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Gemmula
Source Data |
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Rank | genus (PBDB) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Turridae : Gemmula | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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Opinions (PBDB) |
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Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxon Size (PBDB) | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extant Size (PBDB) | 3 (6.7%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First Recorded Appearance | 70.6 - 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Motility | actively mobile (based on Turridae) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vision | limited (based on Gastropoda) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diet | carnivore (based on Turridae) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taphonomy | aragonite (based on Gastropoda) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary Reference (PBDB) | W. P. Woodring. 1970. Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (gastropods: Eulimidae, Marginellidae to Helminthoglyptidae). United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306(D):299-452 |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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Gemmula (Coroniopsis) ✝ subgenus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Gemmula (Gemmula) subgenus | listed (PBDB) | 121 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Gemmula (Pinguigemmula) subgenus | listed (PBDB) | 7 | 11.6 Ma Miocene | 2.59 Ma Pleistocene | |
Gemmula alazana species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Gemmula amica ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | |
Gemmula bentsonae ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 9 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Gemmula congener ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 2.59 Ma Pleistocene | |
Gemmula crenulata ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
Gemmula cretacea species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Gemmula diabloensis ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
Gemmula fasteni ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 41.3 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
Gemmula gajensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
Gemmula hindsiana species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 5.33 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Gemmula imitatrix ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 6 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 5.33 Ma Miocene | |
Gemmula machapoorensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 6 | 16.0 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
Gemmula macrobia ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 4 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
Gemmula mekranica ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 11.6 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
Gemmula mexa species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Gemmula monerma ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 47.8 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
Gemmula plebeia ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
Gemmula rockcreekensis ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Gemmula sindiensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
Gemmula vaningeni ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 31 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
Gemmula wattsi ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
Hemipleurotoma arenosa species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 41.3 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
Hemipleurotoma bhagothorensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Hemipleurotoma bonneti ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
Hemipleurotoma narica ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Hemipleurotoma oostinghi ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) bellacrenata species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) calvertensis species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) choptankensis species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) humilis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) iris ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) juvavica ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) kroisbachensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) singuensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) yenanensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Turris (Gemmula) birmanica ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 7 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 2.59 Ma Pleistocene | |
Turris (Gemmula) pakistanica ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 41.3 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
Turris (Gemmula) soriensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
Turris (Gemmula) thyrsus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 5 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene |
Synonymy List
Year | Name and Author |
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1875 | Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Weinkauff p. 287 |
1904 | Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) Martin p. 146 |
1913 | Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Brown and Pilsbry p. 505 figs. pl. 22, fig. 4 |
1921 | Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) Vredenburg p. 97 |
1921 | Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Vredenburg p. 102 |
1931 | Eugemmula Iredale |
1938 | Hemipleurotoma Turner p. 71 |
1939 | Turris (Gemmula) Mukerjee p. 75 |
1939 | Turris (Gemmula) Oinomikado p. 624 |
1944 | Hemipleurotoma Durham p. 181 |
1944 | Gemmula Durham p. 184 |
1960 | Gemmula MacNeil p. 102 |
1964 | Gemmula Olsson p. 92 |
1964 | Gemmula Sohl p. 280 |
Year | Name and Author |
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1970 | Gemmula Woodring p. 360 |
1976 | Gemmula Hickman p. 82 |
1982 | Gemmula Ladd p. 59 |
1994 | Gemmula Wilson p. 191 |
1996 | Gemmula Sysoev p. 22 |
1999 | Gemmula Squires p. 21 |
2002 | Gemmula Sepkoski, Jr. |
2002 | Hemipleurotoma Sepkoski, Jr. |
2003 | Gemmula Baluk p. 30 |
2003 | Gemmula Scarponi and Della Bella p. 71 |
2007 | Gemmula Wienrich and Janssen p. 661 |
2009 | Gemmula Harzhauser et al. p. 354 |
2011 | Gemmula Bouchet et al. p. 297 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!