Barstowite
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Barstowite
Formula:
Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O
Colour:
Transparent to white
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
5.71
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after Richard W. Barstow (1947-1982), Cornish mineral collector and dealer.
Type Locality:
Classification of Barstowite
Approved
Approval year:
1989
5/E.08-100
3.DC.95
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
12.1.7.1
12 : COMPOUND HALIDES
1 : Miscellaneous
12 : COMPOUND HALIDES
1 : Miscellaneous
12.1.24
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
Physical Properties of Barstowite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Transparent to white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=111(4) kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Prismatic
Prismatic
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.71 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.77 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Barstowite
Anisotropism:
weak to moderate
Bireflectance:
Moderate grey to dark grey
Internal Reflections:
Abundant
Chemical Properties of Barstowite
Formula:
Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O
IMA Formula:
Pb4(CO3)Cl6 · H2O
Crystallography of Barstowite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.2043(8) Å, b = 9.199(2) Å, c = 16.663(3) Å
β = 91.82(1)°
β = 91.82(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.457 : 1 : 1.811
Unit Cell V:
644.12 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
Two published structure refinements are in good agreement.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0019157 | Barstowite | Kutzke H, Klapper H, Merlino S, Pasero M, Perchiazzi N, Eggert G (2000) The crystal structure of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)*H2O, determined on crystals from Etruscan slags and from a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 215 110-113 | 2000 | a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck found near Mahdia, Tunisia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014538 | Barstowite | Steele I M, Pluth J J, Stanley C J (1999) Crystal structure of barstowite (3PbCl2PbCO3H2O) Mineralogical Magazine 63 901-907 |  | 1999 | Bounds Cliff, St Endellion, Cornwall | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.16 Å | (5) |
| 4.02 Å | (10) |
| 3.79 Å | (3) |
| 3.045 Å | (3) |
| 2.377 Å | (6) |
| 2.296 Å | (8) |
| 2.108 Å | (4) |
Comments:
Data for type material.
Type Occurrence of Barstowite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London [statutory name: British Museum(Natural History)] as specimen BM 1990, 25 and polished section E. 1353.
Synonyms of Barstowite
Other Language Names for Barstowite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 3.DC.05 | Laurionite | PbCl(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 3.DC.05 | Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 3.DC.10 | Fiedlerite | Pb3FCl4(OH) · H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| 3.DC.15 | Penfieldite | Pb2Cl3(OH) | Hex. 6 : P6 |
| 3.DC.20 | Laurelite | Pb7F12Cl2 | Hex. 6 : P6 |
| 3.DC.25 | Bismoclite | BiOCl | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| 3.DC.25 | Daubréeite | BiO(OH) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| 3.DC.25 | Matlockite | PbFCl | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| 3.DC.25 | Rorisite | CaFCl | Tet. |
| 3.DC.25 | Zavaritskite | (BiO)F | Tet. |
| 3.DC.25 | Zhangpeishanite | BaFCl | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| 3.DC.30 | Nadorite | PbSbClO2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
| 3.DC.30 | Perite | PbBiClO2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
| 3.DC.35 | Aravaipaite | Pb3AlF9 · H2O | Tric. |
| 3.DC.37 | Calcioaravaipaite | PbCa2AlF9 | Tric. 1 |
| 3.DC.40 | Thorikosite | Pb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm |
| 3.DC.45 | Mereheadite | Pb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2 | Mon. m |
| 3.DC.50 | Blixite | Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4 | Orth. |
| 3.DC.55 | Pinalite | Pb3WO5Cl2 | Orth. |
| 3.DC.60 | Symesite | Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 3.DC.65 | Ecdemite | Pb6Cl4(As2O7) | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| 3.DC.70 | Mendipite | Pb3Cl2O2 | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
| 3.DC.75 | Damaraite | Pb3Cl(OH)O2 | Orth. mm2 : Pmc21 |
| 3.DC.80 | Onoratoite | Sb8Cl2O11 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 3.DC.85 | Cotunnite | PbCl2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 3.DC.90 | Pseudocotunnite | K2PbCl4 | Orth. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 12.1.1 | Northupite | Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Fd3 |
| 12.1.2 | Barentsite | Na7Al(HCO3)2(CO3)2F4 | Tric. |
| 12.1.3 | Rouvilleite | Na3(Ca,Mn,Fe)2(CO3)3F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 12.1.4 | Chlormagaluminite | Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm |
| 12.1.5 | Defernite | Ca6(CO3)2-x(SiO4)x(OH)7(Cl,OH)1-2x (x | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| 12.1.6 | Brenkite | Ca2(CO3)F2 | Orth. |
| 12.1.7 | Stenonite | (Sr,Ba,Na)2Al(CO3)F5 | Mon. 2/m |
| 12.1.8 | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F | Hex. 6 m2 : P6c2 |
| 12.1.9 | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F | Hex. |
| 12.1.10 | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
| 12.1.11 | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 | Mon. m : Bb |
| 12.1.12 | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 | |
| 12.1.13 | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 12.1.14 | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 12.1.15 | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F | Orth. |
| 12.1.16 | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 12.1.17 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F | Hex. |
| 12.1.19 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 12.1.20 | Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F | Trig. |
| 12.1.21 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 12.1.22 | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
| 12.1.23 | Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mbm |
| 12.1.25 | Albrechtschraufite | Ca4Mg(UO2)2(CO3)6F2 · 17-18H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 12.1.26 | Kettnerite | CaBiCO3OF | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Barstowite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Mel'nikova, V.L. (1972) A lead oxychloride from the zone of oxidation of the baryte-polymetallic deposit of Kairatky, central Kazakhstan. Izvest. Akad. Nauk Kazakh SSR, Ser. Geol. 6: 82-86 (in Russian).
Stanley, C.J., Jones, G.C., Hart, A.D., Keller, P., and Lloyd, D. (1991) Barstowite, 3PbCl2 • PbCO3 • H2O, a new mineral from Bounds Cliff, St. Endellion, Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine: 55: 121–125.
American Mineralogist (1992) 77: 670 (abstract).
Kutzke, H., Barbier, B., Becker, P., and Eggert, G. (1995) Korrosionsprodukte auf den Bleifunden des Schiffswracks von Mahdia. In: Hauptmann, A., Rehren, T., Yalçin, Ü.: Archaeometrie und Denkmalpflege - Kurzberichte, Bochum, 1995, p. 165.
Perchiazzi, N. and Rewitzer, C. (1995) Die weltbesten Barstowite und ein neues Sekundärmineral aus Lavrion. Lapis: 20: 30-31.
Kutzke, H., Barbier, B., Becker, P., Eggert, G., and Klapper, H. (1996) Die Struktur des Barstowits, 3PbCl2.PbCO3.H2O - bestimmt an einem Kristall aus einem Schiffswrack aus römischer Zeit. Zeitschrift für Kristallografie, Suppl. 11, 111.
Merlino, S., Pasero, M., and Perchiazzi, N. (1996) Struttura della barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3).H2O. Plinius: 16: 151-152.
Kutzke, H., Barbier, B., Becker, P., and Eggert, G. (1997) Barstowite as a corrosion product on a lead object from the Mahdia shipwreck. Studies in Conservation: 42: 176-180.
Kutzke, H., Klapper, H., Merlino, S., Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N., and Eggert, G. (2000) The crystal structure of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)•H2O, determined on crystals from Etruscan slags and from a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck. Zeits. Krist.: 215: 110–113.
Jambor, J.L. and Roberts, A.C. (2001) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 86: 197-200.
Internet Links for Barstowite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-540.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Barstowite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Lapis 19 (7/8):69 (1994) |
Czech Republic | |
| C.Auer (2017) |
Greece | |
| Gelaude, P., van Kalmthout, P., and Rewitzer, C. (1996) Laurion: The minerals of the ancient slags. Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. |
| Gelaude, P., van Kalmthout, P., and Rewitzer, C. (1996) Laurion: The minerals of the ancient slags. Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. |
| Uwe Kolitsch (SXRD analysis) |
Italy | |
| Kutzke, H., Klapper, H., Merlino, S., Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N., and Eggert, G. (2000) The crystal structure of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)•H2O, determined on crystals from Etruscan slags and from a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck. Zeits. Kristallogr., 215, 110-113. |
| http://www.comune.pisa.it/apsn/Articoli/Scorie/Capattoli.htm |
| Franzini, M. and Perchiazzi, N. (1992) I minerali delle scorie ferrifere etrusche di Baratti (Livorno). Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, Serie A, 99, 43-77.; Franzini, M., Perchiazzi, N., Bartoli, M.L., and Chiappino, L. (1992) Baratti (LI): una nuova località mineralogica italiana analoga al Laurion. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 15, 1 (1-1992), 1-14 [1a parte].; Cerutti, G. and Preite, D. (1995) Mineralien der etruskischen Schlacken von Baratti, Toskana. Lapis, 20, 4, 13-18 and 50.; Kutzke, H., Klapper, H., Merlino, S., Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N., and Eggert, G. (2000) The crystal structure of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)•H2O, determined on crystals from Etruscan slags and from a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck. Zeitschrift für Kristallografie, 215, 110-113. |
Kazakhstan | |
| Mel'nikova, V.L. (1972) A lead oxychloride from the zone of oxidation of the baryte-polymetallic deposit of Kairatky, central Kazakhstan. Izvest. Akad. Nauk [Kazakh?!] SSSR, Ser. Geol., 6, 82-86 (in Russian).; Kutzke, H., Klapper, H., Merlino, S., Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N., and Eggert, G. (2000) The crystal structure of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)•H2O, determined on crystals from Etruscan slags and from a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck. Zeits. Kristallogr., 215, 110-113. |
Tunisia | |
| Kutzke, H., Barbier, B., Becker, P., Eggert, G., and Klapper, H. (1996) Die Struktur des Barstowits, 3PbCl2.PbCO3.H2O - bestimmt an einem Kristall aus einem Schiffswrack aus römischer Zeit. Zeitschrift für Kristallografie, Suppl. 11, 111.; Kutzke, H., Barbier, B., Becker, P., and Eggert, G. (1997) Barstowite as a corrosion product on a lead object from the Mahdia shipwreck. Studies in Conservation 42, 176-180.; Kutzke, H., Klapper, H., Merlino, S., Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N., and Eggert, G. (2000) The crystal structure of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)•H2O, determined on crystals from Etruscan slags and from a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck. Zeitschrift für Kristallografie, 215, 110-113. |
UK (TL) | |
| Keller, P. and Lloyd, D. (1991) Barstowite, 3PbCb.PbC03.H20, a new mineral from Bounds Cliff, St. Endellion, Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine: 55: 121-125.; Kutzke, H., Klapper, H., Merlino, S., Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N., and Eggert, G. (2000) The crystal structure of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)•H2O, determined on crystals from Etruscan slags and from a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck. Zeits. Kristallogr., 215, 110-113. |
Baratti slag locality, Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy