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Tribosphenida

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	97116	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=97116

Rank

subclass (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tribosphenida

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
infraclass	Tribosphenida

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Tribosphenida	infraclass	belongs to Zatheria	stated without evidence	McKenna, 1975
Tribosphenida	order	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	Sigogneau-Russell, 1992
Tribosphenida	infraclass	belongs to Cladotheria	stated with evidence	Wang et al., 1998
Tribosphenida	infraclass	belongs to Mammalia	stated without evidence	Flynn et al., 1999
Tribosphenida	infraclass	belongs to Boreosphenida	stated with evidence	Luo et al., 2001
Tribosphenida	infraclass	belongs to Zatheria	stated with evidence	Averianov et al., 2015
Tribosphenida	subclass	belongs to Mammalia	stated with evidence	Sweetman et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

17,840

Extant Size (PBDB)

2,906 (16%)

First Recorded Appearance

168 - 157 Ma
Jurassic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Mammalia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Mammaliaformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. C. McKenna. 1975. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia. In W. P. Luckett, F. S. Szalay (eds.), Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Eutheria infraclass	listed (PBDB)	Eutherian	96,741	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Kermackiidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Argaliatherium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Brasilestes ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Carinalestes ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Culicolestes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Kielantherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Potamotelses ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1975	Tribosphenida McKenna p. 40
1981	Tribosphenida Prothero p. 321
1992	Tribosphenida Sigogneau-Russell p. 390
1993	Tribosphenida Cifelli p. 9413
1998	Tribosphenida Wang et al.
1999	Tribosphenida Flynn et al. p. 58
2001	Tribosphenida Luo et al. p. 56
2015	Tribosphenida Averianov et al.
2017	Tribosphenida Sweetman et al.

References

McKenna M. C. (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia, Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York, 21-46

Prothero D. R. (1981) New Jurassic mammals from Como Bluff, Wyoming, and the interrelationships of non-tribosphenic Theria, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 167 5, 277-326

Sigogneau-Russell D. (1992) Hypomylos phelizoni nov. gen. nov. sp., une étape précoce de l'évolution de la molaire tribosphénique (Crétacé basal du Maroc), Geobios 25 2, 389-393

Cifelli R. L. (1993) Early Cretaceous mammal from North America and the evolution of marsupial dental characters, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 90 20, 9413-9416

Wang Y., Clemens W. A., et al (1998) A probably pseudo-tribosphenic upper molar from the Late Jurassic of China and the early radiation of Holotheria, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 4, 777-787

Flynn J. J., Parrish J. M., et al (1999) A Middle Jurassic mammal from Madagascar, Nature 401, 57-60 doi:10.1038/43420

Luo Z.-X., Cifelli R. L., et al (2001) Dual origins of tribosphenic mammals, Nature 409, 53-57

Averianov A., Martin T., et al (2015) Stem therian mammal Amphibetulimus from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 89, 197-206 doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0217-x

Sweetman S. C., Smith G., et al (2017) Highly derived eutherian mammals from the earliest Cretaceous of southern Britain, Acata Paleontologica Polonica 62 4, 657-665 doi:10.4202/app.00408.2017

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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