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Chromium

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Chromium (2)

Search Photos of Chromium

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Chromium

Sichuan, China

Chromium, etc.

Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE ore field, Danba Co., Garzê Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China

Chromium

Sichuan, China

Chromium, etc.

Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE ore field, Danba Co., Garzê Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China

Chromium

Sichuan, China

Chromium, etc.

Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE ore field, Danba Co., Garzê Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China

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About ChromiumHide

Formula:

Colour:

White

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

7.17

Crystal System:

Isometric

Name:

From the Greek chroma, color, since all chromium compounds are colored.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Anduo Cr deposit, Amdo Co. (Anduo Co.), Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture), Tibet, China

This page provides mineralogical data about Chromium.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1037

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1037:1

GUID
(UUID V4):

804fd70b-f682-40f6-ab00-536c32fa5b2c

IMA Classification of ChromiumHide

IMA status:

Approved

First published:

1981

Classification of ChromiumHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

1.AE.05

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
E : Iron-chromium family

Dana 7th ed.:

1.1.15.1

Dana 8th ed.:

1.1.12.1

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group

Hey's CIM Ref.:

1.55

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Cr	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of ChromiumHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

White

Hardness:

9 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=1875 - 2000 - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Comment:

On synthetic material

Density:

7.17 g/cm³ (Measured) 7.20 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of ChromiumHide

Type:

Isotropic

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R
480nm	65.3%
546nm	67.9%
589nm	68.8%
656nm	70.0%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 70.0%.

Colour in reflected light:

White with yellow tint

Chemistry of ChromiumHide

Mindat Formula:

Elements listed:

Cr - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of ChromiumHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Im3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 2.8839 Å

Unit Cell V:

23.99 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Grains to 20 microns.

Comment:

Synthetic

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0007057	Chromium	Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352	2004	Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia	293
0007058	Chromium	Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352	2004	Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia	293
0007059	Chromium	Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352	2004	Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia	293
0007060	Chromium	Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352	2004	Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia	293
0007061	Chromium	Bosi F, Lucchesi S, Reznitskii L (2004) Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series European Journal of Mineralogy 16 345-352	2004	Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia	293
0011144	Chromium	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Cubic closest packed, ccp, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83	1963		293
0011170	Chromium	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Hexagonal closest packed, hcp, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83	1963		293
0011209	Chromium	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Body centered cubic, bcc, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83	1963		293
0014168	Chromium	Kimoto K, Nishida I (1967) An electron diffraction study on the crystal structure of a new modification of chromium Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 22 744-756	1967	synthetic	293
0014671	Chromium	Bradley A J, Ollard E F (1926) Allotropy of chromium Nature 117 122-122	1926	synthetic	293
0015114	Chromium	Hull A W, Davey W P (1919) Crystal structure of chromium Physical Review 14 540-540	1919		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Chromium-dravite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Bosi F'
'Lucchesi S'
'Reznitskii L'
_journal_name_full 'European Journal of Mineralogy'
_journal_volume 16 
_journal_year 2004
_journal_page_first 345
_journal_page_last 352
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal chemistry of the dravite-chromdravite series
 Note: Tourmaline TMt3b
;
_database_code_amcsd 0007057
_chemical_compound_source 'Sludyanka crystalline complex, Lake Baikal, Russia'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Na.88 Ca.073 K.017 Cr4.347 Mg2.244 V.354 Fe.051 Zn.021 Ti.003 Al2.1 Si5.886 B3 O30.618 F.381 H3.009'
_cell_length_a 16.0539
_cell_length_b 16.0539
_cell_length_c 7.3247
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 1634.864
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.295
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R 3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
NaX   0.00000   0.00000   0.22550   0.88000   0.01710
CaX   0.00000   0.00000   0.22550   0.07300   0.01710
KX   0.00000   0.00000   0.22550   0.01700   0.01710
CrY   0.12335   0.06168   0.63774   0.71100   0.00408
MgY   0.12335   0.06168   0.63774   0.14600   0.00408
V3+Y   0.12335   0.06168   0.63774   0.11800   0.00408
Fe2+Y   0.12335   0.06168   0.63774   0.01700   0.00408
ZnY   0.12335   0.06168   0.63774   0.00700   0.00408
Ti4+Y   0.12335   0.06168   0.63774   0.00100   0.00408
CrZ   0.29779   0.26179   0.60896   0.36900   0.00450
AlZ   0.29779   0.26179   0.60896   0.33100   0.00450
MgZ   0.29779   0.26179   0.60896   0.30100   0.00450
SiT   0.19001   0.18832   0.00000   0.98100   0.00410
AlT   0.19001   0.18832   0.00000   0.01900   0.00410
B   0.10977   0.21954   0.45430   1.00000   0.00450
O1W   0.00000   0.00000   0.76520   0.60900   0.00540
F1W   0.00000   0.00000   0.76520   0.38100   0.00540
O-H1W   0.00000   0.00000   0.76520   0.00900   0.00540
O2   0.06021   0.12042   0.48910   1.00000   0.00590
O3V   0.25640   0.12820   0.50980   1.00000   0.00880
O4   0.09250   0.18500   0.07170   1.00000   0.00900
O5   0.18240   0.09120   0.09130   1.00000   0.00860
O6   0.19138   0.18214   0.78020   1.00000   0.00630
O7   0.28320   0.28263   0.07370   1.00000   0.00810
O8   0.20739   0.26778   0.43770   1.00000   0.00930
H3V   0.25900   0.12950   0.39000   1.00000   0.14000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.04 Å	(100)
1.1774 Å	(30)
0.9120 Å	(20)
1.0195 Å	(18)
1.4419 Å	(16)
0.8325 Å	(6)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
13 : Hadean serpentinization
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
38 : Ophiolites

Type Occurrence of ChromiumHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Anduo Cr deposit, Amdo Co. (Anduo Co.), Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture), Tibet, China

General Appearance of Type Material:

Grains of about 20 µm in size. Rimmed by danbaite.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

National Museum for Geology; Beijing, China, number M10485 (type).

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Heavy sands derived from contact metamorphic zone between siliceous marble and ultramafic rock.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of ChromiumHide

IMA1980-094

Other Language Names for ChromiumHide

Afrikaans:Chroom

Albanian:Kromi

Arabic:كروم

Armenian:Քրոմ

Asturian:Cromu

Azeri:Xrom

Basque:Kromo

Belarusian:Хром

Bengali:ক্রোমিয়াম

Bosnian:Hrom

Bulgarian:Хром

Catalan:Crom

Corsican:Cromu

Croatian:Krom

Czech:Chróm

Danish:Krom

Dutch:Chroom

Esperanto:Kromo

Estonian:Kroom

Farsi/Persian:کروم

Finnish:Kromi

French:Chrome

Friulian:Crom

Galician:Cromo

German:Chrom

Greek:Χρώμιο

Haitian:Kwòm

Hebrew:כרום

Hindi:क्रोमियम

Hungarian:Króm

Icelandic:Króm

Ido:Kromio

Indonesian:Kromium

Italian:Cromo

Japanese:クロム
自然クロム

Kannada:ಕ್ರೋಮಿಯಮ್

Korean:크로뮴

Kurdish (Latin Script):Krom

Latin:Chromium

Latvian:Hroms

Lithuanian:Chromas

Lojban:rogjinme

Low Saxon/Low German:Chrom

Luxembourgish:Chrom

Macedonian:Хром

Malay:Kromium

Malayalam:ക്രോമിയം

Manx:Cromium

Maori:Konukita

Nahuatl:Tlapāltepoztli

Norwegian:Krom

Norwegian (Nynorsk):Krom

Occitan:Cròme

Polish:Chrom

Portuguese:Crômio

Quechua:Krumu

Romanian:Crom

Russian:Хром

Saterland Frisian:Chrom

Serbian:Хром

Serbo-Croatian:Hrom

Sicilian:Cromu

Simplified Chinese:自然铬

Slovak:Chróm

Slovenian:Krom

Spanish:Cromo

Swahili:Chromi

Swedish:Krom

Tamil:குரோமியம்

Thai:โครเมียม

Turkish:Krom

Ukrainian:Хром

Uzbek (Latin Script):Xrom

Vietnamese:Crom

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

1 photo of Chromium associated with Chromferide	Fe₃Cr_1-x (x=0.6)
1 photo of Chromium associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
1 photo of Chromium associated with Platinum	Pt
1 photo of Chromium associated with Oreillyite	Cr₂N
1 photo of Chromium associated with Kahlenbergite	KAl₁₁O₁₇
1 photo of Chromium associated with Corundum	Al₂O₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

1.AE.	Vanadium	V	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Im3m
1.AE.05	Molybdenum	Mo	Iso.
1.AE.05	Iron	Fe	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Im3m
1.AE.05	Tungsten	W	Iso.
1.AE.05	UM2001-06-E:CrFeNi	Fe₇Cr₂Ni
1.AE.05	Hexamolybdenum	(Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AE.10	Taenite	(Fe,Ni)	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AE.10	Tetrataenite	FeNi	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AE.10	Antitaenite	Fe₃Ni
1.AE.15	Chromferide	Fe₃Cr_1-x (x=0.6)	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AE.15	Ferchromide	Cr₃Fe_1-x	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AE.15	Wairauite	CoFe	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AE.20	Awaruite	Ni₃Fe	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AE.25	Jedwabite	Fe₇(Ta,Nb)₃	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
1.AE.30	Manganese	Mn	Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
1.AE.35	Nisnite	Ni₃Sn	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ChromiumHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1037.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Search Engines:

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Look for Chromium in the Rock H. Currier Digital Library

External Links:

Look for Chromium on Webmineral

Look for Chromium on Wikipedia

Look for Chromium on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

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References for ChromiumHide

Reference List:

Zhu, M., Liu Y.(1981) Discovery of native chromium in Xizang (Tibet). Chinese Science Bulletin: 26(11): 1014-1017.

Suqin, Y., Wenying, W., Suqiong, S. (1981) A new mineral - Native chromium. Kexue Tongbao [Chinese Science Bulletin]: 26(15): 959-960. [in Chinese]

Fleischer, Michael, Chao, George Y., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 67. 854-860 pp.854-855

(2023) Chromium. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for ChromiumHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Asia
Tian Shan ⓘ Kurama Range (Kuruminsky Range; Kuraminskii Range)	Rappenglück (2022)

Belarus
Mogilev Region Babruysk District ⓘ Bobruisk Ring Structure	Levitskiy et al. (2018, July)

Canada
British Columbia Greenwood Mining Division Bridesville ⓘ Old Nick Mine	MINFILE No 082ESW055

China
Henan Nanyang Tongbai County ⓘ Liu village	Peixue Tian et al. (1983)
Xichuan County ⓘ Maotang Au deposit	Zexian Xu et al. (1987)
Jiangsu Lianyungang Donghai Co. Maobei ⓘ CCSD Main Hole	Jingsui Yang et al. (2006)
Liaoning Dalian Wafangdian City Fuxian Kimberlite field Toudaogou (incl. Pipes No. 51; 68 & 74) ⓘ Pipe No. 50 ?	Zhao +1 other reference
Shandong Linyi Mengyin County Mengyin Kimberlite field Changma Kimberlite belt Wangcun deposit ⓘ Shengli pipes	Gorshkov et al. (2006)
Sichuan Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture) Danba Co. Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE ore field ⓘ Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE deposit	Yue Suqin et al. (1981)
Tibet Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture) Amdo Co. (Anduo Co.) ⓘ Anduo Cr deposit (TL)	Mingyu Zhu and Yunxiang Liu (1981)
Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture) Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.) ⓘ Luobusha ophiolite ("Luobusa ophiolite")	Wenji Bai et al. (2001)
Xinjiang Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture) Tacheng Prefecture (Tarbaghatay Prefecture) Tuoli Co. (Toli Co.) Sartohay (Sartokay; Sartuohai; Saertuohai) ⓘ Sartohay Mine	Zhu et al. (2016)
Yunnan Dali Midu County ⓘ Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu deposit (Jingbaoshan Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu deposit)	Shengwei Wang et al. (2012)

Egypt
Red Sea Governorate Bir Semna ⓘ Wadi Semna	Azer et al. (2007)

Israel
Haifa District Kishon river ⓘ Kishon Mid Reach zone 2	Bindi et al. (2020)

Japan
Okinawa Prefecture Ishigaki City Senkaku Islands (Diaoyudao Islands; Diaoyutai Islands) ⓘ Okinawa Trough	Bideaux +1 other reference

Kosovo
Ferizaj District Shtime Glavika ⓘ Glavika Laterite Mine	Buletini i Shkencave Gjeologjike 2012

Kyrgyzstan
Jalal-Abad Region Chatkal district ⓘ Gavasai ore field	Yusupov et al. (1982) +1 other reference

Pacific Ocean
Sea of Japan ⓘ Belyaevsky Rise	Astakhova et al. (2014)
ⓘ Medvedev Seamount	Astakhova et al. (2014)

Portugal
Bragança Bragança Castrelos e Carrazedo ⓘ Ladeira Mine	LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...
ⓘ Tamboril Mine	LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...

Russia
ⓘ Far-Eastern Economic Region	Rudashevskii et al. (1984) +1 other reference
Irkutsk Oblast Bodaybinsky District Bodaibo Lena Gold District Kropotkinsky ore cluster ⓘ Sukhoi Log deposit	Keren Tan (1998) +1 other reference
Orenburg Oblast Kumak ore field ⓘ Efim area	Pekov (1998)
Sakha Mirninsky District Daldyn ⓘ Udachnaya open-pit mine (Udachnaya-Vostochnaya pipe; Udachnaya pipe)	[AmMin 84:993]
Sakhalin Oblast Kuril Islands (Kurile Islands) Kurilsky District Iturup Island ⓘ Kudriavy volcano	Yudovskaya et al. (2006)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Nizhnii Tagil ⓘ Nizhnetagilskii massif (Nizhne-Tagilskii)	Kozlov et al. (2011)
Sysertsky District Dvurechensk ⓘ Klyuchevskii Zavod slag locality	Ерохин Ю.В. ...
Voronezh Oblast ⓘ Tim-Yastrebovskaya structure	Rappenglück (2022)
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ⓘ Rai-Iz Ophiolite Massif	6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 ... +1 other reference

South Africa
Mpumalanga Ehlanzeni District Municipality Thaba Chweu Local Municipality Lydenburg ⓘ Booysendal Platinum Mine	PMPB Meulenbeld collection Photo ID: ...

Ukraine
ⓘ Bilokorovitsky structure	Rappenglück (2022)

The Moon
Mare Crisium ⓘ Luna 24 landing site	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Chromium

About ChromiumHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of ChromiumHide

Classification of ChromiumHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of ChromiumHide

Optical Data of ChromiumHide

Chemistry of ChromiumHide

Crystallography of ChromiumHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of ChromiumHide

Synonyms of ChromiumHide

Other Language Names for ChromiumHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for ChromiumHide

References for ChromiumHide

Localities for ChromiumHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide