Powellite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Powellite
Formula:
Ca(MoO4)
Colour:
Yellow, straw-yellow, yellow-brown, brown, greenish yellow, grey, blue or black, colourless; black material is deep blue in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous, Pearly
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
4.26
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1891 by William Harlow Melville in honor of the American geologist and explorer, John Wesley Powell [March 24, 1834 Mount Morris, New York, USA – September 23, 1902 North Haven, Maine, USA], second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Isostructural with:
Powellite-Scheelite Series.
An uncommon secondary mineral, typically formed in the oxidation zones of molybdenum-bearing hydrothermal deposits, rarely in basalt cavities, tactites, and granite pegmatites.
An uncommon secondary mineral, typically formed in the oxidation zones of molybdenum-bearing hydrothermal deposits, rarely in basalt cavities, tactites, and granite pegmatites.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Powellite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3275
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3275:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
cfed7837-4c5b-4c6a-83de-28e80d1d4332
IMA Classification of Powellite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1891
Classification of Powellite
7.GA.05
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
G : Molybdates, Wolframates and Niobates
A : Without additional anions or H2O
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
G : Molybdates, Wolframates and Niobates
A : Without additional anions or H2O
Dana 7th ed.:
48.1.2.2
48.1.2.2
48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : AXO4
48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : AXO4
27.3.2
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
3 : Molybdates
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
3 : Molybdates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Pwl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Powellite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Powellite
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Lustre sub-adamantine on crystal faces; greasy on fracture surfaces. Pearly lustre manifests on foliated pseudmorphous material.
Colour:
Yellow, straw-yellow, yellow-brown, brown, greenish yellow, grey, blue or black, colourless; black material is deep blue in transmitted light.
Comment:
May exhibit zoned colouration.
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Indistinct on {112} {011} and {001}.
Indistinct on {112} {011} and {001}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.26 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.255 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Powellite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.974 nε = 1.984
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
In deeply colored specimens (Houghton County, Michigan, USA):
O = Blue
E = Green
O = Blue
E = Green
Chemistry of Powellite
Mindat Formula:
Ca(MoO4)
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
W
Crystallography of Powellite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.222(1) Å, c = 11.425(3) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.188
Unit Cell V:
312.92 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals dipyramidal {111}, with {011} and {112}; less commonly flat tabular to paper-thin on {001}, exhibiting many minor forms. Form e sometimes striated parallel to the intersection with vertical plane {110}; diagonal striations parallel to {131} observed on e and W. Tetragonal-dipyramidal symmetry evident only in the zones of [111]. Forms crusts; powdery; ocherous; massive.
Comment:
On synthetic material
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0013207 | Powellite | Hazen R M, Finger L W, Mariathasan J W E (1985) High-pressure crystal chemistry of scheelite-type tungstates and molybdates Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 46 253-263 | 1985 | 0 | 293 | ||
0013208 | Powellite | Hazen R M, Finger L W, Mariathasan J W E (1985) High-pressure crystal chemistry of scheelite-type tungstates and molybdates Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 46 253-263 | 1985 | 1.3 | 293 | ||
0013209 | Powellite | Hazen R M, Finger L W, Mariathasan J W E (1985) High-pressure crystal chemistry of scheelite-type tungstates and molybdates Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 46 253-263 | 1985 | 2.49 | 293 | ||
0013210 | Powellite | Hazen R M, Finger L W, Mariathasan J W E (1985) High-pressure crystal chemistry of scheelite-type tungstates and molybdates Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 46 253-263 | 1985 | 3.65 | 293 | ||
0013211 | Powellite | Hazen R M, Finger L W, Mariathasan J W E (1985) High-pressure crystal chemistry of scheelite-type tungstates and molybdates Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 46 253-263 | 1985 | 4.19 | 293 | ||
0013212 | Powellite | Hazen R M, Finger L W, Mariathasan J W E (1985) High-pressure crystal chemistry of scheelite-type tungstates and molybdates Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 46 253-263 | 1985 | 5.1 | 293 | ||
0013213 | Powellite | Hazen R M, Finger L W, Mariathasan J W E (1985) High-pressure crystal chemistry of scheelite-type tungstates and molybdates Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 46 253-263 | 1985 | 5.71 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.10 Å | (100) |
1.929 Å | (30) |
4.76 Å | (25) |
1.588 Å | (20) |
2.61 Å | (16) |
2.86 Å | (14) |
1.848 Å | (14) |
Comments:
Synthetic
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Geological Setting:
Oxidation zone of hydrothermal deposits
Type Occurrence of Powellite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Well formed pyramidal crystals up to 2.5 mm in length, very similar in appearance to scheelite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA: #80674.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Chimneys of ore along a contact between limestone and granite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Melville, W.H. (1891) Powellite - calcium molybdate: A new mineral species. American Journal of Science: 141: 138-141.
Other Language Names for Powellite
Relationship of Powellite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Ronpetersonite | BaWO4 | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
Scheelite | Ca(WO4) | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
Stolzite | Pb(WO4) | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
89 photos of Powellite associated with Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
85 photos of Powellite associated with Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
79 photos of Powellite associated with Szenicsite | Cu3(MoO4)(OH)4 |
57 photos of Powellite associated with Molybdenite | MoS2 |
57 photos of Powellite associated with Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
57 photos of Powellite associated with Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
37 photos of Powellite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
24 photos of Powellite associated with Apophyllite Group | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
21 photos of Powellite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
18 photos of Powellite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.GA.05 | Fergusonite-(Ce) | CeNbO4 · 0.3H2O |
7.GA.05 | Fergusonite-(Nd) | NdNbO4 |
7.GA.05 | Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
7.GA.05 | Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
7.GA.05 | Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
7.GA.05 | Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
7.GA.05 | Suseinargiuite | NaBi(MoO4)2 |
7.GA.05 | Ronpetersonite | BaWO4 |
7.GA.10 | Formanite-(Y) | YTaO4 |
7.GA.10 | Iwashiroite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb)O4 |
7.GA.15 | Paraniite-(Y) | Ca2Y(AsO4)(WO4)2 |
7.GA.20 | Takanawaite-(Y) | YTaO4 |
Fluorescence of Powellite
Creamy white or yellow to golden yellow (SW UV).
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Fuses at about 5 to a gray mass.
Notes:
May replace molybdenite leaving a material with a foliated structure appearance. Alters to Ferrimolybdite.
Decomposed by HCl and HNO3.
Decomposed by HCl and HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Powellite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3275.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Powellite
Localities for Powellite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Porto et al. (1985) |
Australia | |
| Brown et al. (2001) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Rankin et al. (2002) |
| Sharpe et al. (2004) |
| Vickery et al. (2010) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Dieter Mylius collection |
| Stevens (1972) |
| Huckitta 1996 |
Zia U. Bajwah | |
Zia U. Bajwah | |
Ivanac et al. (1972) | |
Huckitta 1996 | |
Zia U. Bajwah | |
Huckitta 1996 | |
Huckitta 1996 | |
Huckitta 1996 | |
Huckitta 1996 | |
| Con Constantinides collection |
| Con Constantinides collection |
| Birch et al. (1998) |
Ball (1915) | |
| Wheeler (2017) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Burchard (1977) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Stuart Mills |
| Pegmatites of Western Australia +2 other references |
| Pegmatites of Western Australia +2 other references |
| Baxter (1978) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Abeysinghe et al. (1997) |
Austria | |
| Walter et al. (2016) |
| Steiner&Melcher (2020) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
Brazil | |
| Souza Neto et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Souza Neto et al. (2008) | |
Bulgaria | |
| Marcus Voigt Collection |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Soregaroli (1968) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Selby et al. (2000) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Econ Geol (1992) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| MINFILE No 082FSW010 |
| Richard Gunter specimen |
| www.ontariominerals.com (2001) |
| Thomson R. (1968) |
| Reiner Mielke |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Horváth et al. (2019) |
| GSC Miscellaneous Report 41 - Sabina |
Chile | |
| R O Meyer collection |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
Francis et al. (1994) | |
| A.Molina & M. Dini collections |
| Collection Elmar Lackner |
Maurizio Dini collection | |
| Jason B. Smith collection |
American Mineralogist | |
| Jewel Tunnel Imports (Baldwin Park, CA) |
China | |
| Zhizu He and Qinwei Dong (2012) |
| Boling Pan et al. (1989) |
| Mingzheng Zhuang (1983) |
| Jichang Weng et al. (2010) |
Liu et al. (2022) | |
| Jian et al. (2022) |
| Liu et al. (2022) |
| Wanrong Hou et al. (2010) |
| Fengjun Nie et al. (2012) |
| Fengjun Nie et al. (2012) |
| Xiulan Nie and Wanrong Hou (2010) |
| Chengfa Wang (1984) |
| Slattery (2019) |
| Weiji Zhang (1982) |
| Chengdian Pen (1986) |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) |
| Ulmanová et al. (2019) |
| Čermák F.: Powellit z Černé Vody (žulovský masiv) |
| Sejkora (1998) |
Ecuador | |
| Alejandro Felix Gutierrez |
Egypt | |
| Klemm R. (2013) |
Finland | |
| Hytönen (1999) |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ... +1 other reference |
France | |
| Goujou et al. (2000) |
| R. Pierrot |
Germany | |
| 70. +1 other reference |
| Aufschluss 1972 (10) |
Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Lapis 1980 (7/8) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Lapis (5) +1 other reference |
| T. Witzke & T. Giesler (2001) |
T. Witzke & T. Giesler (2001) | |
Greece | |
| Christian Bracke Collection. |
India | |
| |
| P Haas collection |
| |
Ottens (2011) | |
Richard Dale Collection | |
| Ottens et al. (2019) |
| Claeys (2009) |
| Ottens et al. (2019) |
Kothavala (1982) | |
Kothavala (1982) | |
Kothavala (1982) | |
Claeys (2009) | |
| P Bongaerts collection |
I don't know any literature reference | |
Iran | |
| Ali Sholeh et al. (2016) |
Italy | |
| Stefan Örtel |
| Cerea et al. (2019) |
| |
| Bedogné et al. (1995) |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Preite et al. (1997) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Orlandi et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Gamboni et al. (2011) |
| Gamboni et al. (1997) |
| Published on LIBVRNA N°1 may 2021. Analysed by Spectralab srl (SEM/EDS and Raman) |
Ivory Coast | |
| Ouattara et al. (2021) |
Japan | |
| Africano et al. (2000) |
Bernard (1985) +1 other reference | |
| Nishio-Hamane et al. (2013) |
| Yamada (2004) |
Jordan | |
| Fleurance et al. (2013) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Dana 7:II:1080. |
| Evseev (1995) +1 other reference |
| World of Stones |
| Chen Xuanhua et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Yegorov et al. (1970) |
| Pekov (1998) |
Mexico | |
| three genetic models. Economic Geology: 86 (2) +1 other reference |
Econ Geol (1991) | |
| Querol +1 other reference |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Lapis 2001 (1) |
| Panczner (1987) |
Pancnzer (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ... |
Megaw (2023) | |
Megaw (2023) | |
Middle East | |
Vapnik et al. (2014) | |
Mongolia | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Morocco | |
| N. Meisser (2006) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
Favreau et al. (2006) | |
Favreau et al. (2006) | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau et al. (2007) |
Favreau et al. (2006) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Namibia | |
| Rick Turner |
| Jahn et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Gebhard (1999) |
Nicaragua | |
| www.mineralmundi.com |
Niger | |
| Bohari et al. (2022) |
Norway | |
| Burvald (1983) |
| Furuhaug et al. (1977) |
| Andresen (1990) |
| Raade (1966) |
Raade (1966) | |
| Larsen et al. (2010) |
Larsen et al. (2005) | |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Knut Eldjarn Collection |
| Hasan (1971) |
Hasan (1971) | |
Hasan (1971) | |
| Viola et al. (2008) |
| Nordrum (2001) |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Mikulski (2013) |
Russia | |
| Potseluev et al. (2006) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2022) |
| webmineral.ru (2016) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| |
| Pekov et al. (2022) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Kalinin (2021) |
Kalinin (2021) | |
Kalinin (2021) | |
| Perevoznikova et al. (2022) |
| Перевозникова et al. (СИХОТЭ-АЛИНЬ) |
| Africano et al. (2003) +2 other references |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Palache et al. (1951) | |
Serbia | |
Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) | |
Radosavljević-Mihajlović et al. (2017) | |
| Pačevski et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
Somaliland | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Rozendaa et al. (2012) |
Spain | |
| Rewitzer et al. (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
| |
Joan Rosell-Riba (2023) | |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) |
| Bareche (2005) |
| Alfonso et al. (2012) |
Sweden | |
| Sundberg +1 other reference |
| rruff.geo.arizona.edu (2006) |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:242. |
| Justin Bank Collection |
| |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Roth et al. (2013) | |
| Weiß (1982) +1 other reference |
| Cuchet et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (2005) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
Tanzania | |
| Bill Larsen |
Turkey | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
UK | |
| Stanley et al. (1991) |
| Hartley (1984) +2 other references |
| Starkey (1995) +1 other reference |
| Battey et al. (1962) +1 other reference |
| Mational Museum of Wales database |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| Mulligan +1 other reference |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
- (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
- (2008) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10046190 |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Cooper (1964) +1 other reference |
Keith (1973) | |
MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039384 | |
Cooper & Silver (1964) +1 other reference | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Mr. Roy Parsons |
| - (2005) |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Confirmed by Raman spectorscopy at the ... |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Dale (1959) +1 other reference |
Jahns (1952) +1 other reference | |
| MRDS file #10048180. |
MRDS file #10027315. | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
Onac +2 other references | |
| MRDS file #10037090. |
| Wenrich (1988) +1 other reference |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039530 |
| Wilson (1941) +3 other references |
| Keith (1974) +1 other reference |
| Galbraith (1959) +2 other references |
| Wilson (1941) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039411 |
| Schrader & Hill (1910) +3 other references |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10103745 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039612 |
Schrader (1915) +2 other references | |
Schrader (1915) +2 other references | |
Schrader (1915) +2 other references | |
Schrader (1915) +2 other references | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Ransome (1922) +5 other references |
Galbraith (1947) | |
| Raman analyzed at the University of ... |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10039521 +1 other reference |
| Dale (1959) +1 other reference |
| Wilson (1941) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10037099 |
| Rocks & Min.: 24:376-377. |
Jahns (1952) +1 other reference | |
| Wilson (1941) |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10109052 | |
| - (2005) |
| field collected specimen from David Lowe |
USGS Bull 1182E +1 other reference | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. USGS ... +4 other references |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. +2 other references |
Rinehart (1964) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 332 +6 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. +2 other references |
| Engel (1962) +1 other reference |
| Hess (1917) +3 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Hess (1917) +1 other reference |
| Wiese (1946) +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 336 +4 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Herschel Ward |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. +3 other references |
calif Div Mines SR48 "Economic Geology ... | |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. +4 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. +2 other references |
| USGS Bull 1182E +1 other reference |
| Doebrich +2 other references |
| Dunning et al. (2005) |
Dunning et al. (2005) | |
Dunning et al. (2005) | |
Dunning et al. (2005) | |
| [micromounts@yahoogroups.com] |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 339. +3 other references |
| |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| Kampf et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
| Kampf et al. (2013) |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Yedlin (1967) +1 other reference |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min. 70:244 |
Ream (2004) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
Ream (1995) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Rocks & Min. 70:249-250. |
| USGS OFR 2000 - OF-00-239 |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Thompson et al. (1998) |
| King (ed.) |
| |
| Leavitt et al. (5) |
| Travis Olds collection +1 other reference |
| Rosemeyer (2001) |
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference | |
| Rosemeyer (2001) |
| Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 58: 109. +1 other reference |
| Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Morris Jr. (1983) |
Travis Olds collection | |
| Rosemeyer (2001) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| Ref: Montana Bureau of Mines and Gology ... +1 other reference |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
Gobla (2012) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Chris Tucker and John Betts specimens. +1 other reference |
| Chris Tucker and John Betts specimens. +1 other reference |
- (2005) | |
| Chris Tucker and John Betts specimens. +1 other reference |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Schilling (1979) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| J.V. Tingley and J. Quade (1987) |
NBMG Bull 83 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| Longwell et al. (1965) +2 other references |
| Doebrich +3 other references |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference | |
| USGS Open-File Report 76-56 +2 other references |
| LaPointe et al. (199) +2 other references |
| Schilling (1979) |
| LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference |
| Schilling (1979) +2 other references |
LaPointe et al. (199) +2 other references | |
| LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference |
| Schilling (1979) |
| Nevada Bureau of Mines & Geology (1983) |
NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral ... | |
Rocks & Minerals +1 other reference | |
| Schilling (1979) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
John W. Norby and Michael J.T. Orobona (2002) | |
| NBMG Bull 59 Geology and Mineral ... |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ... +1 other reference |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Schilling (1979) +1 other reference |
Rocks & Min.: 63:487. | |
- (2005) | |
| Schilling (1979) |
| Schilling (1979) |
| - (2005) |
Schilling (1979) | |
| Schilling (1979) +1 other reference |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Schilling (1979) +1 other reference | |
| +1 other reference |
NBMG Bull 80 Geology and Mineral ... +3 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference |
| NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference |
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
Schilling (1979) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Schilling (1979) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Martin Jensen (2011) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
Schilling (1979) | |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Schilling (1979) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Schilling (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Dana 7:II:1081. +2 other references |
| Schilling (1979) |
| - (2005) |
Johnson (1977) | |
- (2005) | |
| Johnson (1977) |
| - (2005) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Johnson (1977) +1 other reference |
| Ken Coleman Collection |
| - (2005) |
| - (1976) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) |
Schilling (1979) | |
- (1976) | |
- (2005) | |
| David Shannon Minerals to John Weber ... |
| - (1976) |
| Meyers et al. (1956) |
| Dunn (1995) |
Dunn (1995) | |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| - (2005) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Pierce (1965) +1 other reference |
| Yang et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Robert E. Walsttom collection |
| geoinfo.nmt.edu (n.d.) +2 other references |
Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| NMBGMR Open-file Report OF-459 |
| Jerry Cone Collection |
| NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2000) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| USGS Bull 945C +2 other references |
USGS Bull 945C +1 other reference | |
Palache et al. (1951) | |
USGS Bull 945C | |
USGS Bull 945C +1 other reference | |
USGS Bull 945C +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| www.juniata.edu (n.d.) |
| Miller |
| Rocks & Minerals (1986) |
| Smith (1991) +1 other reference |
- (2005) | |
| Smith (1991) |
| Smith (1991) |
- (2005) | |
MINERALS OF THE KARNES URANIUM ... | |
| - (2005) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Smith (1991) | |
| Self-collected by Franklin Roberts |
| Bullock (1981) |
Dana 7:II:1080. +4 other references | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
Nolan et al. (1935) +1 other reference | |
Bullock (1981) +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| John Lindell Collection |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) |
| - (2005) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| tin.er.usgs.gov (n.d.) |
| - (2005) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Frei et al. (1998) |
| Cairncross (2004) |
Quick NavTopAbout PowelliteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Manto Cuba Mine, San Pedro de Cachiyuyo mining district, Diego de Almagro, Chañaral Province, Atacama, Chile