    • Gnagna Province
      • Piéla Department
        • Diabatou
Klemd +2 other references
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Clinton Mining Division
      • 100 Mile House
        • Hawkins Lake
Blann et al. (2006)
    • Osoyoos Mining Division
      • Olalla
Robert C. Smit
  • Manitoba
    • Flin Flon District
      • Bear Lake
Olivo et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Newfoundland
      • Baie Verte Peninsula
        • Baie Verte
Stefanie M. Brueckner et al. (2016)
      • Burin Peninsula
Sparkes et al. (2016)
  • Ontario
    • Cochrane District
      • Timmins
ontariominerals.com
    • Greater Sudbury
      • Mackelcan Township
Schandl (2004)
    • Kenora District
      • Balmer Township
Rocks & Minerals 79:2 pp94-99
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Bomby Township
ontariominerals.com
Sabina (1991)
    • Timiskaming District
Geological Survey of Canada +2 other references
Sabina (2003)
Sabina (2003)
Sabina (1974) +2 other references
Sabina (1974)
Sabina (1974)
Sabina (2003)
Sabina (1974)
Sabina (1974)
  • Québec
    • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
      • Abitibi-Ouest RCM
Azevedo et al. (2022)
      • La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM
        • Val d'Or
Sabina (2003)
      • Rouyn-Noranda TE
Am Min (1948)
Chile
 
  • Atacama
    • Chañaral Province
      • Potrerillos
Thompson et al. (2004) +1 other reference
China
 
  • Gansu
    • Dingxi
      • Min Co.
Yanming Lu et al. (2006) +3 other references
  • Heilongjiang
    • Heihe
      • Aihui District
Jun Lü et al. (2009) +6 other references
  • Henan
    • Luoyang
      • Luoning County
Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1999) +1 other reference
  • Hubei
    • Huangshi
      • Yangxin Co.
        • Fengshan ore field
Nan et al. (2023)
  • Jiangxi
    • Jiujiang
      • Ruichang Co.
Qiuming Chen (1990)
  • Jilin
    • Baishan
      • Hunjiang District
Keevil et al. (2022)
      • Linjiang County
Keevil et al. (2022)
  • Shandong
    • Linyi
      • Pingyi County
        • Tongshi complex
Qiu Jiansheng et al. (1999) +2 other references
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Prague-West District
      • Jílové u Prahy
        • Studené
Lapis 2000 (4)
      • Petrov
        • Bohuliby
Lapis 2000 (4)
  • Liberec Region
    • Jablonec nad Nisou District
      • Jílové u Držkova
Mineralogy and geology prospecting
Fiji
 
  • Viti Levu
    • Navilawa
16th Australian Geological Convention +1 other reference
    • Vatukoula Gold Field (Tavua Gold Field)
      • Vatukoula
Econ.Geol.: 83: 395-404. +5 other references
Finland
 
  • Pirkanmaa
    • Orivesi
Economic Geology (1996)
France
 
  • Corsica
    • Haute-Corse
      • Corte
F. Aye
F. Aye
F. Aye
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Hautes-Alpes
      • Briançon
        • Saint-Véran
P. Picot
Germany
 
  • Saxony
    • Bautzen District
      • Sohland an der Spree
Sandmann et al. (2015)
Ghana
 
  • Ashanti Region
    • Obuasi Gold Project
Mineralogical Magazine 1990 54 : 617-627 +1 other reference
Greece
 
  • Central Greece
    • Euboea
      • Karystos
Voudouris et al. (2018)
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Evros
      • Alexandroupoli
Voudouris (2006) +2 other references
Guyana
 
  • Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region
    • Omai
...
Gabriel Voicu (1999)
Hungary
 
  • Heves County
    • Pétervására District
      • Recsk
India
 
  • Odisha
    • Keonjhar District
Canadian Mineralogist 40:277-309
Iran
 
  • West Azerbaijan Province
    • Takab County
Asadi et al. (2000)
Italy
 
  • Sardinia
    • South Sardinia Province
Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)
Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) +1 other reference
Ruggieri et al. (1)
Ruggieri et al. (1)
Ruggieri et al. (1)
  • Tuscany
    • Lucca Province
      • Stazzema
        • Pontestazzemese
Dini et al. (1995)
Japan
 
  • Aomori Prefecture
    • Mutsu City
Aoki (1988)
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Iburi Subprefecture
      • Date City
Honma et al. (1989) +1 other reference
    • Ishikari Subprefecture
      • Sapporo City
田中崇裕・濱根大輔: ...
Kazakhstan
 
  • Karaganda Region
    • Karkaraly
Baibatsha et al. (2015)
Mali
 
  • Kayes Region
    • Kayes Cercle
Masurel et al. (2017)
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Urique Municipality
Anisimov et al. (2001)
  • Sonora
    • Moctezuma Municipality
      • Moctezuma
Bonev et al. (2005)
Christian Rewitzer personal collection ...
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Zagora Province
Tuduri et al. (2018)
New Zealand
 
  • Waikato Region
    • Thames-Coromandel District
      • Thames
Railton et al. (1990)
Norway
 
  • Trøndelag
    • Røyrvik
Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ...
Papua New Guinea
 
  • Enga Province
    • Mount Hagen
      • Mount Kare Valley
Cameron (2013)
Peru
 
  • Arequipa
    • Castilla Province
      • Orcopampa District
Gibson (1992)
    • Condesuyos Province
      • Rio Grande district
Crespo +4 other references
Philippines
 
  • Luzon
    • Cordillera Administrative Region
      • Benguet Province
        • Itogon
Callow et al. (1965) +2 other references
Portugal
 
  • Beja
    • Castro Verde
      • Santa Bárbara de Padrões
Gaspar (2002)
Romania
 
  • Hunedoara County
    • Brad
      • Mustari
Săbău et al. (2014)
    • Buceș
G. Cioflica et al. (1993)
    • Certeju de Sus
      • Bocşa Mare
Andrei Ionuț Apopei et al. (2016)
Bindi et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Bashkortostan
    • Baymaksky District
Maslennikov et al. (2005) +1 other reference
    • Uchalinsky District
      • Il'insky ore field
Падучина et al. (2019)
Tseluyko et al. (2019) +1 other reference
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Agapovsky District
Kasatkin et al. (2022)
    • Kartalinsky District
Plotinskaya et al. (2018)
    • Sosnovsky District
Plotinskaya et al. (2014)
Lehmann et al. (1999) +2 other references
    • Verkhneuralsky District
      • Uzelga VHMS deposits
        • Mezhozerny settlement
Amplieva (2008)
Maslennikov et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Vikentyev I.V. e.a. (2004)
Maslennikov et al. (2013)
  • Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
    • Chaunskii District (Chaun)
      • Ilirney ore district
Nikolaev et al. (2013) +1 other reference
    • Okhotsk-Chukotka belt
Yakich et al. (2021)
  • Irkutsk Oblast
    • Khuzhir ore field
B. B. Damdinov et al. (2016)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Bystrinsky District
Okrugin
Sidorov et al. (2017, August)
    • Koryak Okrug
      • Olyutorsky district
        • Korf
Sidorov et al. (2009)
    • Yelizovsky District
Okrugin et al. (an Example of Mutnovsky Geothermal Area, Southern Kamchatka)
  • Khabarovsk Krai
AA et al. (2021)
Буханова (2018)
    • Tuguro-Chumikansky District
Marian et al. (2022)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge)
Silyanov et al. (2021) +1 other reference
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Northern Karelia
      • Salla-Kuolajarvi belt
Kalinin (2021)
Chernyavsky et al. (2012) +1 other reference
  • Novosibirsk Oblast
Nevolko et al. (2019)
  • Orenburg Oblast
    • Gay
Vikent'ev et al. (2006)
    • Mednogorsk District
      • Sakmara Zone
Simonov et al. (2006)
  • Republic of Karelia
Polekhovskiy et al. (2005)
[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Aldan
      • Kuranakh ore field
Kondratieva et al. (2021)
Mills et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Leontev et al. (2018)
      • Yukhtinsky
Kondratieva et al. (2021)
    • Aldansky District
      • Upper Amga gold-mining district
        • Khokhoy Gold Ore Field
          • Verkhneamginskaya auriferous zone
Kasatkin et al. (2022)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Beryozovsky
Lehmann et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Azovskova et al. (2013, January)
    • Nevyansky District
Mineralogy of Ural: native elements
    • Serovsky District
      • Turya river
        • Tur'insk
Stepanov +11 other references
  • Tuva
    • Sut-Kholsky District
      • Aldan-Maadyr ore cluster
Kuzhuget et al. (2015)
  • Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
    • Kershor Complex
Vikentyev et al. (2023)
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
      • Mníšek nad Hnilcom
Bancík et al. (2022)
    • Rožňava District
      • Pača
Martin Števko-unpublished
South Africa
 
  • Mpumalanga
    • Gert Sibande District Municipality
      • Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality
        • Waterval
www.minsoc.org.za (2005)
H.F.J. Theart and C.D. de Nooy (2001)
  • Northern Cape
    • Namakwa District Municipality
Cairncross (2004)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Níjar
        • Rodalquilar
Ignacio Gaspar Collection
Sweden
 
  • Västerbotten County
    • Skellefteå
      • Skellefte mining district
International Geological Congress (2008)
        • Boliden
Ossian Åström (2015)
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 42
Switzerland
 
  • Valais
    • Goms
      • Binn
        • Fäld
XRD and WDS analyses by Prof. Nestola (Padua, I) +2 other references
    • Östlich Raron
      • Bitsch
        • Massa Gorge
Stalder et al. (1998)
UK
 
  • Wales
    • Pembrokeshire
      • Wiston
Norton et al. (2000) +1 other reference
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Matanuska-Susitna Borough
      • Willow Creek Mining District
- (2008)
  • California
    • Calaveras County
      • Carson Hill Mining District (Melones Mining District)
www.mineralsocal.org
        • Melones
          • Carson Hill Gold Mining Company Mines (Carson Hill Mines)
Mineralogical Record (1989)
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 125. +2 other references
    • Tuolumne County
      • Jamestown District
        • Jamestown
Leicht et al. (1994)
      • Tuttletown Mining District
        • Tuttletown
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 109 +5 other references
  • Colorado
    • Boulder County
      • Balarat Mining District
Dana 7:I:219. +1 other reference
      • Boulder County Tungsten Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Caribou Mining District
        • Grand Island
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Dana 7:I:219.
      • Gold Hill Mining District
        • Gold Hill
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
        • Sunshine
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Jamestown Mining District
Kelly et al. (1969)
Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Dana 7:I:219.
      • Magnolia Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
Lovering et al. (1950)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Sugarloaf Mining District
        • Crisman
Natural History Museum Vienna collection (catalogued in 1893)
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Ward Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Clear Creek County
      • Georgetown District
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Lamartine Mining District
U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +2 other references
    • Gunnison County
      • Vulcan Mining District (Cebolla Mining District; Domingo Mining District)
        • Vulcan
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Hinsdale County
      • Lake City Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
        • Lake City
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • La Plata County
      • La Plata Mining District (California Mining District)
Rocks & Min.:64:500. +1 other reference
Summerlin (2014)
- (2005)
- (2005)
Eckel et al. (1997)
- (2005)
- (2005)
    • Lake County
      • Alicante
POHL et al. (1990)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Montezuma County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • San Juan County
      • Brown's Gulch
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Teller County
      • Cripple Creek Mining District
        • Cripple Creek
Kadel-Harder (2020)
        • Eclipse Gulch
Eckel et al. (1997)
        • Gold Hill
Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
  • Montana
    • Jefferson County
      • Whitehall Mining District (Cardwell Mining District)
Economic Geology (1996) +1 other reference
    • Madison County
      • Norwegian Mining District (Whitehall Mining District)
Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 871-876
  • Nevada
    • Humboldt County
      • Osgood Mountains
        • Potosi Mining District
          • Adam Peak
Dunning (1988) +1 other reference
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
Osterberg (1990)
- (2005)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Nye County
      • Toquima Range
        • Round Mountain Mining District
Cooper et al. (1991)
    • Washoe County
      • Pah Rah Range (Pah Rah Mts)
        • Olinghouse Mining District (White Horse Mining District)
R&M 79:1 p44-54
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Cabarrus County
Callahan
    • Montgomery County
      • Carolina Slate Belt
Callahan
  • Oregon
    • Baker County
      • Cornucopia Mining District
        • Cornucopia
          • Cornucopia Mine
Robert C. Smith
  • Utah
    • Utah County
      • East Tintic Mining District
SEM-EDS analyzed by Dr. Rob Bowell.
Uzbekistan
 
  • Tashkent Region
    • Ohangaron District
Kovalenker (2003) +1 other reference
Kovalenker et al. (1997) +3 other references
Zimbabwe
 
  • Midlands
    • Kwekwe District
Afifi et al. (1988) +1 other reference
Venus
 
 
矿物 and/or 产地  
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