Calkinsite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Calkinsite-(Ce)
Formula:
(Ce,La)2(CO3)3 · 4H2O
Colour:
pale yellow
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
3.28
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named calkinsite by W.T. Pecora and J.H. Kerr in honor of Frank Cathcart Calkins (7 June 1878, East Rockport, Ohio, USA – 1974), geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. The suffix "-(Ce)" designates the dominant rare earth element in the composition and was added to the name in 1987.
This page provides mineralogical data about Calkinsite-(Ce).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
867
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:867:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b8a13ecd-8d98-4027-a283-6a1b7645629a
IMA Classification of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ce2(CO3)3 · 4H2O
First published:
1953
Classification of Calkinsite-(Ce)
5.CC.25
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
C : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
C : With rare earth elements (REE)
15.4.1.1
15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
4 : AmBn(XO3)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p < 1:1
15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
4 : AmBn(XO3)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p < 1:1
11.8.1
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Clk-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Colour:
pale yellow
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010} perfect, {101} distinct
{010} perfect, {101} distinct
Parting:
[001], parting
Density:
3.28(1) g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.569 nβ = 1.657 nγ = 1.686
2V:
Measured: 54° , Calculated: 56°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.117
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Y = c; Z = a.
Comments:
X:b (yellow), Y:c (colorless), Z:a (colorless)
Chemistry of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
(Ce,La)2(CO3)3 · 4H2O
Crystallography of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.57(2) Å, b = 12.65(8) Å, c = 8.94(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.757 : 1 : 0.707
Unit Cell V:
1,082.28 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Twinning:
Common on {101}
Comment:
space group P21 221 or D32. class P2/m 2/m 2/m
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
6.54 Å | (100b) |
3.27 Å | (50) |
4.78 Å | (40) |
4.49 Å | (40) |
2.931 Å | (30b) |
2.128 Å | (30) |
2.115 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Calkinsite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
platy habit parallel to {010 }
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
occur in shonkinite, mafic monzonite, and syenite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Pecora, W.T., Kerr, J.H. (1953) Burbankite and calkinsite, two new carbonate minerals from Montana. American Mineralogist: 38: 1169-1183.
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Calkinsite-(Ce) associated with Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
2 photos of Calkinsite-(Ce) associated with Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
5.CC. | Alicewilsonite-(YCe) | Na2Sr2YCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
5.CC. | Alicewilsonite-(YLa) | Na2Sr2YLa(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
5.CC. | Yuchuanite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · H2O |
5.CC. | Bainbridgeite-(NdCe) | Na2Ba2NdCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
5.CC.05 | Donnayite-(Y) | NaCaSr3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
5.CC.05 | Ewaldite | Ba(Na,Ca,Y,Ce,K)(CO3)2 · 2.6H2O |
5.CC.05 | Mckelveyite-(Nd) | NaCaBa3Nd(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
5.CC.05 | Mckelveyite-(Y) | NaCaBa3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
5.CC.05 | Weloganite | Na2Sr3Zr(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
5.CC.05 | Unnamed (MSH UK-37A) | Sr3NaCaY(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
5.CC.05 | UM1992-05-CO:CaCeLaNaSr | (Sr,Na,Y,REE,Ca,Ba)2(CO3)2 · H2O |
5.CC.05 | Bainbridgeite-(YCe) | Na2Ba2YCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
5.CC.10 | Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
5.CC.15 | Kimuraite-(Y) | Ca(Y,Nd)2(CO3)4 · 6H2O |
5.CC.15 | Lokkaite-(Y) | Ca(Y,Gd,Nd,Dy)4(CO3)7 · 9H2O |
5.CC.15 | Hizenite-(Y) | Ca2Y6(CO3)11 · 14H2O |
5.CC.20 | Shomiokite-(Y) | Na3Y[CO3]3 · 3H2O |
5.CC.25 | Lanthanite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
5.CC.25 | Lanthanite-(La) | (La,Ce)2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
5.CC.25 | Lanthanite-(Nd) | (Nd,La)2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
5.CC.30 | Adamsite-(Y) | NaY[CO3]2 · 6H2O |
5.CC.35 | Decrespignyite-(Y) | Cu(Y,REE)4(CO3)4(OH)5Cl · 2H2O |
5.CC.40 | Galgenbergite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 · H2O |
5.CC.45 | Lecoqite-(Y) | Na3Y(CO3)3 · 6H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Effervesces strongly in cold dilute (1:5) HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Calkinsite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-867.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Calkinsite-(Ce)
Localities for Calkinsite-(Ce)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Yeremenko et al. (1982) +2 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Scharm +7 other references |
| Zimák et al. (2005) |
| Černý P. |
Italy | |
| Bazzoni C. et al. |
Japan | |
| Minakawa (1985) |
Russia | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
USA (TL) | |
| Pecora et al. (1953) |
Belovitskaya et al. (2004) |
Quick NavTopAbout Calkinsite-(Ce)Unique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Common AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Vermiculite prospect No. 6, Big Sandy Creek, Bearpaw Mountains, Hill County, Montana, USA