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Bianchite

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07997820014946322755820.jpg
Bianchite, etc.

Ueberroth Mine, Friedensville, Saucon Valley, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA
08856000014946404051874.jpg
Bianchite, etc.

Jean Baptiste No. 1 shaft, Jean Baptiste Mine, Kamariza Mines, Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine], Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
03706080014946404098193.jpg
Bianchite

Podere Montevecchio, Gerfalco, Montieri, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy
07997820014946322755820.jpg
Bianchite, etc.

Ueberroth Mine, Friedensville, Saucon Valley, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA
08856000014946404051874.jpg
Bianchite, etc.

Jean Baptiste No. 1 shaft, Jean Baptiste Mine, Kamariza Mines, Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine], Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
03706080014946404098193.jpg
Bianchite

Podere Montevecchio, Gerfalco, Montieri, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy
07997820014946322755820.jpg
Bianchite, etc.

Ueberroth Mine, Friedensville, Saucon Valley, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA
08856000014946404051874.jpg
Bianchite, etc.

Jean Baptiste No. 1 shaft, Jean Baptiste Mine, Kamariza Mines, Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine], Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
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About BianchiteHide

02976680014946404033145.jpg
Angelo Bianchi
Formula:
(Zn,Fe)SO4 · 6H2O
Colour:
White, Yellowish; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.03 - 2.07
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1930 by C. Andeatta in honor of Angelo Bianchi (20 December 1892, Casalpusterlengo, Italy - 24 September 1970, Padova, Italy), Italian mineralogist at the National Research Council (CNR) and the University of Padova.
Hexahydrite Group.


Classification of BianchiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
6/C.05-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
7.CB.25

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
29.6.8.2

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
25.5.13

25 : Sulphates
5 : Sulphates of Zn and Hg

Physical Properties of BianchiteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White, Yellowish; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Density:
2.03 - 2.07 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.00 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BianchiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.465 nβ = 1.494 nγ = 1.495
2V:
Measured: 10° , Calculated: 20°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v weak

Chemical Properties of BianchiteHide

Formula:
(Zn,Fe)SO4 · 6H2O
IMA Formula:
Zn(SO4) · 6H2O
Elements listed:
H, O, S, Zn - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of BianchiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.09 Å, b = 7.2 Å, c = 24.49 Å
β = 98.27°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.401 : 1 : 3.401
Unit Cell V:
1,760.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crusts of indistinct crystals. Artificial crystals are tabular {001} with {110} and {112} prominent.
Twinning:
On {001} (common in artificial material).

Type Occurrence of BianchiteHide

Other Language Names for BianchiteHide

German:Bianchit
Spanish:Bianchita

Relationship of Bianchite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Hexahydrite Group
Other Members of this group:
Chvaleticeite(Mn,Mg)SO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
FerrohexahydriteFeSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
Moorhouseite(Co,Ni,Mn)SO4 · 6H2OMon.
Nickelhexahydrite(Ni,Mg,Fe)SO4 · 6H2OMon.

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Bianchite associated with GreenockiteCdS
1 photo of Bianchite associated with KtenasiteZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

7.CB.05Dwornikite(Ni,Fe)SO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05GunningiteZnSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05KieseriteMgSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m
7.CB.05Poitevinite(Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2OTric.
7.CB.05SzmikiteMnSO4 · H2OMon.
7.CB.05SzomolnokiteFeSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05CobaltkieseriteCoSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.07SanderiteMgSO4 · 2H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
7.CB.10BonattiteCuSO4 · 3H2OMon.
7.CB.15Aplowite(Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m
7.CB.15Boyleite(Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.15Ilesite(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m
7.CB.15RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.15StarkeyiteMgSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.15DrobeciteCdSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CB.15CranswickiteMgSO4 · 4H2OMon. m : Bb
7.CB.20ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.20JôkokuiteMnSO4 · 5H2OTric.
7.CB.20PentahydriteMgSO4 · 5H2OTric.
7.CB.20SiderotilFeSO4 · 5H2OTric.
7.CB.25Chvaleticeite(Mn,Mg)SO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.25FerrohexahydriteFeSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.25HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.25Moorhouseite(Co,Ni,Mn)SO4 · 6H2OMon.
7.CB.25Nickelhexahydrite(Ni,Mg,Fe)SO4 · 6H2OMon.
7.CB.30RetgersiteNiSO4 · 6H2OTet. 4 2 2 : P41 21 2
7.CB.35BieberiteCoSO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.35BoothiteCuSO4 · 7H2OMon.
7.CB.35MallarditeMnSO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.35MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.35Zincmelanterite(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2OMon.
7.CB.35AlpersiteMg(SO4) · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.40EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
7.CB.40GoslariteZnSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
7.CB.40MorenositeNiSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
7.CB.45AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2OTric. 1
7.CB.45Meta-alunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 12H2O
7.CB.50AluminocoquimbiteAl2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c
7.CB.55CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c
7.CB.55ParacoquimbiteFe4(SO4)6(H2O)12· 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.CB.55Rhomboclase(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.CB.60KorneliteFe2(SO4)3 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CB.65QuenstedtiteFe2(SO4)3 · 11H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.70LauseniteFe2(SO4)3·5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CB.75LishizheniteZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.75RömeriteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.CB.80RansomiteCuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.85ApjohniteMn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon.
7.CB.85BíliniteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.85Dietrichite(Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.85HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2 : P2
7.CB.85PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CB.85Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4·22H2OMon.
7.CB.85Wupatkiite(Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4·22H2OMon.
7.CB.90MeridianiiteMgSO4 · 11H2OTric. 1 : P1

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

29.6.8.1HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
29.6.8.3FerrohexahydriteFeSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
29.6.8.4Nickelhexahydrite(Ni,Mg,Fe)SO4 · 6H2OMon.
29.6.8.5Moorhouseite(Co,Ni,Mn)SO4 · 6H2OMon.
29.6.8.6Chvaleticeite(Mn,Mg)SO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

25.5.1ZinkositeZnSO4Orth.
25.5.2GoslariteZnSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
25.5.3NamuwiteZn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 4H2OTrig. 3 : P3
25.5.4KtenasiteZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon.
25.5.5Ramsbeckite(Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2OMon. 2/m
25.5.6Boyleite(Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
25.5.7SerpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
25.5.8OrthoserpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OOrth. mm2 : Pca21
25.5.9ZincaluminiteZn6Al6(SO4)2(OH)16 · 5H2O
25.5.10Glaucocerinite(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2OHex.
25.5.11GunningiteZnSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
25.5.12ChaidamuiteZnFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
25.5.15Zincmelanterite(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2OMon.
25.5.16Zincobotryogen(Zn,Mg,Mn2+)Fe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2OMon. 2/m
25.5.17SchuetteiteHg2+3(SO4)O2Trig. 3 2 : P31 2 1
25.5.18Gianellaite[(NHg2)2](SO4)(H2O)xIso. 4 3m : F4 3m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for BianchiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Thorpe, T.E., Watts, J.I. (1880) On the specific volume of water of crystallisation. Journal of the Chemical Society of London: 37: 102-117.
Wyrouboff (1889) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 12: 377.
Andeatta, C. (1930) Bianchite, nuovo minerale. Atti della Accademia nazionale dei Lincei Serie VI: 41: 760-769.
Andreatta, C. (1932) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Rendus: 6: 16: 62.
Foshag, W.F. (1930) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 15: 537-538.
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 495-496.
Spiess, M., Gruehn, R. (1979) Zur thermischen Dehydratisierung des ZnS04 · 7 H20 und zum Hochtemperaturverhalten von wasserfreiem ZnSO4. Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie: 456: 222-240.
Chou, I.-M., Seal, R.R. (2005) Determination of goslarite–bianchite equilibria by humidity-buffer technique at 0.1 MPa. Chemical Geology: 215: 517-523.
Leverett, P., Williams, P.A. (2007) Unusual post-mining sulphates from the Peelwood and Lloyd mines, New South Wales, and a comment on wattevilleite. Australian Journal of Mineralogy: 13: 41-46.

Internet Links for BianchiteHide

Localities for BianchiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • Australian Capital Territory
    • Brindabella Range
      • Cotter River
Handbook of Mineralogy
  • New South Wales
    • Gough Co.
      • Strathbogie
Ashley, P.M., Lottermoser, B.G. (1999) Geochemical, mineralogical and biogeochemical characterisation of abandoned metalliferous mine sites, Southern New England Orogen. In Flood, P.G. (ed.) Regional Geology, tectonics and metallogenesis, New England Orogen, 1-3 Forum, 1999, Department of Earth Science, U.N.E. Australia, 409-417.
  • Tasmania
    • West Coast municipality
      • Rosebery district
        • Rosebery
R Bottrrill, unpub. analyses
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Villach-Land District
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
Bulgaria
 
  • Smolyan Province
    • Madan ore field
Handbook of Mineralogy
Canada
 
  • New Brunswick
    • Gloucester Co.
      • Bathurst Parish
        • Bathurst Mining Camp
Anderson, J. L., Peterson, R. C., & Swainson, I. (2012) The atomic structure of deuterated boyleite ZnSO4· 4D2O, ilesite MnSO4· 4D2O, and bianchite ZnSO4· 6D2O. American Mineralogist: 97(11-12): 1905-1914.
  • Northwest Territories
Rocks & Min 81:1 pp 24-32
  • Nunavut
    • Qikiqtaaluk Region
      • Baffin Island
        • Nanisivik
[MinRec 21:533]
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg
      • Rottweil
        • Schenkenzell
Handbook of Mineralogy
  • Hesse
    • Hersfeld-Rotenburg
      • Nentershausen
        • Süß
          • Richelsdorf Smelter
S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar
      • Rammelsberg
Jambor J L, Boyle R W (1962) Gunningite, a new zinc sulphate from the Keno Hill – Galena Hill area, Yukon, The Canadian Mineralogist 7, 209-218
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • The Ruhr
      • Marl
        • Marl-Hüls
Weiss, S. (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas, Deutschland West. Weise Verlag, München, 320 pages.
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
      • Bad Ems
        • Frücht
SEM-EDS and XRD by Joy Desor and Gerhard Möhn
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
No reference listed
GRÖBNER, J. (2001): Roter Skorodit und weitere ungewöhnliche Arsenate: Die Mineralien des Abbaus 132 der Grube Christiana, Lavrion/Griechenland. Lapis, 26 (11), 13-21.
          • Sounion area
            • Sounion Mines
W. Krause, H.-J. Bernhardt, R. S. W. Braithwaite, U. Kolitsch and R. Pritchard (2006): Kapellasite, Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2, a new mineral from Lavrion, Greece. Mineralogical Magazine 70, 331-342.
Hungary
 
  • Heves County
    • Mátraszentimre
Szakáll S.,2011,University of Miskolc, Department of Mineralogy and Petrology
Italy (TL)
 
  • Friuli-Venezia Giulia
    • Udine Province
      • Tarvisio
        • Cave del Predil
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 496; Nickel & Nichols, 1991 - "Mineral Reference Manual", p22.
  • Sardinia
    • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
      • Iglesias
Forti P. (1985) : Alcuni nuovi minerali carsici dell'Iglesiente. Notiz. di Miner. e Paleont., 44, pagg.3-10.
- Stara P., Rizzo R. e Tanca A.G. (1996) : Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e minerali. Vol. I (239 pagg.). EMSa Ed.
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Sarrabus-Gerrei
        • Gerrei
          • Villaputzu
Anderson, J. L., Peterson, R. C., & Swainson, I. (2012). The atomic structure of deuterated boyleite ZnSO4· 4D2O, ilesite MnSO4· 4D2O, and bianchite ZnSO4· 6D2O. American Mineralogist, 97(11-12), 1905-1914.
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
      • Montieri
        • Gerfalco
Bazzoni C., Capperi M., (2001): La miniera di "Montevecchio in Toscana (Gerfalco - Grosseto), Rivista mineralogica italiana, (4), 2001, 236-241; Bazzoni C., Capperi M., (2001): La miniera di "Montevecchio in Toscana (Gerfalco - Grosseto), Rivista mineralogica italiana, (4), 2001, 236-241
Bazzoni, C. & Capperi, M. (2001): La miniera di «Montevecchio» in Toscana (Gerfalco - Grosseto). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2011, 236-241
Norway
 
  • Buskerud
    • Modum
      • Åmot
Raade,G.(1995): "Secondary Zn and Cu minerals from contact deposits of the Oslo region, Norway".Bergverksmuseet Skrift nr 9, 18-26; Neumann,H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske skrifter 68. p. 109
Poland
 
  • Lesser Poland Voivodeship
    • Olkusz Co.
      • Gmina Bolesław
Handbook of Mineralogy
      • Gmina Olkusz
Cabała, J., & Bzowska, G. (2008). Sulphate speleothems in Pomorzany Zn–Pb ore mine, southern Poland. Kras i speleologia, 12(21), 59-76.
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Świętochłowice City Co.
Bril, H., Zainoun, K., Puziewicz, J., Courtin-Nomade, A., Vanaecker, M. & Bollinger, J.-C. (2008): Secondary phases from the alteration of a pile of zinc-smelting slag as indicators of environmental conditions: an example from Świętochłowice, Upper Silesia, Poland. Canadian Mineralogist 46, 1235-1248.
Romania
 
  • Maramureș
    • Baia Sprie (Felsőbánya)
      • Baia Sprie mine (Felsőbánya mine)
Buzatu, A., Damian, G., & Buzgar, N. (2012) Raman And Infrared Studies Of Weathering Products From Baia Sprie Ore Deposit (Romania). Romanian Journal of Mineral Deposits, 85:7-10
Russia
 
  • Orenburg Oblast
E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest Cobalt-Containing Sulfates from the South Ural, Russia", 5th International Conference "Mineralogy & Museums", Paris, Sept. 5-8th 2004, Bull. de Liaison de la Soc. Franç. de Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 2004, Vol 16, N°2.
  • Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
    • Verkhoyansk Fold Belt
      • Verkhoyansk Silver Province
        • Deputatsky ore cluster
Zhdanov Yu.Ya., Solov'ev L.I. (1998): Geology and mineralogical composition of the oxidized zone in the Deputatsk tin ore deposit. Otechestvennaya Geol. (6), 77-79 (in Russian).
Switzerland
 
  • Valais
    • Goms
      • Binn
        • Fäld (Imfeld; Im Feld; Feld)
XRD Analyses by N. Meisser, Lausanne, in Summer 2015
UK
 
  • Wales
    • Ceredigion
      • Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn
        • Pontrhydygroes
Palumbo-Roe, Barbara, Klinck, Ben, Banks, Vanessa, Quigley, Séan (2009) Prediction of the long-term performance of abandoned lead zinc mine tailings in a Welsh catchment. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 100(2), 169-181.; Rust, Steve A. (2019) Minerals of the Frongoch Mine. Published by the author, 180 pages. ISBN 978-1-9162641-0-6 (referring to Palumbo-Roe et al.)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 135; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 12: 256-319.
    • Graham Co.
      • Aravaipa Mining District
        • Willow Spring Canyon
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 135.
  • California
    • Inyo Co.
      • Inyo Mts (Inyo Range)
        • Malpais Mesa
Paul M. Adams (2017) The Santa Rosa mine, Inyo County, California. Minerlogical Record 48:755-777
  • Colorado
    • Clear Creek Co.
      • Georgetown District
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
        • Illinois Mine
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
Handbook of Mineralogy
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex Co.
      • Franklin Mining District
        • Ogdensburg
          • Sterling Hill
Hendricks, J: Notes on the minerals of Franklin & Sterling Hill (1960): Jenkins & Misiur: Mineralogical Record: 25:95-102 (1994); Dunn(1995):Pt5:630.
  • Pennsylvania
    • Lehigh Co.
      • Upper Saucon Township
        • Saucon Valley
          • Friedensville
Rocks & Min.: 6:26; 10:33-36, 58; Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 20; Grant, R.W. (Jan, 1971), PA Mins. (PM)(97), Keystone Newsletter; Montgomery, A. (Aug
  • Virginia
    • Louisa Co.
      • Gold-Pyrite Belt
Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
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