Russoite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Russoite
Formula:
(NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5
Colour:
Colorless, yellowish
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
2.89
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Massimo Russo (b. 16 February 1960, Naples, Italy) geologist and researcher at the "Osservatorio Vesuviano", National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Naples. He has written several books and articles on Italian volcanoes.
Known synthetic analogue. Unique combination of elements. Chemically somewhat similar to lucabindiite, gajardoite (also hexagonal), and torrecillasite (all having arsenic oxide groups in the structure).
Structure details:
* electrically neutral As2O3 layers (topologically identical to those in lucabindiite and gajardoite)...
* ...intercalated with NH4+ cations;
* Cl- anions outside the layers;
* H2O and additional NH4+within a layer inserted between two Cl--layers.
Structure details:
* electrically neutral As2O3 layers (topologically identical to those in lucabindiite and gajardoite)...
* ...intercalated with NH4+ cations;
* Cl- anions outside the layers;
* H2O and additional NH4+within a layer inserted between two Cl--layers.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
47596
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:47596:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
2e1e594f-aff1-4ca4-821d-2c7a156636cf
IMA Classification of Russoite
Approved
IMA Formula:
(NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5
Approval year:
2016
First published:
2019
Classification of Russoite
3.DC.05
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Rso | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Russoite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless, yellowish
Streak:
White
Hardness Data:
Could not be measured
Comment:
Crystals too small to measure hardness
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}
On {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.89(1) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.911 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured by flotation in diiodomethane/benzene solution, calculated using empirical formula
Optical Data of Russoite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.810(6) nε = 1.650(5)
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.160
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Chemistry of Russoite
Mindat Formula:
(NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5
Crystallography of Russoite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 2 2 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:
P6 2 2
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.2411(7) Å, c = 12.5948(25) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.403
Unit Cell V:
299.62 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Hexagonal plates flattened on {001} and bounded by {100}.
Twinning:
None observed
Comment:
Space group may be incorrect - the synthetic compound has space group P6/mmm (Wrześniewska et al., 2023).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
12.627 Å | (19) |
6.324 Å | (100) |
4.547 Å | (75) |
4.218 Å | (47) |
3.094 Å | (45) |
2.627 Å | (47) |
2.428 Å | (31) |
1.820 Å | (28) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Russoite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Hexagonal plates up to about 300μm in diameter and 15μm thick, in rosette-like intergrowths.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Reference Collection of the DCSSI, Università degli Studi di Milano, catalogue number 2015-01.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Fumarole
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Campostrini, I., Demartin, F., Scavini, M. (2019) Russoite, NH4ClAs23+O3(H2O)0.5, a new phylloarsenite mineral from Solfatara Di Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine: 83(1): 89-94.
Synonyms of Russoite
Relationship of Russoite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Cuatrocapaite-(K) | K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Cuatrocapaite-(NH₄) | (NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Ermakovite | (NH4)(As2O3)2Br | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
Gajardoite | KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2 · 5H2O | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
Gajardoite-(NH4) | (NH4)As3+4O6Cl2(Ca0.5◻0.5)(H2O)5 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
Lucabindiite | (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br) | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
Mauriziodiniite | (NH4)(As2O3)2I | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
Torrecillasite | Na(As,Sb)3+4O6Cl | Orth. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Russoite associated with Adranosite | (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 |
1 photo of Russoite associated with Realgar | As4S4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
3.DC. | Lucabindiite | (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br) |
3.DC. | Torrecillasite | Na(As,Sb)3+4O6Cl |
3.DC. | Gajardoite | KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2 · 5H2O |
3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(NH₄) | (NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(K) | K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
3.DC. | Napoliite | Pb2OFCl |
3.DC.05 | Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
3.DC.05 | Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
3.DC.05 | Mauriziodiniite | (NH4)(As2O3)2I |
3.DC.10 | Fiedlerite | Pb3FCl4(OH) · H2O |
3.DC.15 | Penfieldite | Pb2Cl3(OH) |
3.DC.15 | Telluroperite | Pb3TeO4Cl2 |
3.DC.20 | Laurelite | Pb7F12Cl2 |
3.DC.25 | Bismoclite | BiOCl |
3.DC.25 | Matlockite | PbFCl |
3.DC.25 | Rorisite | CaFCl |
3.DC.25 | Zavaritskite | (BiO)F |
3.DC.25 | Zhangpeishanite | BaFCl |
3.DC.30 | Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
3.DC.30 | Perite | PbBiClO2 |
3.DC.40 | Thorikosite | Pb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3) |
3.DC.45 | Mereheadite | Pb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2 |
3.DC.50 | Blixite | Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4 |
3.DC.52 | Rumseyite | Pb2OClF |
3.DC.55 | Pinalite | Pb3WO5Cl2 |
3.DC.55 | Vladkrivovichevite | [Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8 · 2H2O |
3.DC.57 | Yeomanite | Pb2O(OH)Cl |
3.DC.60 | Lorettoite | Pb7O6Cl2 |
3.DC.60 | Symesite | Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O |
3.DC.62 | Sarawakite (of Frenzel) | Sb, O, Cl (?) |
3.DC.65 | Ecdemite | Pb6Cl4(As2O7) |
3.DC.70 | Mendipite | Pb3Cl2O2 |
3.DC.75 | Damaraite | Pb3Cl(OH)O2 |
3.DC.80 | Onoratoite | Sb8Cl2O11 |
3.DC.95 | Barstowite | Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O |
Fluorescence of Russoite
Does not fluoresce
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Russoite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-47596.html
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References for Russoite
Reference List:
Hålenius, U., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S.J. (2016) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2016, CNMNC Newsletter no 30. Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (2) 407-413 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.081
Localities for Russoite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Italy (TL) | |
| Campostrini et al. (2019) |
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"Bocca Grande" fumarole, Solfatara di Pozzuoli, Pozzuoli, Naples, Campania, Italy