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Hereroite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Hereroite (3)

Search Photos of Hereroite

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Hereroite, etc.

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Hereroite, etc.

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Hereroite, etc.

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Hereroite, etc.

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Hereroite, etc.

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Hereroite, etc.

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Hereroite, etc.

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Hereroite, etc.

Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

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About HereroiteHide

Formula:

[Pb₃₂(O,◻)₂₁](AsO₄)₂[(Si,As,V,Mo]O₄)₂Cl₁₀

Colour:

Bright orange

Lustre:

Adamantine

Specific Gravity:

8.15 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Hereroite is named after the Herero people, one of the indigenous tribal groupings in the region where the Kombat mine is located.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Structurally and chemically related to erikjonssonite. Also chemically related to janchevite, kombatite, and vanadinite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

42825

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:42825:7

GUID
(UUID V4):

2d365cb0-1f89-40c9-9608-f1316e65ab7e

IMA Classification of HereroiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

[Pb₃₂(O,◻)₂₁](AsO₄)₂[(Si,As,V,Mo)O₄]₂Cl₁₀

Approval year:

2011

First published:

2012

Type description reference:

Turner, R., Siidra, O. I., Rumsey, M. S., Krivovichev, S. V., Stanley, C. J., Spratt, J. (2012) Hereroite and vladkrivovichevite: two novel lead oxychlorides from the Kombat mine, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (4) 883-890 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.4.05

Classification of HereroiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

8.BO.50

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H₂O
O : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ about 1:1

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Hre	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of HereroiteHide

Lustre:

Adamantine

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Bright orange

Streak:

White

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Parting:

none

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

8.15 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Comment:

Could not be measured

Optical Data of HereroiteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R
400nm	20.4%
420nm	19.4%
440nm	18.6%
460nm	18.1%
470nm	17.9%
480nm	17.7%
500nm	17.4%
520nm	17.1%
540nm	16.9%
546nm	16.9%
560nm	16.8%
580nm	16.7%
589nm	16.6%
600nm	16.55%
620nm	16.4%
640nm	16.3%
650nm	16.3%
660nm	16.2%
680nm	16.3%
700nm	16.4%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 20.4%.

Colour in reflected light:

Grey with a bluish tint

Internal Reflections:

Yellowish orange

Chemistry of HereroiteHide

Mindat Formula:

[Pb₃₂(O,◻)₂₁](AsO₄)₂[(Si,As,V,Mo]O₄)₂Cl₁₀

Elements listed:

As, Cl, Mo, O, Pb, Si, V - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of HereroiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

B2/b

Cell Parameters:

a = 23.139(4) Å, b = 22.684(4) Å, c = 12.389(2) Å
β = 102.090(3)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.02 : 1 : 0.546

Unit Cell V:

6,358.57 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0019741	Hereroite	Siidra O I, Krivovichev S V, Turner R W, Rumsey M S, Spratt J (2013) Crystal chemistry of layered Pb oxychloride minerals with PbO-related structures: Part I. Crystal structure of hereroite, [Pb32O20(O,[_])](AsO4)2[(Si,As,V,Mo)O4]2Cl10 American Mineralogist 98 248-255		2013	Kombat mine, Grootfontein, Namibia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Hereroite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Siidra O I'
'Krivovichev S V'
'Turner R W'
'Rumsey M S'
'Spratt J'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 98 
_journal_year 2013
_journal_page_first 248
_journal_page_last 255
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal chemistry of layered Pb oxychloride minerals with PbO-related structures:
 Part I. Crystal structure of hereroite, [Pb32O20(O,[_])](AsO4)2[(Si,As,V,Mo)O4]2Cl10
;
_database_code_amcsd 0019741
_chemical_compound_source 'Kombat mine, Grootfontein, Namibia'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb32 Si.96 As2.56 V.32 Mo.16 Cl9 O36.7'
_cell_length_a 23.139
_cell_length_b 22.684
_cell_length_c 12.389
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 102.090
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 6358.568
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      8.134
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C 1 2/c 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  'x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pb1   0.02370   0.33013   0.11179   1.00000   0.01240
Pb2  -0.13847   0.33113  -0.05572   1.00000   0.00938
Pb3   0.24274   0.16730   0.00179   1.00000   0.01195
Pb4  -0.03666   0.55670   0.37405   1.00000   0.01179
Pb5  -0.30232   0.33470  -0.22005   1.00000   0.01283
Pb6   0.08073   0.16427  -0.17277   1.00000   0.00920
Pb7  -0.19191   0.66864  -0.28106   1.00000   0.01232
Pb8  -0.07902   0.44391   0.15108   1.00000   0.01180
Pb9  -0.19752   0.44554  -0.26142   1.00000   0.01285
Pb10  -0.02290   0.04875  -0.11756   1.00000   0.01329
Pb11   0.03095   0.16428   0.11131   1.00000   0.01614
Pb12  -0.23979   0.55461  -0.48495   1.00000   0.01140
Pb13  -0.08201   0.67123   0.17201   1.00000   0.01177
Pb14   0.18340   0.05181  -0.23282   1.00000   0.01399
Pb15   0.13716   0.05425   0.03687   1.00000   0.01445
Pb16   0.14468   0.16517  -0.43715   1.00000   0.01309
SiT   0.09489  -0.06941  -0.15611   0.48000   0.01290
AsT   0.09489  -0.06941  -0.15611   0.28000   0.01290
VT   0.09489  -0.06941  -0.15611   0.16000   0.01290
MoT   0.09489  -0.06941  -0.15611   0.08000   0.01290
As1  -0.13500   0.56799  -0.05413   1.00000   0.01740
Cl1  -0.25000   0.25000   0.00000   1.00000   0.02070
Cl2   0.14010   0.23630   0.05530   1.00000   0.02040
Cl3  -0.02700   0.24850  -0.11120   1.00000   0.02150
Cl4  -0.07820   0.25894   0.16450   1.00000   0.01920
Cl5  -0.30200   0.75128  -0.22730   1.00000   0.02000
O1   0.09260   0.00110  -0.16340   1.00000   0.03000
O2   0.04130  -0.09310  -0.09750   1.00000   0.03100
O3  -0.40130   0.39970  -0.27700   1.00000   0.01600
O4  -0.34100   0.40830  -0.07300   1.00000   0.02400
O5  -0.07490   0.59500   0.04000   1.00000   0.07700
O6  -0.13310   0.49520  -0.05900   1.00000   0.02700
O7  -0.11850   0.59520  -0.16980   1.00000   0.09900
O8A  -0.18390   0.59060   0.01500   0.58000   0.07100
O8B  -0.20590   0.59280  -0.11500   0.42000   0.04800
O9   0.22780   0.11530  -0.35260   0.85000   0.00800
O10  -0.04890   0.38950   0.01600   1.00000   0.01400
O11  -0.22550   0.39070  -0.12890   1.00000   0.01000
O12   0.05600   0.11050  -0.02140   1.00000   0.01200
O13   0.00000   0.10310  -0.25000   1.00000   0.00600
O14  -0.15870   0.38870   0.09340   1.00000   0.01400
O15   0.16950   0.10910  -0.09560   1.00000   0.01100
O16   0.22210   0.11260   0.14040   1.00000   0.01800
O17  -0.11720   0.38970  -0.21190   1.00000   0.01500
O18   0.00000   0.38530   0.25000   1.00000   0.01300
O19   0.10770   0.10340  -0.32680   1.00000   0.01200
O20   0.00000   0.62020   0.25000   1.00000   0.01500
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Pb1 0.01270 0.01140 0.01220 0.00300 0.00040 -0.00070
Pb2 0.01160 0.00660 0.00970 -0.00080 0.00158 -0.00050
Pb3 0.01260 0.01030 0.01170 -0.00270 -0.00020 0.00100
Pb4 0.01570 0.00760 0.01210 0.00370 0.00320 -0.00090
Pb5 0.01580 0.01040 0.01060 -0.00360 -0.00100 0.00160
Pb6 0.00990 0.00570 0.01110 -0.00010 0.00000 0.00080
Pb7 0.01250 0.01150 0.01250 -0.00150 0.00160 -0.00480
Pb8 0.01310 0.00620 0.01540 -0.00080 0.00140 -0.00330
Pb9 0.01360 0.00760 0.01750 0.00170 0.00350 0.00460
Pb10 0.01330 0.00910 0.01710 -0.00080 0.00250 0.00600
Pb11 0.01700 0.01660 0.01490 0.00280 0.00340 -0.00630
Pb12 0.01530 0.00690 0.01140 -0.00160 0.00160 0.00200
Pb13 0.01330 0.00970 0.01250 0.00190 0.00300 0.00350
Pb14 0.01700 0.01150 0.01260 0.00610 0.00120 -0.00140
Pb15 0.01370 0.00920 0.02050 0.00250 0.00360 0.00690
Pb16 0.01420 0.01170 0.01460 0.00260 0.00560 0.00410
SiT 0.01110 0.01720 0.01040 -0.00160 0.00240 0.00150
AsT 0.01110 0.01720 0.01040 -0.00160 0.00240 0.00150
VT 0.01110 0.01720 0.01040 -0.00160 0.00240 0.00150
MoT 0.01110 0.01720 0.01040 -0.00160 0.00240 0.00150
As1 0.01790 0.01330 0.02250 0.00040 0.00760 0.00100
Cl1 0.02200 0.02400 0.01700 0.00400 0.00700 0.00300
Cl2 0.01600 0.02700 0.01600 0.00100 0.00050 -0.00200
Cl3 0.01900 0.02800 0.01800 -0.00200 0.00470 -0.00650
Cl4 0.02100 0.01710 0.01700 0.00100 -0.00020 0.00320
Cl5 0.01800 0.02700 0.01500 0.00100 0.00440 0.00060

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.901 Å	(21)
3.516 Å	(23)
2.982 Å	(100)
2.837 Å	(47)
1.986 Å	(24)
1.758 Å	(14)
1.641 Å	(24)
1.598 Å	(12)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates]
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals]

Type Occurrence of HereroiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Intergrown glassy orange grains. The individual grains are generally <1 mm in size and they form aggregates up to ~3 mm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Natural History Museum in London,catalogue number BM2010,101.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Hydrothermal deposit that has undergone oxidation.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Sahlinite	Quartz	Kombatite	Damaraite	Copper
Barysilite	Asisite

Reference:

Turner, R., Siidra, O.I., Rumsey, M.S., Krivovichev, S.V., Stanley, C.J., and Spratt, J. (2012) Hereroite and Vladkrivovichevite: two novel lead oxychlorides from the Kombat mine, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine: 76: 883-890.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/MM76_883.pdf

Synonyms of HereroiteHide

IMA2011-027

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

2 photos of Hereroite associated with Vladkrivovichevite	[Pb₃₂O₁₈][Pb₄Mn₂O]Cl₁₄(BO₃)₈ · 2H₂O
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Asisite	Pb₇SiO₉Cl₂
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Kombatite	Pb₁₄(VO₄)₂O₉Cl₄
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Sahlinite	Pb₁₄(AsO₄)₂O₉Cl₄
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Barysilite	Pb₈Mn²⁺[Si₂O₇]₃
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Jacobsite	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

8.BO.	Ariegilatite	BaCa₁₂(SiO₄)₄(PO₄)₂F₂O	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
8.BO.	Aravaite	Ba₂Ca₁₈(SiO₄)₆(PO₄)₃(CO₃)F₃O	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
8.BO.	Theuerdankite	Ag₃AsO₄	Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
8.BO.05	Nacaphite	Na₂Ca(PO₄)F	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.BO.10	Preisingerite	Bi₃(AsO₄)₂O(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
8.BO.10	Petitjeanite	Bi₃(PO₄)₂O(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
8.BO.10	Schumacherite	Bi₃(VO₄)₂O(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
8.BO.15	Atelestite	Bi₂(AsO₄)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.BO.15	Hechtsbergite	Bi₂(VO₄)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.BO.15	Smrkovecite	Bi₂(PO₄)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.BO.20	Kombatite	Pb₁₄(VO₄)₂O₉Cl₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BO.20	Sahlinite	Pb₁₄(AsO₄)₂O₉Cl₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BO.25	Heneuite	CaMg₅(CO₃)(PO₄)₃(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
8.BO.30	Nefedovite	Na₅Ca₄(PO₄)₄F	Tric.
8.BO.35	Kuznetsovite	[Hg₂]²⁺Hg²⁺[AsO₄]Cl	Iso. 2 3 : P2₁ 3
8.BO.40	Artsmithite	[Hg₂]²⁺₂Al(PO₄)_1.74(OH)_1.78	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BO.45	Schlegelite	Bi₇(AsO₄)₃(MoO₄)₂O₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
8.BO.50	Erikjonssonite	(Pb₃₂O₂₁)[(V,Si,Mo,As)O₄]₄Cl₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BO.55	Rudabányaite	(Ag₂Hg₂)(AsO₄)Cl	Iso. 4 3m : F4 3c
8.BO.60	Segerstromite	Ca₃(As⁵⁺O₄)₂[As³⁺(OH)₃]₂	Iso. 2 3 : I2₁ 3
8.BO.65	Wiklundite	Pb₂(Mn²⁺,Zn)₃(Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₂(Mn²⁺,Mg)₁₉(As³⁺O₃)₂[(Si,As⁵⁺)O₄]₆(OH)₁₈Cl₆	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for HereroiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-42825.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for HereroiteHide

Reference List:

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011, CNMNC Newsletter No. 10. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (5) 2549-2561 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.5.2549

Siidra, O. I., Krivovichev, S. V., Turner, R. W., Rumsey, M. S., Spratt, J. (2013) Crystal chemistry of layered Pb oxychloride minerals with PbO-related structures: Part I. Crystal structure of hereroite, [Pb₃₂O₂₀(O,◻)](AsO₄)₂[(Si,As,V,Mo)O₄]₂Cl₁₀. American Mineralogist, 98 (1) 248-255 doi:10.2138/am.2013.4241

Cámara, Fernando, Gagné, Olivier C., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Uvarova, Yulia (2015) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 100 (5) 1319-1332 doi:10.2138/am-2015-nmn1005-616

(2023) Hereroite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for HereroiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Namibia (TL)

Otjozondjupa Region

Otavi Constituency

Kombat

ⓘ Kombat Mine (TL)

Williams et al. (2011) +1 other reference

Hereroite

About HereroiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of HereroiteHide

Classification of HereroiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of HereroiteHide

Optical Data of HereroiteHide

Chemistry of HereroiteHide

Crystallography of HereroiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of HereroiteHide

Synonyms of HereroiteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for HereroiteHide

References for HereroiteHide

Localities for HereroiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide