1.BA.15

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
B : Metallic Carbides, Silicides, Nitrides, Phosphides and Hydrides
A : Carbides

Dana 7th ed.:

1.1.26.1

Dana 8th ed.:

1.1.17.1

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group

Hey's CIM Ref.:

2.4

2 : Carbides, Nitrides, Silicides and Phosphides

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Tgb	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of TongbaiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Brownish yellow

Streak:

Dark gray

Hardness:

8½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=1885 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Density:

6.64 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of TongbaiteHide

Type:

Biaxial

Anisotropism:

Strong; purplish yellow to yellow-orange.

Bireflectance:

Distinct

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
405nm	46.54%	49.10%
436nm	48.50%	51.28%
480nm	51.14%	53.86%
526nm	53.72%	55.94%
546nm	54.68%	56.89%
578nm	57.07%	57.51%
589nm	57.38%	57.82%
622nm	58.72%	57.68%
644nm	60.33%	59.02%
656nm	61.50%	59.97%
664nm	61.56%	59.97%
700nm	61.35%	59.20%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 61.56%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

Pale violet

Pleochroism:

Visible

Chemical Properties of TongbaiteHide

Formula:

Cr₃C₂

Elements listed:

C, Cr - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of TongbaiteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal

Space Group:

Pnma

Setting:

Pnma

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.57(5) Å, b = 11.47(8) Å, c = 2.816(8) Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.486 : 1 : 0.246

Unit Cell V:

179.91 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

Rotation
Stop | Start

Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow

Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0011913	Tongbaite	Rundqvist S, Runnsjo G (1969) Crystal structure refinement of Cr3C2 Acta Chemica Scandinavica 23 1191-1199		1969	synthetic	0	293
0011914	Tongbaite	Rundqvist S, Runnsjo G (1969) Crystal structure refinement of Cr3C2 Acta Chemica Scandinavica 23 1191-1199		1969	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Tongbaite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Rundqvist S'
'Runnsjo G'
_journal_name_full 'Acta Chemica Scandinavica'
_journal_volume 23 
_journal_year 1969
_journal_page_first 1191
_journal_page_last 1199
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal structure refinement of Cr3C2
 Note: values obtained from intensities recorded photographically
;
_database_code_amcsd 0011913
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Cr3 C2'
_cell_length_a 5.5329
_cell_length_b 2.8290
_cell_length_c 11.4719
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 179.565
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.659
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P n m a'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Cr1   0.01570   0.25000   0.40150   0.00203
Cr2   0.18080   0.25000   0.77370   0.00177
Cr3   0.86910   0.25000   0.93120   0.00152
C1   0.10080   0.25000   0.20550   0.00367
C2   0.24320   0.25000   0.95360   0.00215

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.30 Å	(100)
2.23 Å	(80)
1.193 Å	(70)
1.70 Å	(40)
1.164 Å	(40)
1.94 Å	(30)
1.86 Å	(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of TongbaiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Liu village, Tongbai County, Nanyang, Henan, China

General Appearance of Type Material:

Prismatic, pseudohexagonal crystals, to 0.3 mm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

National Museum for Geology, Beijing, China, M09332 (type).

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Ultramafic rocks

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Tian Peixue, Fang Qingsong, Chen Keqiao, and Peng Zhizhong (1983): A study on tongbaite - A new mineral. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 3(4), 241-245

Synonyms of TongbaiteHide

IMA1982-003

Other Language Names for TongbaiteHide

German:Tongbait

Russian:Тонгбаит

Simplified Chinese:桐柏矿

Spanish:Tongbaita

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

1.BA.05	Cohenite	Fe₃C	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
1.BA.10	Haxonite	(Fe,Ni)₂₃C₆	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.BA.10	Isovite	(Cr,Fe)₂₃C₆	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.BA.20	Khamrabaevite	(Ti,V,Fe)C	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.BA.20	Niobocarbide	(Nb,Ta)C	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.BA.20	Tantalcarbide	TaC	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.BA.25	Qusongite	WC	Hex. 6 m2 : P6m2
1.BA.30	Yarlongite	Cr₄Fe₄NiC₄	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
1.BA.35	Edscottite	Fe₅C₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:

Non-Magnetic

Notes:

Not soluble in HCl, H2SO4 or HNO3. It is weakly attacked by aqua regia.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for TongbaiteHide

Reference List:

Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)

Rundqvist, S., Runnsjö, G. (1969) Crystal structure refinement of Cr3C2. Acta Chemica Scandinavica: 23: 1191-1199.

Peixue, Tian; Qingsong, Fang; Keqiao, Chen; Zhizhong, Peng (1983) A study on tongbaite - a new mineral. Acta Mineralogica Sinica: 3: 241-245. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Dunn, P.J., Chao, G.Y., Fleischer, M., Ferraiolo, J.A., Langley, R.H., Pabst, A., Zilczer, J.A. (1985) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 70, 214-221 (218).

Chen Keqiao, Tian Peixue, Shi Nicheng, and Peng Zhizhong (1983): A study on tongbaite, Cr3C2 - A new mineral. Ziran Zazhi: 6: 478-479.

Dai, Ming-quan; Shi, Ni-cheng; Ma, Zhe-sheng; Xiong, Ming; Bai, Wen-ji; Fang, Qing-song; Yan, Bing-gang; Yang, Jing-sui (2004): Crystal structure determination of tongbaite. Acta Mineralogica Sinica: 24(1): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Internet Links for TongbaiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3994.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Search Engines:

Look for Tongbaite on Google

Look for Tongbaite images on Google

External Links:

Look for Tongbaite on Webmineral

Look for Tongbaite on Wikipedia

Look for Tongbaite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy rare minerals from Excalibur Minerals

Fine Minerals from Weinrich Minerals, Inc.

Blue Gems Australian & International

Buy from David K Joyce minerals

High-end worldwide specimens & outstanding customer service

Buy from McDougall Minerals

The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals

Wilensky Exquisite Minerals

Localities for TongbaiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


China (TL)
Henan Nanyang Tongbai County ⓘ Liu village (TL)	Tian Peixue, Fang Qingsong, Chen Keqiao, and Peng Zhizhong (1983): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 3(4), 241-245.
ⓘ Tibet	http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-130213802.html

Russia
Sverdlovsk Oblast Nizhnyaya Tura ⓘ Is River	Generalov M.E., Naumov V.A., Mokhov A.V., Trubkin N.V. (1998) Isovite (Cr,Fe)23C6 - a new mineral from the gold-platinum -bearing placiers of the Urals, - Zapiski VMO, 127(5), pp. 26-37 (in Russian).

版权所有© mindat.org1993年至2024年，除了规定的地方。 Mindat.org全赖于全球数千个以上成员和支持者们的参与。
隐私政策 - 条款和条款细则 - 联络我们 - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: 2024.4.19 11:24:04 Page updated: 2023.6.26 14:41:05

Go to top of page

Violarite	Pyrrhotite	Pyrite	Platinum	Phlogopite
Pentlandite	Magnetite	Magnesiochromite	Lead	Iron
Ilmenite	Hydrogrossular	Gold	Forsterite	Enstatite
Diopside	Cubanite	Copper	Chromium	Chalcopyrite
Bismutohauchecornite	Awaruite	Apatite	Altaite

Tongbaite

Unique IdentifiersHide

Classification of TongbaiteHide