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Twinnite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Twinnite (3)

Search Photos of Twinnite

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Twinnite

Jas Roux, La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Twinnite

Jas Roux, La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Twinnite

Jas Roux, La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Twinnite

Jas Roux, La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Twinnite

Jas Roux, La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Twinnite

Jas Roux, La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Twinnite

Jas Roux, La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Twinnite

Jas Roux, La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

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About TwinniteHide

Robert M. Thompson

Formula:

Pb_0.8Tl_0.1Sb_1.3As_0.8S₄

Simplified Pb(Sb,As)₂S₄.

Colour:

Black

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

3½

Specific Gravity:

5.323 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Sartorite Group

Name:

Named by John L. Jambor in 1967 in honor of Robert Mitchell Thompson (28 July 1918, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada - 15 April 1967), professor of mineralogy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. He had a special interest in ore minerals and deposits. Thompson means "son of Thomas"; the latter is Aramaic for "a twin". The name is doubly appropriate in alluding to the polysynthetic twinning present in the mineral.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Taylor Pit, Huntingdon Township, Centre Hastings Municipality, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada

Sartorite Group.

Related to guettardite (Sb:As = 1:1) and hyršlite (Sb:As = 6:10).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

4067

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4067:5

GUID
(UUID V4):

462a0cd5-125a-40d9-b22d-2a37cc61393e

IMA Classification of TwinniteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Pb(Sb_0.63As_0.37)₂S₄

Approval year:

1966

First published:

1967

Type description reference:

Jambor, John Leslie (1967) New lead sulfantimonides from Madoc, Ontario. Part 2 - mineral descriptions. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (2) 191-213

Classification of TwinniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

2.HC.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb

Dana 8th ed.:

3.7.8.3

3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2

Hey's CIM Ref.:

5.6.19

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Twi	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of TwinniteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Black

Streak:

Brownish black

Hardness:

3½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₅₀=131 - 152 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
{001}

Density:

5.323 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of TwinniteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
400nm	39.1%	45.2%
420nm	38.2%	44.7%
440nm	37.3%	44.2%
460nm	36.6%	43.7%
480nm	36.2%	43.2%
500nm	35.8%	42.9%
520nm	35.5%	42.5%
540nm	35.0%	42.0%
560nm	34.4%	41.4%
580nm	34.0%	40.8%
600nm	33.5%	40.0%
620nm	33.2%	39.4%
640nm	32.8%	38.7%
660nm	32.3%	38.1%
680nm	31.7%	37.5%
700nm	31.0%	37.0%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 45.2%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

white

Pleochroism:

Strong

Comments:

displays twin lamellae

Chemistry of TwinniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb_0.8Tl_0.1Sb_1.3As_0.8S₄

Simplified Pb(Sb,As)₂S₄.

Elements listed:

As, Pb, S, Sb, Tl - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of TwinniteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 7.997(2) Å, b = 19.517(5) Å, c = 8.634(2) Å
β = 91.061(4)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.41 : 1 : 0.442

Unit Cell V:

1,347.34 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Twinning:

Polysynthetic, with composition plane parallel to {100}.

Comment:

Space group P21/n. Originally assumed to be triclinic, with the cell parameters 19.58, 7.98, 8.56 A, 89.77, 89.62 and 90.27°.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0019818	Twinnite	Makovicky E, Topa D (2012) Twinnite, Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4, the OD character and the question of its polytypism Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 227 468-475		2012	Jas Roux, France	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Twinnite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Makovicky E'
'Topa D'
_journal_name_full 'Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie'
_journal_volume 227 
_journal_year 2012
_journal_page_first 468
_journal_page_last 475
_publ_section_title
;
 Twinnite, Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4, the OD character and the question of its polytypism
;
_database_code_amcsd 0019818
_chemical_compound_source 'Jas Roux, France'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb.98 Sb1.275 As.745 S4'
_cell_length_a 7.997
_cell_length_b 19.517
_cell_length_c 8.634
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 91.061
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1347.342
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      5.348
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/n 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
PbMe1   0.08755   0.80109   0.89603   0.98000   0.04640
SbMe1   0.08755   0.80109   0.89603   0.02000   0.04640
PbMe2   0.57952   0.70454   0.88681   0.98000   0.05550
SbMe2   0.57952   0.70454   0.88681   0.02000   0.05550
SbMe3   0.80549   0.97285   0.40298   1.00000   0.02430
SbMe4   0.51555   0.88957   0.11032   1.00000   0.02490
AsMe5   0.15780   0.99710   0.14200   0.87000   0.02640
SbMe5   0.15780   0.99710   0.14200   0.13000   0.02640
AsMe6   0.47930   0.87182   0.64280   0.62000   0.02610
SbMe6   0.47930   0.87182   0.64280   0.38000   0.02610
S1   0.49880   0.57730   0.10000   1.00000   0.02070
S2   0.66750   0.84940   0.84830   1.00000   0.02090
S3   0.65610   1.03680   0.67280   1.00000   0.03500
S4   0.45840   0.58950   0.67610   1.00000   0.02170
S5   0.29880   0.94390   0.93630   1.00000   0.02340
S6   0.35580   0.78320   0.13390   1.00000   0.02740
S7   0.14970   0.65970   0.93580   1.00000   0.03010
S8   0.33240   0.76650   0.65310   1.00000   0.02830
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
PbMe1 0.05490 0.03720 0.04770 0.00310 0.01420 0.00490
SbMe1 0.05490 0.03720 0.04770 0.00310 0.01420 0.00490
PbMe2 0.07740 0.03920 0.04870 -0.02140 -0.03320 0.01530
SbMe2 0.07740 0.03920 0.04870 -0.02140 -0.03320 0.01530
SbMe3 0.02120 0.02650 0.02490 0.00170 -0.00470 -0.00020
SbMe4 0.02180 0.02010 0.03250 -0.00100 -0.00520 0.00090
AsMe5 0.02410 0.03620 0.01900 0.00130 -0.00010 0.00720
SbMe5 0.02410 0.03620 0.01900 0.00130 -0.00010 0.00720
AsMe6 0.02720 0.02590 0.02500 0.00080 -0.00400 -0.00240
SbMe6 0.02720 0.02590 0.02500 0.00080 -0.00400 -0.00240
S1 0.01400 0.02700 0.02000 0.00200 -0.00600 0.00200
S2 0.02000 0.02500 0.01700 -0.00100 -0.00100 0.00100
S3 0.02600 0.05600 0.02300 0.01000 0.00000 0.00300
S4 0.02200 0.02800 0.01500 -0.00100 0.00200 -0.00100
S5 0.01700 0.03400 0.02000 0.00500 -0.00100 -0.00100
S6 0.02900 0.01200 0.04100 -0.00400 -0.00700 0.00000
S7 0.03900 0.02200 0.02900 -0.00300 -0.01200 -0.00300
S8 0.02400 0.02800 0.03300 -0.00300 -0.00700 0.00400

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.51 Å	(100)
2.344 Å	(80)
2.78 Å	(70)
4.18 Å	(50)
3.91 Å	(50)
2.689 Å	(50)
2.645 Å	(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of TwinniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Taylor Pit, Huntingdon Township, Centre Hastings Municipality, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada

General Appearance of Type Material:

Two megascopic grains, the larger about 1.5 mm in diameter, and four microscopic grains.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, Canada, 12175.
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada.

Reference:

Jambor, J.L. (1967) New lead sulfantimonides from Madoc, Ontario. 2. Mineral descriptions. The Canadian Mineralogist: 9: 191-213.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/CM9_191.pdf

Synonyms of TwinniteHide

IMA1966-017

Other Language Names for TwinniteHide

German:Twinnit

Simplified Chinese:特硫锑铅矿

Spanish:Twinnita

Traditional Chinese:特硫銻鉛礦

Relationship of Twinnite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Sartorite Group

Other Members of this group:

Argentobaumhauerite	Ag_1.5Pb₂₂As_33.5S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
Argentodufrénoysite	Ag₃Pb₂₆As₃₅S₈₀	Tric. 1 : P1
Argentoliveingite	Ag_3+xPb_36-2xAs_51+xS₁₁₂	Tric. 1 : P1
Barikaite	Ag₃Pb₁₀(Sb₈As₁₁)S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Baumhauerite	Pb₁₂As₁₆S₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
Bernarlottiite	Pb₆(As₅Sb₃)S₁₈	Tric. 1 : P1
Boscardinite	TlPb₄(Sb₇As₂)S₁₈	Tric. 1 : P1
Carducciite	(Ag₂Sb₂)Pb₁₂(As,Sb)₁₆S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Dekatriasartorite	TlPb₅₈As₉₇S₂₀₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Écrinsite	AgTl₃Pb₄As₁₁Sb₉S₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
Enneasartorite	Tl₆Pb₃₂As₇₀S₁₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Guettardite	Pb₈(Sb_0.56As_0.44)₁₆S₃₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Hendekasartorite	Tl₂Pb₄₈As₈₂S₁₇₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Heptasartorite	Tl₇Pb₂₂As₅₅S₁₀₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Hyršlite	Pb₈As₁₀Sb₆S₃₂	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Incomsartorite	Tl₆Pb₁₄₄As₂₄₆S₅₁₆	Mon. 2/m
Interliveingite	AgPb₁₈As₂₅S₅₆	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Liveingite	Pb₉As₁₃S₂₈	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Parapierrotite	TlSb₅S₈	Mon. m
Philrothite	TlAs₃S₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Pierrotite	Tl₂(Sb,As)₁₀S₁₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
Polloneite	AgPb₄₆As₂₆Sb₂₃S₁₂₀	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Rathite	Ag₂Pb_12-xTl_x/2As_18+x/2S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Sartorite	PbAs₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Veenite	Pb₁₆Sb_9-xAs_7+xS₄₀, x ~ 0-0.5	Mon. 2 : P2₁

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Twinnite associated with Wakabayashilite	[(As,Sb)₆S₉][As₄S₅]
1 photo of Twinnite associated with Orpiment	As₂S₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.HC.	Bernarlottiite	Pb₆(As₅Sb₃)S₁₈	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05b	Argentobaumhauerite	Ag_1.5Pb₂₂As_33.5S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05b	Baumhauerite	Pb₁₂As₁₆S₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05d	Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HC.05a	Guettardite	Pb₈(Sb_0.56As_0.44)₁₆S₃₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.05c	Liveingite	Pb₉As₁₃S₂₈	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HC.05f	Parapierrotite	TlSb₅S₈	Mon. m
2.HC.05f	Pierrotite	Tl₂(Sb,As)₁₀S₁₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.HC.05d	Rathite	Ag₂Pb_12-xTl_x/2As_18+x/2S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.05a	Sartorite	PbAs₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HC.05d	Veenite	Pb₁₆Sb_9-xAs_7+xS₄₀, x ~ 0-0.5	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HC.05g	Marumoite	Pb₃₂As₄₀S₉₂	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HC.05d	Rathite-IV	PbAs₂S₄
2.HC.05f	Philrothite	TlAs₃S₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.05h	Polloneite	AgPb₄₆As₂₆Sb₂₃S₁₂₀	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HC.05e	Heptasartorite	Tl₇Pb₂₂As₅₅S₁₀₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.05e	Hendekasartorite	Tl₂Pb₄₈As₈₂S₁₇₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.05e	Écrinsite	AgTl₃Pb₄As₁₁Sb₉S₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05b	Baumhauerite II
2.HC.05c	Argentoliveingite	Ag_3+xPb_36-2xAs_51+xS₁₁₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05e	Incomsartorite	Tl₆Pb₁₄₄As₂₄₆S₅₁₆	Mon. 2/m
2.HC.05d	Argentodufrénoysite	Ag₃Pb₂₆As₃₅S₈₀	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05a	Hyršlite	Pb₈As₁₀Sb₆S₃₂	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HC.05e	Dekatriasartorite	TlPb₅₈As₉₇S₂₀₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.10a	Fülöppite	Pb₃Sb₈S₁₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10c	Heteromorphite	Pb₇Sb₈S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10b	Plagionite	Pb₅Sb₈S₁₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10d	Rayite	Pb₈(Ag,Tl)₂Sb₈S₂₁	Mon.
2.HC.10d	Semseyite	Pb₉Sb₈S₂₁	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.15	Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.15	Falkmanite	Pb₃Sb₂S₆	Mon.
2.HC.20	Robinsonite	Pb₄Sb₆S₁₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.HC.25	Moëloite	Pb₆Sb₆S₁₄(S₃)	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2
2.HC.30	Dadsonite	Pb₂₃Sb₂₅S₆₀Cl	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.35	Owyheeite	Ag₃Pb₁₀Sb₁₁S₂₈	Mon. 2/m
2.HC.35	Zoubekite	AgPb₄Sb₄S₁₀	Orth.
2.HC.40	Parasterryite	Ag₄Pb₂₀Sb₁₄As₁₀S₅₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.HC.50	Lopatkaite	Pb₅Sb₃AsS₁₁	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b

Other InformationHide

Notes:

KOH rapidly tarnishes twinnite iridescent and leaves a characteristic flat brownish grey colour when the reagent is rubbed off. 1:1 HNO3, rapidly tarnishes the mineral black. Other reagents test negative.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for TwinniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-4067.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Look for Twinnite in the Rock H. Currier Digital Library

External Links:

Look for Twinnite on Webmineral

Look for Twinnite on Wikipedia

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for TwinniteHide

Reference List:

Jambor, John Leslie (1967) New lead sulfantimonides from Madoc, Ontario. Part 1. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (1) 7-24

Jambor, John Leslie (1967) New lead sulfantimonides from Madoc, Ontario. Part 2 - mineral descriptions. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (2) 191-213

Jambor, John Leslie (1968) New lead sulfantimonides from Madoc, Ontario. Part 3-syntheses, paragenesis, origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (4) 505-521

Mandarino, J.A., Kato, A. (1968) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 53: 1421-1427.

Jambor, John L., Laflamme, J. H. G., Walker, D. A. (1982) A Re-examination of the Madoc [Ontario] Sulfosalts. The Mineralogical Record, 13 (2) 93-100

Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie (1982): 105: 3-10.

Topa, Dan, Makovicky, Emil (2012) Twinnite, Pb_0.8Tl_0.1Sb_1.3As_0.8S₄, the OD character and the question of its polytypism. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 227 (7) 468-475 doi:10.1524/zkri.2012.1491

Makovicky, E., Topa, D., Tajjedin, H., Rastad, E., Yaghubpur, A. (2012) The crystal structure of guettardite, PbAsSbS₄, and the twinnite-guettardite problem. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (2) 253-265 doi:10.3749/canmin.50.2.253

(2023) Twinnite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for TwinniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Armenia
Syunik Province Sisian ⓘ Mardzhan deposit	Kukulyan (1987)

Australia
Western Australia Laverton Shire Mount Weld Station ⓘ Sunrise Dam Gold Mine (Sunrise pit; Cleo pit)	Brown et al. (2003)

Bolivia
Oruro Cercado Province Oruro ⓘ San José Mine	Sidki Rius (2017)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska Srebrenica ⓘ Čumavići deposit	Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2016)

Canada
British Columbia Omineca Mining Division ⓘ Stardust deposit	BC Minfile data +1 other reference
Ontario Hastings County Centre Hastings Municipality Huntingdon Township ⓘ Taylor Pit (TL)	Jambor (1967) +3 other references
Thunder Bay District Bomby Township ⓘ Hemlo gold deposit	Harris et al. (1988) +1 other reference
ⓘ David Bell Mine	Sabina (1991)
Québec Mauricie Mékinac RCM ⓘ Montauban deposit	Mineral. Deposita 42 (2007)

Chile
Atacama Chañaral Province Potrerillos ⓘ Jerónimo Mine ?	Thompson et al. (2004)

China
Gansu Gannan Hezuo Co. Dewulu Au-Cu ore field ⓘ Laodoucun Au deposit	Guo et al. (2023)
Guangxi Hechi Jinchengjiang District Beixiang - Furongchang ore field ⓘ Sanpaidong Pb-Zn-Sb deposit	Jing et al. (2018)

France
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Hautes-Alpes Gap La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar ⓘ Jas Roux	Johan et al. (2000) +1 other reference

India
Rajasthan Udaipur Division Udaipur District ⓘ Rajpura-Dariba deposit	Chaudhuri et al. (1980) +1 other reference

Iran
West Azerbaijan Province Sardasht County Sardasht ⓘ Barika ore deposit	Yar Mohammadi et al. (2008)
Takab County ⓘ Agh-Darreh Mine (Agdarreh Mine)	Daliran (2008)
ⓘ Zareh Shuran Mine	Asadi +3 other references

Italy
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Ceresole Reale ⓘ Chiapili di sotto	Maletto et al. (2013)

Kyrgyzstan
Batken Region Kadamjay District ⓘ Chauvai (Chauvay) Sb-Hg Deposit	Kolesar et al. (1993)
ⓘ Khaidarkan Sb-Hg deposit	Kolesar et al. (1993)

Mexico
Mexico Temascaltepec Municipality Temascaltepec de González (Temascaltepec) ⓘ La Guitarra mine (La Guitarra deposit)	Camprubi

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Bardo Dębowina ⓘ Reiche Silber Glück adit	Nejbert et al. (2014)

Romania
Maramureș County Baia Mare ⓘ Herja Mine ?	Cook et al. (1997) +1 other reference

Russia
Sverdlovsk Oblast Serovsky District Turya river Tur'insk ⓘ Vorontsovskoe deposit (Vorontsovsk gold deposit; Vorontsovka deposit)	Kasatkin et al. (2020)

Serbia
ⓘ Boranja orefield	Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Krupanj ⓘ Rujevac Sb-Zn-Pb Deposit	Moelo +8 other references

Spain
Andalusia Almería Pechina Baños de Alhamilla ⓘ Mina Casualidad	Rewitzer et al. (4)

Sweden
Västmanland County Sala Municipality Sala ⓘ Sala Silver Mine	Holmgren (2002)

USA
Nevada Mineral County Gabbs Valley Range Santa Fe District ⓘ Santa Fe Mine (Homestake-Santa Fe mine)	- (2005)

Twinnite

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