Barstowite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Barstowite
Formula:
Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O
Colour:
Transparent to white
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
5.71
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after Richard W. Barstow (1947-1982), Cornish mineral collector and dealer.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
540
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:540:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
336119c5-4859-4d3d-a3c3-0756629feece
IMA Classification of Barstowite
Classification of Barstowite
3.DC.95
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
12.1.7.1
12 : COMPOUND HALIDES
1 : Miscellaneous
12 : COMPOUND HALIDES
1 : Miscellaneous
12.1.24
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Bsw | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Barstowite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Transparent to white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=111(4) kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Prismatic
Prismatic
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.71 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.77 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Barstowite
Anisotropism:
weak to moderate
Bireflectance:
Moderate grey to dark grey
Internal Reflections:
Abundant
Chemistry of Barstowite
Mindat Formula:
Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O
Crystallography of Barstowite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.2043(8) Å, b = 9.199(2) Å, c = 16.663(3) Å
β = 91.82(1)°
β = 91.82(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.457 : 1 : 1.811
Unit Cell V:
644.12 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
Two published structure refinements are in good agreement.
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0019157 | Barstowite | Kutzke H, Klapper H, Merlino S, Pasero M, Perchiazzi N, Eggert G (2000) The crystal structure of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)*H2O, determined on crystals from Etruscan slags and from a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 215 110-113 | 2000 | a Late-Hellenistic shipwreck found near Mahdia, Tunisia | 0 | 293 | |
0014538 | Barstowite | Steele I M, Pluth J J, Stanley C J (1999) Crystal structure of barstowite (3PbCl2PbCO3H2O) Mineralogical Magazine 63 901-907 | 1999 | Bounds Cliff, St Endellion, Cornwall | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.16 Å | (5) |
4.02 Å | (10) |
3.79 Å | (3) |
3.045 Å | (3) |
2.377 Å | (6) |
2.296 Å | (8) |
2.108 Å | (4) |
Comments:
Data for type material.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) | |
57 : Other minerals formed by human processes |
Type Occurrence of Barstowite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London [statutory name: British Museum(Natural History)] as specimen BM 1990, 25 and polished section E. 1353.
Synonyms of Barstowite
Other Language Names for Barstowite
Common Associates
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
3.DC. | Lucabindiite | (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br) |
3.DC. | Torrecillasite | Na(As,Sb)3+4O6Cl |
3.DC. | Gajardoite | KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2 · 5H2O |
3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(NH₄) | (NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(K) | K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
3.DC. | Napoliite | Pb2OFCl |
3.DC.05 | Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
3.DC.05 | Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
3.DC.05 | Russoite | (NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5 |
3.DC.05 | Mauriziodiniite | (NH4)(As2O3)2I |
3.DC.10 | Fiedlerite | Pb3FCl4(OH) · H2O |
3.DC.15 | Penfieldite | Pb2Cl3(OH) |
3.DC.15 | Telluroperite | Pb3TeO4Cl2 |
3.DC.20 | Laurelite | Pb7F12Cl2 |
3.DC.25 | Bismoclite | BiOCl |
3.DC.25 | Matlockite | PbFCl |
3.DC.25 | Rorisite | CaFCl |
3.DC.25 | Zavaritskite | (BiO)F |
3.DC.25 | Zhangpeishanite | BaFCl |
3.DC.30 | Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
3.DC.30 | Perite | PbBiClO2 |
3.DC.40 | Thorikosite | Pb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3) |
3.DC.45 | Mereheadite | Pb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2 |
3.DC.50 | Blixite | Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4 |
3.DC.52 | Rumseyite | Pb2OClF |
3.DC.55 | Pinalite | Pb3WO5Cl2 |
3.DC.55 | Vladkrivovichevite | [Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8 · 2H2O |
3.DC.57 | Yeomanite | Pb2O(OH)Cl |
3.DC.60 | Lorettoite | Pb7O6Cl2 |
3.DC.60 | Symesite | Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O |
3.DC.62 | Sarawakite (of Frenzel) | Sb, O, Cl (?) |
3.DC.65 | Ecdemite | Pb6Cl4(As2O7) |
3.DC.70 | Mendipite | Pb3Cl2O2 |
3.DC.75 | Damaraite | Pb3Cl(OH)O2 |
3.DC.80 | Onoratoite | Sb8Cl2O11 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Barstowite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-540.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Barstowite
Reference List:
Localities for Barstowite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Lapis 19 (7/8) |
Czech Republic | |
| C.Auer (2017) |
Greece | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) |
Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
Uwe Kolitsch (SXRD analysis) | |
Italy | |
| Kutzke et al. (2000) |
| www.comune.pisa.it (2000) |
| Franzini et al. (1992) +3 other references |
Kazakhstan | |
| structure of barstowite (CO3) +2 other references |
Spain | |
| Van der Berg et al. (2020) |
Tunisia | |
| Kutzke et al. (1996) +2 other references |
Turkey | |
| Powell et al. (2021) |
UK (TL) | |
| Stanley et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout BarstowiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Baratti slag locality, Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy