Boulangerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Boulangerite
Formula:
Pb5Sb4S11
Colour:
Lead grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1837 by Moritz Christian Julius Thaulow in honor of Charles Louis Boulanger (6 May 1810 - 6 October 1849), a French mining engineer. Boulanger first analyzed his namesake species calling it "plomb antimonie sulfure" in 1835. He also translated Leopold von Buch's famous book, "Description physique des Iles Canaries, suivie dʾune indication des principaux volcans du globe", which was a contributing factor in the decline of the Wernerian or Neptunian theory of the origin of the Earth.
Type Locality:
Easily confused with jamesonite.
Homeotype of lopatkaite.
May occur in intergrowths with jamesonite and meneghinite.
Boulangerite has an OD structure with the following MDO polytypes (Ventruti et al., 2012):
- MDO1 with space group P121/a1 and unit-cell parameters a1 ≈ 21.61, b1 ≈ 23.54, c1 ≈ 8.05 Å, β1 ≈ 100.7°
- MDO2 with space group P21/n11 and unit-cell parameters a2 ≈ 21.24, b2 ≈ 23.54, c2 ≈ 8.05 Å, α2 ≈ 90°
Schultz et al. (2017) explain the many contradictory structure models of boulangerite (both natural and synthetic) and the related mineral falkmanite by a phase transition between a low‐temperature (LT) modification (P21/c, a ≈ 8.07 Å, b ≈ 23.5 Å, c ≈ 21.6 Å, β ≈ 100.7°) and a disordered high‐temperature (HT) modification [Pnma, a = 23.530(2) Å; b = 4.0385(8) Å and c = 21.273(2) Å, with cation disorder] that occurs above ca. 350–400 °C.
There are interconnected SbS3 groups in the structure as, e.g., in jamesonite, robinsonite, and zinkenite.
Homeotype of lopatkaite.
May occur in intergrowths with jamesonite and meneghinite.
Boulangerite has an OD structure with the following MDO polytypes (Ventruti et al., 2012):
- MDO1 with space group P121/a1 and unit-cell parameters a1 ≈ 21.61, b1 ≈ 23.54, c1 ≈ 8.05 Å, β1 ≈ 100.7°
- MDO2 with space group P21/n11 and unit-cell parameters a2 ≈ 21.24, b2 ≈ 23.54, c2 ≈ 8.05 Å, α2 ≈ 90°
Schultz et al. (2017) explain the many contradictory structure models of boulangerite (both natural and synthetic) and the related mineral falkmanite by a phase transition between a low‐temperature (LT) modification (P21/c, a ≈ 8.07 Å, b ≈ 23.5 Å, c ≈ 21.6 Å, β ≈ 100.7°) and a disordered high‐temperature (HT) modification [Pnma, a = 23.530(2) Å; b = 4.0385(8) Å and c = 21.273(2) Å, with cation disorder] that occurs above ca. 350–400 °C.
There are interconnected SbS3 groups in the structure as, e.g., in jamesonite, robinsonite, and zinkenite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
738
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:738:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
cbd49a3e-618b-40cc-9030-ceaa43394902
IMA Classification of Boulangerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Boulangerite
2.HC.15
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
3.5.2.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3
3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3
5.6.15
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bou | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Bou | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Boulangerite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Comment:
sometimes silky
Colour:
Lead grey
Streak:
Brownish
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {100}
Distinct on {100}
Comment:
Flexible in thin crystals
Density:
6.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.21 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Boulangerite
Anisotropism:
Distinct
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 40.5% | 44.0% |
| 420nm | 40.0% | 43.7% |
| 440nm | 39.5% | 43.5% |
| 460nm | 39.0% | 43.2% |
| 480nm | 38.6% | 43.0% |
| 500nm | 38.2% | 42.7% |
| 520nm | 37.9% | 42.4% |
| 540nm | 37.6% | 42.0% |
| 560nm | 37.2% | 41.6% |
| 580nm | 36.8% | 41.1% |
| 600nm | 36.3% | 40.3% |
| 620nm | 35.8% | 39.6% |
| 640nm | 35.4% | 38.8% |
| 660nm | 35.0% | 38.0% |
| 680nm | 34.6% | 37.3% |
| 700nm | 34.1% | 36.6% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 44.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Pleochroism:
Weak
Chemistry of Boulangerite
Mindat Formula:
Pb5Sb4S11
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Cu,Zn,Sn,Fe
Crystallography of Boulangerite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 21.56 Å, b = 23.51 Å, c = 8.09 Å
β = 100.8°
β = 100.8°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.917 : 1 : 0.344
Unit Cell V:
4,027.99 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Needle-like crystals, rarely rings, fibrous, compact masses.
Comment:
Strong subcell is orthorhombic, with halved c.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000096 | Boulangerite | Born L, Hellner E (1960) A structural proposal for boulangerite American Mineralogist 45 1266-1271 |  | 1960 | Pribram, Bohemia | 0 | 293 |
| 0019191 | Boulangerite | Ventruti G, Stasi F, Pinto D, Vurro F, Renna M (2012) The plumose boulangerite from Bottino, Apuan Alps, Italy: Crystal structure, OD character and twinning The Canadian Mineralogist 50 181-199 | 2012 | Bottino mine, Apuan Alps, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019740 | Boulangerite | Kaden R, Wagner G, Bente K (2012) Crystal chemistry and electrical conductivity of boulangerite, dadsonite and iodine-substituted pillaite grown by chemical vapor transport The Canadian Mineralogist 50 219-233 | 2012 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0010118 | Boulangerite | Skowron A, Brown I D (1990) Refinement of the structure of boulangerite, Pb5Sb4S11 Acta Crystallographica C46 531-534 |  | 1990 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0018398 | Boulangerite | Bente K, Meier-Salimi M (1991) Substitution experiments and structure investigations on Ag-Tl-bearing boulangerites - a contribution to the rayite problem Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 163 212-216 | 1991 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.910 Å | (23) |
| 3.725 Å | (100) |
| 3.216 Å | (41) |
| 3.023 Å | (32) |
| 3.009 Å | (21) |
| 2.823 Å | (42) |
| 2.812 Å | (31) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Low to moderate temperature hydrothermal veins.
Type Occurrence of Boulangerite
Synonyms of Boulangerite
Other Language Names for Boulangerite
Catalan:Boulangerita
Czech:Boulangerit
Dutch:Boulangeriet
German:Antimonbleiblende
Bolidenit
Boulangerit
Embrithit
Epiboulangerit
Mullanit
Orlandinit
Plumbostibit
Schwefelantimonblei
Yenerit
Bolidenit
Boulangerit
Embrithit
Epiboulangerit
Mullanit
Orlandinit
Plumbostibit
Schwefelantimonblei
Yenerit
Italian:Boulangerite
Russian:Буланжерит
Serbian:Боланжерит
Slovak:Boulangerit
Ukrainian:Буланжерит
Varieties of Boulangerite
| Copper-bearing Boulangerite | Cuprian variety of Boulangerite. Originally reported from Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia. Compare meneghinite which may occur in intimate intergrowths with boulangerite. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 372 photos of Boulangerite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 340 photos of Boulangerite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 136 photos of Boulangerite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 101 photos of Boulangerite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 100 photos of Boulangerite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 99 photos of Boulangerite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 99 photos of Boulangerite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 94 photos of Boulangerite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 61 photos of Boulangerite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 56 photos of Boulangerite associated with Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HC. | Bernarlottiite | Pb6(As5Sb3)S18 |
| 2.HC.05b | Argentobaumhauerite | Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72 |
| 2.HC.05b | Baumhauerite | Pb12As16S36 |
| 2.HC.05d | Dufrénoysite | Pb2As2S5 |
| 2.HC.05a | Guettardite | Pb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32 |
| 2.HC.05c | Liveingite | Pb9As13S28 |
| 2.HC.05f | Parapierrotite | TlSb5S8 |
| 2.HC.05f | Pierrotite | Tl2(Sb,As)10S16 |
| 2.HC.05d | Rathite | Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40 |
| 2.HC.05a | Sartorite | PbAs2S4 |
| 2.HC.05a | Twinnite | Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4 |
| 2.HC.05d | Veenite | Pb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5 |
| 2.HC.05g | Marumoite | Pb32As40S92 |
| 2.HC.05d | Rathite-IV | PbAs2S4 |
| 2.HC.05f | Philrothite | TlAs3S5 |
| 2.HC.05h | Polloneite | AgPb46As26Sb23S120 |
| 2.HC.05e | Heptasartorite | Tl7Pb22As55S108 |
| 2.HC.05e | Hendekasartorite | Tl2Pb48As82S172 |
| 2.HC.05e | Écrinsite | AgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36 |
| 2.HC.05b | Baumhauerite II | |
| 2.HC.05c | Argentoliveingite | Ag3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112 |
| 2.HC.05e | Incomsartorite | Tl6Pb144As246S516 |
| 2.HC.05d | Argentodufrénoysite | Ag3Pb26As35S80 |
| 2.HC.05a | Hyršlite | Pb8As10Sb6S32 |
| 2.HC.05e | Dekatriasartorite | TlPb58As97S204 |
| 2.HC.10a | Fülöppite | Pb3Sb8S15 |
| 2.HC.10c | Heteromorphite | Pb7Sb8S19 |
| 2.HC.10b | Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| 2.HC.10d | Rayite | Pb8(Ag,Tl)2Sb8S21 |
| 2.HC.10d | Semseyite | Pb9Sb8S21 |
| 2.HC.15 | Falkmanite | Pb3Sb2S6 |
| 2.HC.20 | Robinsonite | Pb4Sb6S13 |
| 2.HC.25 | Moëloite | Pb6Sb6S14(S3) |
| 2.HC.30 | Dadsonite | Pb23Sb25S60Cl |
| 2.HC.35 | Owyheeite | Ag3Pb10Sb11S28 |
| 2.HC.35 | Zoubekite | AgPb4Sb4S10 |
| 2.HC.40 | Parasterryite | Ag4Pb20Sb14As10S58 |
| 2.HC.50 | Lopatkaite | Pb5Sb3AsS11 |
Other Information
Notes:
Raman bands connected with stretching and bending of the SbS3 groups are between 375 and 175 cm-1
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Boulangerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-738.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Boulangerite
Reference List:
Robinson, S. C. (1948) The identity of falkmanite and yenerite with boulangerite. American Mineralogist, 33 (11-12) 716-723
Born, L., Hellner, E. (1960) A structural proposal for boulangerite. American Mineralogist, 45 (11-12) 1266-1271
Dornberger-Schiff, K., & Hohne, E. (1962) Zur Symmetrie des Boulangerites. Chem. d. Erde, 22: 78-82.
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1486-8_1p.55
Localities for Boulangerite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
Algeria | |
| Louha +5 other references |
Argentina | |
| DE BRODTKORB +1 other reference |
| MARQUEZ-ZAVALIA | |
| Sureda (1978) |
| Econ Geol (1992) +2 other references |
| Coira et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Slater (2016) | |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) |
| Rubinstein et al. (2018) |
| Carrasquero et al. (2013) | |
| Ana Cecilia Mugas-Lobos et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| ROBL +1 other reference |
| Brodtkorb (2002) | |
| ROBL +1 other reference | |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) |
Armenia | |
| Harris et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Kukulyan (1983) +1 other reference |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Firstova et al. (2016) |
Australia | |
| Gilligan et al. (1993) |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Ramdohr (1950) +3 other references |
| Fleminig +1 other reference |
| England et al. (1988) |
| Knights |
| Sielecki (1988) | |
| Sielecki (1988) | |
| Xu (1997) +1 other reference |
| Davis et al. (1998) |
| Nenke (1972) +1 other reference |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... |
| Paul Stahl collection |
| Ramsden et al. (1990) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Groves +1 other reference |
| Bottrill +1 other reference | |
| Groves +1 other reference | |
| Sorrell (n.d.) | |
| Singer et al. (2009) |
| Zaw et al. (1997) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Hajitaheri (1985) |
| Hajitaheri (1985) | |
| |
| Ralph Bottrill collection |
| Blisset (1962) |
| Gulson et al. (1987) | |
| Simon Hitchman (2013) |
| |
| F.Bussat 1980 |
| F.Bussat 1980. Minerals from some mines ... |
| Bussat et al. (1980) |
| Ferguson (1999) |
| Ferguson (1999) | |
| Ferguson (1999) |
| Ferguson (1999) | |
| I. R. Mulholland et al. (1998) +3 other references |
| Mueller et al. (2013) | |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| A.Pichler (2012) |
| C.Auer (2017) |
| G. Blass et al. (2002) |
| G. Blass et al. (2002) | |
| G. Blass et al. (2002) |
| C.Auer (2017) |
| G.Indra 1997 | |
| H. Meixner: 32 (3) |
| Puttner (1987) | |
| ehemaligen Bergbau Althaus +2 other references | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Puttner | |
| www.indra-g.at (2016) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Uwe Kolitsch (SXRD analysis of specimen labeled "jamesonite") +2 other references |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| Weißensteiner et al. (2013) |
| Hackenberg 2003 +3 other references |
| Huber et al. (1977) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Feitzinger et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Strasser (2010) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Friedrich (1969) +2 other references | |
| Schachinger et al. (2013) |
| Postl et al. (1997) |
| Auer (2020) |
| Auer (2023) |
| Gerald Gesselbauer (2010) |
| Postl (2013) |
| Taucher (1993) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Fuchs (1988) |
| Brandmaier et al. (1985) |
| Friedrich (1933) +1 other reference |
| Archiv f.Lagerstättenforschung +1 other reference | |
| Schachinger et al. (2017) |
| Pichler A. (2003) |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Bojar et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Vohryzka (1968) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Grundmann et al. (1971) |
| MEIXNER (1956) +1 other reference |
Azerbaijan | |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Ing. Mateo Vlahovic observations. |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| Federico Ahlfeld & Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) |
| Dr Günter Grundmann specimens and ... |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 +1 other reference |
| Wilson (2001) | |
| Moricz et al. (2009) | |
| Wilson (2001) +3 other references | |
| Dr. Fritz Berndt collection (Dr. Frank Keutsch analysis, february 2010) |
| Cacho et al. (2019) |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) | |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) | |
| Franco (2018) | |
| Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) | |
| Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) | |
| Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1964) |
| Ing. Mateo Vlahovic specimen |
| Petrov et al. (2006) |
| Cazorla Martínez et al. (2019) |
| Torró et al. (2019) | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) | |
| Torró et al. (2019) | |
| Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) | |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1964) |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1955) | |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Ljudevit Barić +1 other reference |
| Ljudevit Barić | |
| Ljudevit Barić |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2016) |
| Radosavljevic et al. (2005) | |
Brazil | |
| de Oliveira et al. (2008) |
Bulgaria | |
| Kostov et al :Minerals of Bulgaria (1964) +1 other reference |
| www.bgd.bg (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Dana 7:I:203. +1 other reference |
| Thompson (1951) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| GJ Simandl (1991) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| MINFILE NUMBER: 104B 008 +3 other references |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| R. M. Thompson (1954) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| R. O. Meyer collection. |
| BC Minfile – Cronin (No. 093L 127) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Scott (1971) |
| Hood et al. (1991) |
| Ray et al. (2002) | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Mauthner (1996) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Harris et al. (1968) | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Woodside et al. (2000) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Healy et al. (1990) |
| Samson I M et al. (1999) |
| "Geology of New Brunswick: field guide ... |
| Sabina (1967) | |
| Larry Pilgrim (2009) +2 other references |
| Government of the Northwest Territories’ Northwest Territories Geological Survey (2016) |
| Coleman (1953) | |
| RIDLAND (1941) | |
| Coleman (1953) | |
| RIDLAND (1941) | |
| Welt (2020) |
| Kontak et al. (1996) |
| Harris et al. (1984) |
| Econ Geol (1989) |
| Econ Geol (1989) | |
| Sabina (1987) | |
| Econ Geol (1989) +1 other reference | |
| [MinRec 13:111 +2 other references |
| Jambor (1967b) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:2 pp94-99 |
| Ann P.Sabina (1991) |
| Geoffrey Khalil Abdallah (1990) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 691-697 |
| Sabina (1991) | |
| Patterson (1984) | |
| Kennedy (2012) |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference |
| Boyle (1965) | |
| Stöger et al. (2023) |
| Personal Collection | |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) | |
| Lee et al. (2022) |
Chile | |
| Zentilli (2018) |
| Cecioni et al. (2000) | |
| Becerra et al. (2022) |
| Darío Chinchilla et al. (2016) |
China | |
| Huihuang Zhang et al. (2002) |
| Shide Zhou and Zhufan Liu (1982) |
| Jiangguo Yang et al. (2010) |
| Songnian Yang et al. (1985) +2 other references |
| Can. J. Earth Sci. 44: 479–492 (2007) | |
| Jianglong Li et al. (2012) |
| Shisong Yuan et al. (2006) +2 other references |
| Yuegao Liu et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Lijing Yang et al. (2004) |
| Gongsheng Yan (1987) |
| Genwen Chen et al. (2008) |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) | |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) +1 other reference | |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) | |
| Hongchang Li et al. (1987) |
| Laiyong Qin et al. (2007) |
| Jing et al. (2018) | |
| Renke Li (1993) |
| HMZ Metals Inc. (2003) | |
| Renke Li (1993) | |
| Bingjie Wei et al. (1986) | |
| Gao et al. (2018) |
| Mengxiang Zhou (2006) |
| Li et al. (2023) |
| Heo et al. (2001) | |
| Heo et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Liu et al. (2017) | |
| Youxun Liu et al. (2003) |
| Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1991) |
| Bosheng Zhou et al. (2002) +4 other references |
| Shiqian Li et al. (2005) |
| Yuanfeng Guo (1994) |
| Xuexiang Gu et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Zhang Guoxin (1996) |
| Hongchang Li et al. (1987) |
| Zhenxiang Bao et al. (1999) |
| Hongchang Li et al. (1987) |
| Jianhong Zheng et al. (2009) |
| Shoufu Wu (1983) |
| Fengyue Sun and Li Wang (2008) +3 other references |
| Song et al. (2019) |
| Yang et al. (2022) |
| Ji et al. (2022) | |
| Zhengping Hao (1988) |
| Hongchang Li et al. (1987) |
| Yong Li et al. (2010) |
| Xianli Liu and Ying Jiang (1998) |
| Baohua Li et al. (2006) |
| Kai Zhang and Yongdong Shi (2000) |
| Xinyou Zhu et al. (2006) |
| Dengmei Yang et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Tianwei Guo and Zhongwen Han (1990) +1 other reference |
| Yang Shihui et al. (1991) | |
| Dianhao Huang and Shihua Hu (2000) +4 other references |
| Song Ye et al. (2001) |
| www.cicresources.com (2006) |
| Xiaoping Fan et al. (2005) |
| Jianfang Zhang et al. (2010) +6 other references |
| Jiaxin Teng and Qingming Wang (2006) +1 other reference |
| Jiaxin Teng and Qingming Wang (2006) |
| Hou Zengqian et al. (2003) |
| Lei Zhang et al. (2015) |
| Xinpei Jiang (1994) +2 other references |
| Runsheng Han et al. (2007) |
| Lina Peng et al. (2009) |
Colombia | |
| JAMP +1 other reference |
| Hernández +2 other references | |
Croatia | |
| Šoštarić (2009) |
Cuba | |
| Bortnikov et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Šrein |
| Lapis 2000 (4) | |
| Pažout et al. (2017) | |
| |
| Pažout et al. (2019) | |
| Pazout et al. (2017) | |
| Amer.Min. (1987) | |
| Litochleb J. et al. (Mine 19) |
| Stobbe (1981) +1 other reference |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 | |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 | |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 | |
| |
| [Lapis 1995 |
| Beran (Ag, Au, Co) +2 other references |
| Fojt |
| Fojt | |
| Venclík |
| Litochleb J. et al. (Šumava, Česká republika) |
| Černý |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) |
| Veselovský (2019) | |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
| VÍŠKOVÁ et al. (2022) | |
| Velebil +5 other references |
| Bednařík (jv. od Uh. Brodu) |
Dominican Republic | |
| important factors in grade development. Economic Geology (8) +2 other references |
Ecuador | |
| Mulshaw et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| an NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared ... +1 other reference |
Egypt | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
Ethiopia | |
| Cook et al. (2000) |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ... +1 other reference |
| Kojonen Kari 1989. The early ... |
| Economic Geology (1996) |
| Luukkonen Ari 1994. Main geological ... |
| Geological Survey of Finland website |
| Kontoniemi et al. (1991) |
| Hangala Leake S. 1987 The early ... |
| Geological Survey of Finland Aijala - ... |
| Geological Survey of Finland ... | |
France | |
| R. Pierrot |
| J.J. Périchaud : "Les Gisements Métalliques du District à Antimoine de Brioude-Massiac (Massif-Central Français) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| J.J. Périchaud : "Les Gisements Métalliques du District à Antimoine de Brioude-Massiac (Massif-Central Français) | |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| |
| Pélisson (1989) | |
| Yves Masson collection |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Arliguie M collection. +1 other reference |
| Duarte (2014) |
| Personally collected by Matthias Diot ... |
| J.J. Périchaud : "Les Gisements Métalliques du District à Antimoine de Brioude-Massiac (Massif Central Français) |
| |
| |
| "Les minéraux et al. (1977) | |
| "Les minéraux et al. (1977) |
| French BRGM data |
| Barelli (1835) |
| De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2011) |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Wittern (1997) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) +1 other reference |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) +1 other reference | |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| |
| Brousse (1982) |
| Lips (2006) |
| Inventaire Mineralogique de la France ... |
| Inventaire mineralogique de l'Ariege ( Edition BRGM 1984) |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Lheur (2023) |
| Lheur (2023) | |
| Lheur (2023) | |
| Lacroix (1910) +2 other references |
| |
| G.ROGER (1971) |
| Dubru. M (1986) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Infoterre |
| Bernadi G. (2004) |
| Galvier J. et Gautron L. (1995) |
| Moëlo et al. (2006) |
| "La chalcostibite et la dadsonite de Saint Pons et al. (1979) |
| Fourcault (1993) |
| "Cookéite | |
| "La chalcostibite et la dadsonite de Saint Pons et al. (1979) | |
| Fourcault (1993) +1 other reference | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| Pierrot et al. (1972) +1 other reference |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs (2) +1 other reference |
| Self collected by S. MAURY +1 other reference |
| Self collected S. Maury |
Georgia | |
| Kekelia et al. (2008) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| [Wittern (1995) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| DILL (1983) +1 other reference |
| Rank (1985) |
| |
| Krul (1969) +1 other reference |
| |
| Dana 7:I:421. |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) | |
| P Haas collection | |
| www.minernet.it (n.d.) | |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) | |
| Henrich (2009) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| |
| Beyer (1978) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen et al. (Munich) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Zur Mineralogie und Geologie des ... +2 other references |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Thomas Luehr collection |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Gröbner J. et al. (2006) |
| Vollstädt (1979) |
| L. Baumann et al. (Stuttgart) |
| 43-47 +3 other references |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Günter Grundmann collection |
Ghana | |
| Oberthür et al. (1997) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1997 61 : ... +2 other references | |
| Oberthür et al. (1997) |
| Oberthür et al. (1997) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2008) |
| Katerinopoulos et al. (1994) | |
| Voudouris et al. (2018) | |
| |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
| Uwe Kolitsch & Branko Rieck (unpubl. SEM-EDS results) | |
| Christos L. Stergiou et al. (2022) |
| ... +9 other references | |
| Tzamos +8 other references | |
| Nebel et al. (1991) | |
| Tzamos +2 other references |
| Melfos +13 other references |
| biomine.brgm.fr (2015) |
| Bonev et al. (2005) +2 other references |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei:Mineral ... |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
India | |
| Höller et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Deb (1980) |
| Deb (1980) | |
| Mukherjee et al. (1998) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1968 36 : ... | |
| Parihar et al. (2016, October) | |
| Borodaev et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Indonesia | |
| Davies (2008) |
| Mineralium Deposita (2005) |
Iran | |
| Rafiei et al. (2010) |
| Yar Mohammadi et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Daliran (2008) |
| Asadi et al. (2000) | |
Ireland | |
| |
| Yesares +8 other references |
| Moreton (1999) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : ... |
| MORRIS (1984) |
Italy | |
| AA. VV. |
| Funiciello et al. (1979) |
| De Casa et al. (2003) |
| Bracco et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| P. Capitanio collection |
| Italo Campostrini - Miland University (EDX) |
| Romani et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Jervis G. (1873) +1 other reference |
| Barresi A.A. et al. (Piemonte) |
| Barresi et al. (2003) | |
| Ambrino et al. (2008) |
| Maletto et al. (2013) |
| Campostrini (2001) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2010) |
| Maletto et al. (2014) | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Ara D. et al. (2013) |
| Triscari (1985) +1 other reference |
| Exel (1987) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Mair (1996) +1 other reference | |
| Exel (1987) | |
| AA. VV. |
| Exel (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Exel (1987) |
| Exel (1987) | |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Aachen/Deutschland. +1 other reference |
| Mair (1996) |
| Forenza et al. (2005) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Biagioni C. et al. (2015) |
| Tazzini et al. (1979) | |
| Biagioni (2009) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2014) | |
| Cristian Biagioni et al. (2019) | |
| M. Bachelli find & collection | |
| Benvenuti M. et al. (1992/93) |
| Orlandi P. (Alpi Apuane, Toscana, Italia) |
| D'Achiardi A. (1873) |
| Biagioni et al. (2008) |
| Orlandi et al. (1980) +2 other references |
| Orlandi et al. (1994) +2 other references |
| Orlandi et al. (1976) +4 other references | |
| Morino et al. (2016) |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) | |
| Orlandi +3 other references |
| Marco Bonifazi collection | |
| Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini [Brizzi (1984) | |
| Bonifazi Marco specimen | |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Carrozzini B. et al. (Apuane Alps) | |
| Nannoni R. et al. (PI) |
| Di Colbertaldo (1968) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Kato et al. (1969) +1 other reference |
| T. Matsukuma (1958) |
| Matsukuma (1962) | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Kase et al. (1993) |
| Fujiwara (1994) |
| Petrov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Mineralogical Journal Vol. 12 (1984) |
Jersey | |
| Mourant (1985) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Spiridonov (2014) |
| Saburov (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
| - (2005) |
Kosovo | |
| Joana Koà Odziejczyk et al. ( 2012) +2 other references |
| Hyseni et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Mederski et al. (2023) | |
| Sławomir Mederski et al. (2019) | |
| Kołodziejczyk et al. (2016) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Filippov et al. (2013) |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) | |
| Chvileva (1965) |
| Palumbo-Roe et al. (2011) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
Malawi | |
| Wall et al. (1996) |
Malaysia | |
| Kiong et al. (2004) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Querol +1 other reference |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Rocks & Min.: 56:247. +2 other references |
| Panczner (1987) |
| des Rivieres |
| Peter Megaw |
| González-Partida. E. et al. (F) | |
| González-Partida et al. (2003) | |
| Rubinovich-Kogan et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Alfonso et al. (2011) |
| Julio |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| White (1971) +1 other reference |
| Marty Zinn collection |
Mongolia | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Khishgee et al. (2014) |
| Khishgee et al. (2015) |
Morocco | |
| Barral et al. (2009) |
| Nshimiyimana et al. (2018) |
| El Arbaoui et al. (2015) | |
| Essarraj et al. (2022) |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
New Zealand | |
| Robinson (2018) |
| Robinson (2018) | |
| Robinson (2018) | |
| MacKenzie et al. (2013) |
| Grapes et al. (1999) |
| Grapes et al. (1999) | |
| Jury (1981) |
| Christie et al. (1997) | |
Nigeria | |
| Akande et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
North Korea | |
| Watanabe (1943) |
North Macedonia | |
| Boev et al. (1993) |
| RMZ - Materials and Geoenvironment Vol 52 No. 3 pp 535-548 (2006) |
Norway | |
| Naik (1975) +1 other reference |
| Kåre Kullerud et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Kullerud et al. (2018) |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... |
| Vogt (1935) +1 other reference |
| Nordrum (2004) | |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... +1 other reference |
| Cook et al. (1998) |
| Saager (1967) |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... | |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... +2 other references | |
| Carsten (1937) +1 other reference |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... |
| - (1997, August) |
| Lindahl (1979) |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Tuomo Törmänen (2005) |
Peru | |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Mi.Rec. 28 (1997) |
| Gibson (1992) |
| Crowley et al. (1997) |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Goodell (1974) +1 other reference | |
| Min.Rec. 28 (1997) |
| Birnie et al. (1977) |
| Mineralogical Record (1997) |
| Alvarez A et al. (1988) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Poland | |
| Paulo A. |
| Siuda +3 other references |
| Siuda (2001) | |
| Traube (1888) | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Nejbert et al. (2014) |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves analytical data and ... +1 other reference |
| Analyzed by Pedro Alves: SEM-EDS and polarised-light microscopy (October 2016) |
| Martins (2018) |
Romania | |
| Ilinca (2012) |
| Constantinescu et al. (1982) +1 other reference | |
| www.minerals-of-the-carpathians +1 other reference |
| Bailly et al. (1998) |
| Mârza +7 other references | |
| Marias Francisc |
| Marias Francisc | |
| Marias Francisc | |
| Mineralogical Record 7:139-140 |
| Minerals of Carpathians | |
| Rob Lavinsky (ex. Larry Krause specimen) |
| Damian et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Damian et al. (2008) | |
| Kovács et al. (2020) |
| Clain et al. (2006) |
Russia | |
| Potseluev et al. (2006) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Vakh et al. (2009, March) +2 other references |
| Aleksandr Yudin (2001) +1 other reference |
| Nagornaya et al. (2021) |
| Bortnikov et al. (2004) | |
| Rodionov et al. (2001) |
| Rodionov et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Burlakov (1995) |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Nozhkin et al. (2011) | |
| Volkov et al. (2013) |
| Goryachev (2001) +2 other references |
| Makshakov +2 other references |
| Makshakov +2 other references | |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) | |
| Goryachev (2001) +1 other reference |
| Goryachev (2001) | |
| Chernyavsky et al. (2012) |
| Kalinin +2 other references |
| Grant et al. (2001) +2 other references |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) |
| American Mineralogist | |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2006) |
| Fridovsky et al. (2018) |
| Kudrin et al. (2021) | |
| Gamyanin G.N. et al. (2001) |
| Bortnikov et al. (1998) +2 other references |
| Gamyanin et al. (2016) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
| Anikina et al. (2016) | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
| Sokol et al. (2021) |
| Sokol et al. (2021) | |
| Vikentyev et al. (2015) +3 other references |
| [Mineralien Welt 6/92:62] |
| Nekrasov et al. (1988) +1 other reference | |
| Kachalovskaya et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Kiseleva et al. (2008) | |
| Bortnikov et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
| Kovalev et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Redin et al. (2015) |
| Redin et al. (2015) | |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Spiridonov et al. (2010, December) +1 other reference |
Serbia | |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2016) | |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević |
| Cissarz et al. (1957) |
Slovakia | |
| Smithsonian Institution USNM ... |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Luptáková J. & Pršek J. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Maťo et al. (stredné Slovensko) |
| Bálintová T. et al. (Slovakia) |
| Miškovic J. (1990) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Trdlička Z. (1962) | |
| Láznička P. (1964) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Kodě +1 other reference |
| Ďuďa (1993) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Luptáková J. et al. (Malé Karpáty Mts., Slovakia) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Andráš P. et al. (1999) |
| Uher et al. (2000) |
| Pauliš P. |
| Háber et al. (SGR) +1 other reference | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Mikuš T. (2019) |
| Pauliš P. | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Malachovský (1979) |
| Števko M. (2021) | |
| Martin Števko |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Števko M. (2017) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Pauliš P. | |
| Pršek J & Biroň A. (2007) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Bacsó |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Ďuďa R. et al. ( Kotterbach ) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra |
| Bakoš F. et al. (Tatry) +1 other reference |
| Makovicky et al. (2007) |
| Duda |
| Duda et. all. |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Ďuďa R. (2001) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Chovan et al. (1998) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Bakoš +1 other reference |
| Smirnov A. (Nízke Tatry) |
| Smirnov A. (Nízke Tatry) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2005) |
| Pauliš +5 other references | |
| Smirnov et al. (2007) | |
Slovenia | |
| Žorž et al. (2002) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| De Jager (1966) +1 other reference |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) |
South Korea | |
| Imai et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Shin et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
| Nakai (1941) |
Spain | |
| Martinez Frias (1991) |
| Martínez-Frías et al. (2004) | |
| Álvarez-Valero et al. (2009) |
| Almodóvar et al. (1998) |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Econ Geol (1996) |
| mti-minas-castillalamancha.blogspot.com (n.d.) |
| Crespo et al. (2000) |
| |
| Analyzed by XRD by Dr. Joan Vinals (Barcelona) |
| mti-minas-extremadura.blogspot.com.es (2016) |
| Mineralium Deposita (1996) |
| Castroviejo (1990) |
| Martínez Abad I et al. (2014) |
Sweden | |
| Grensman et al. (2001) |
| Tiu (2019) +1 other reference | |
| Geijer (1965) |
| Thaulow (1837) +1 other reference |
| SGU Ca17 |
| |
| Burke et al. (1990) |
| Jasinski (1983) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1984) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1984) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1984) | |
| |
| Zakrzewski et al (1982) |
| EurJMin 5 +1 other reference |
| Andersson et al. (2014) |
| Jonsson (1992) |
| Rincon (2022) | |
| Laitos (2014) | |
| Ödman (1939) |
| Smellie | |
| Grip (1951) | |
| Econ Geol (1996) +1 other reference |
| Juve (1974) |
| Z Krist 68 |
| Jansson et al. (2022) |
| Kieft et al. (1987) +1 other reference | |
Switzerland | |
| Romani (2000) |
| Romani (2000) +1 other reference |
| Romani (2000) +1 other reference | |
| Romani (2000) | |
| Cabalzar (1977) |
| Bächtiger K. (1986) |
| Bodmer U. (1982-1983) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Rykart R. (1979) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| collection Joachim Esche |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cabalzar (1977) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser N. et al. (2020) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Schmutz et al. (1986) | |
| Ansermet S. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Gabriel (2017) |
| |
| Most recent: Gea 1993/04 p.137 with ... |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| 86. (in German) +2 other references |
Tajikistan | |
| Turlychkin et al. (1972) |
Turkey | |
| v. Steiger et al. (1943) +2 other references |
| Lucas Etienne collection |
| Lucas Etienne collection | |
| Kines (1969) |
| Arik (2012) |
UK | |
| G. Curtis |
| G.Curtis collection | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1956) | |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Hobson (1972) | |
| Steve Rust collection +1 other reference |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| G.Curtis collection |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Clayton et al. (2000) | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| |
| Cooper et al. (1990) |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1956) +3 other references |
| Kingsbury et al. (1956) | |
| Kingsbury (1965) |
| www.english-nature.org.uk (2016) |
| Tindle (2008) | |
| Day (1999) |
| Bevins et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Day (1999) |
Ukraine | |
| [World of Stones 12:20] |
| Alexander A. Evseev |
| Latish et al. (1959) | |
| Lazarenko E.K. (1975) | |
| Biruk et al. (2012) |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| USGS OFR 2004-1200 (Hawley,2004) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) +1 other reference | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| Taylor |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) +1 other reference |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| Econ Geol (1986) |
| USGS PP 1760A |
| Nokleberg (2005) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| Brian Beck Collected |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Murdoch (1966) +2 other references |
| Cooper et al. (1986) | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 137 +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Murphy (1979) |
| Grybeck (1976) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Carnein et al. (2005) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (2004) |
| Hall et al. (1972) | |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) | |
| Dana 7:I:321 & 421. |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Rocks & Min. 70:246 |
| - (2005) |
| Allen (1990) |
| Koschmann et al. (1968) |
| Ream (2004) | |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) | |
| Crowley et al. (1981) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min. 70:262 +1 other reference | |
| MRDS 10241626 | |
| Dana 7:I:421. |
| MRDS #10078357 |
| Ream (2004) | |
| Chan (1966) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Gabe Cangelosi |
| Jensen et al. (2012) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Dana 7:I:421. +1 other reference |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the St. ... |
| - (2005) |
| Gobla (2012) | |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +3 other references |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +2 other references | |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +3 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| Integrated Methods for Discovery: ... +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Peter G. Vikre (1998) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report ... +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Silver Coin Mine. Compact Disc. Paul ... |
| Paul M. Adams (2016) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Mineral News (1990) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Mankins (2022) |
| Mankins (2022) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| American Mineralogist 37:438-446 +1 other reference |
| Johnson (1977) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 17795 |
| John E.Callahan |
| Kenny Gay - North Carolina Geological ... |
| - (2005) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Dietrich (1990) +1 other reference |
| Dana 6: 143 | |
| - (2005) | |
| Lasmanis (1995) +1 other reference |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Purdy et al. (1951) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Dana 7:I:421 +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Falster (1981) +1 other reference |
| Falster (1987) | |
| Bull. Minéral. | |
Uzbekistan | |
| Eilu (2003) |
| Gromova +4 other references |
Venezuela | |
| Christopher O'Neill specimen |
Vietnam | |
| Nevolko et al. (2019) |
| Nevolko et al. (2019) | |
| Nevolko et al. (2019) |
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Dörnberg Mine, Olsberg, Hochsauerlandkreis, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany