Carbonate-rich Apatite
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About Carbonate-rich Apatite
A variety of Apatite
Synonyms pertaining to undifferentiated carbonate-bearing apatites (fluorapatite, hydroxylapatite) are listed in this file.
Crystals short to long hexagonal prisms [0001], with {1010} and {1011} dominant; also thick tabular {0001}, frequently in the crystals of hydrothermal origin in pegmatites and veins, with {1010}, relatively large {0001}, and often also {1011} or low pyramids. Massive, coarse granular to compact. Globular or reniform at times with a sub-fibrous, scaly, or imperfectly columnar structure or as fibrous crusts (especially in Carbonate-apatite).
Occurs extensively as nodules in phosphatic rock; as crusts on chlorapatite; in crevices in sodalite rock; in guano-derived deposits; as zonal overgrowths on fluorapatite; and as crusts in pegmatites.
Synonyms pertaining to undifferentiated carbonate-bearing apatites (fluorapatite, hydroxylapatite) are listed in this file.
Crystals short to long hexagonal prisms [0001], with {1010} and {1011} dominant; also thick tabular {0001}, frequently in the crystals of hydrothermal origin in pegmatites and veins, with {1010}, relatively large {0001}, and often also {1011} or low pyramids. Massive, coarse granular to compact. Globular or reniform at times with a sub-fibrous, scaly, or imperfectly columnar structure or as fibrous crusts (especially in Carbonate-apatite).
Occurs extensively as nodules in phosphatic rock; as crusts on chlorapatite; in crevices in sodalite rock; in guano-derived deposits; as zonal overgrowths on fluorapatite; and as crusts in pegmatites.
Synonyms of Carbonate-rich Apatite
Other Language Names for Carbonate-rich Apatite
Russian:Carbapatit
Varieties of Carbonate-rich Apatite
Collophane | A name used for the massive, cryptocrystalline, colloidal (amorphous) varieties of Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite or Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite, such as those that constitute the bulk of phosphate rock and fossil bone. The original material was carbonate... |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Calcioferrite | Ca2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH) · 7H2O |
5 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
4 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Millisite | (Na,K)CaAl6(PO4)4(OH)9 · 3H2O |
4 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
3 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Variscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
2 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Galena | PbS |
2 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
2 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
2 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Kupletskite | (K,Na)3(Mn,Fe)7Ti2Si8O26(OH)4F |
2 photos of Carbonate-rich Apatite associated with Saamite (of Volkova & Melentiev) | (Ca,Sr,REE)5(PO4)3(F,O) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Carbonate-rich Apatite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Sandberger (1870) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 308 (as Kollophan).
Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 808 (as Collophanite).
Chirvinsky (1906) Ann. Géol. Min. Russie: 8: 251, 256 (as Carbapatit).
Chirvinsky (1911) Jb. Min.: II: 61, 71 (as Kurskite).
Brauns (1916) Jb. Min., Beil.-Bd.: 41: 60 (as carbonatapatit).
Chirvinsky (1919) Mat. for Knowl. of Nat. Prod. Forces of Russia, Petrograd, no. 30 (as Kurskite).
Bøggild (1920) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 55: 417.
Rogers (1922) American Journal of Science: 3: 269 (as Collophane).
Washington (1929) American Mineralogist: 14P: 369.
McConnell (1935) American Mineralogist: 20: 693.
McConnell (1938) American Journal of Science: 36: 296.
McConnell and Gruner (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 157.
de Villiers (1942) American Journal of Science: 240: 443.
Hutton and Seelye (1942) Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand: 72, part 3: 191.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 879-889.
Internet Links for Carbonate-rich Apatite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-31325.html
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Localities for Carbonate-rich Apatite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| [var: Collophane] Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV; McQueen, Ken G.; J. R. Caldwell; P. W. Millsteed (July 1988). "Primary and Secondary Minerals at the Paddy's River Mine, Australian Capital Territory". Australian Mineralogist 3: 83–100. |
[var: Collophane] Trueman, N. A. (1966). Substitutions for phosphate ions in apatite. Nature, 210, 937-938. | |
| Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages. |
| [var: Collophane] Helictite 13:19-33 |
Austria | |
| Dan Weinrich |
| [var: Collophane] R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) |
Bolivia | |
| [var: Collophane] Woolley, A.R. (1987) Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. p 167-168. |
Brazil | |
| [var: Collophane] Alcântara e Silva, José Roberto, 2004, Caracterização Hidrogeológica da Jazida de Itataia-CE; Forman, J. M. A., & Angeiras, A. G. (1981). Poços de Caldas and Itataia: Two case histories of uranium exploration in Brazil. In Proceedings of an Advisory Group Meeting on Case Histories of Uranium Exploration, IAEA-AG (Vol. 250, No. 14, pp. 99-136). |
| [var: Collophane] Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189. |
| [var: Collophane] Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J., 2009, Carbonatites of the world, explored deposits of Nb and REE; database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 p. and database. |
| Am Min (1955) 40:55-63 |
Cambodia | |
| [var: Collophane] Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1993) Atlas of Mineral Resources for the Escap Region Cambodia Vol 10 UN. |
| [var: Collophane] Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1993) Atlas of Mineral Resources for the Escap Region Cambodia Vol 10 UN. |
Canada | |
| D. M. Egan (1986) The Occurrence of Scarbroite at Muskiki Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. Mineralogical Magazine 50:180 |
China | |
| Li Yiliang, Zheng Yongfei, Gong Bing, and Fu Bin (2000): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 43(5), 449-457. |
Li Yiliang, Zheng Yongfei, Gong Bing, and Fu Bin (2000): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 43(5), 449-457. | |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362; Jun Xiao, Yansong Liu, Chuanmin Sun, Zhengwei He, Nengjiong Li, Qinglei Zhou, and Jiongguan Li (2009): Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 30(3), 69-73, Yansong Liu, Zhengwei He, Xiaojun Long, Nengjiong Li, and Hai Liao (2010): Geology and Exploration 46(2), 230-237 |
| [var: Collophane] National Geological Archives of China database, record no. X00050212 |
| [var: Collophane] National Geological Archives of China database, record no. X00045157 |
| [var: Collophane] Baoqin Ru (1987): Geology and Prospecting 23(3), 47 |
| [var: Collophane] Ruifu He and Hongwu Tan (1981): Geological Review 46(2), 157-160 |
| [var: Collophane] Jie Zhang, Qin Zhang, and Dailiang Chen (2002): Mineral Deposits 21(suppl.), 930-933; Huixin Jin, Hua Wang, and Junqi Li (2007): Chinese Journal of Rare Metals 31(3). |
[var: Collophane] Junying Zhang, Deyi Ren, Yanming Zhu, Chenlin Chou, Rongshu Zeng, and Baoshan Zheng (2004): International Journal of Coal Gology 57(1), 49-61. | |
| [var: Collophane] http://brightrich.com/mineral_summary.htm |
| [var: Collophane] Shaoyong Jiang, Yongquan Chen, Hongfei Ling, Jinghong Yang, Hongzhen Feng, and Pei Ni (2006): Mineralium Deposita 41, 453-467.; Jingwen Mao, Guangdi Zhang, Andao Du, Yitian Wang, and Mingguo Zeng (2001): Acta Geologica Sinica 75(2), 234-243 |
| [var: Collophane] USGS Open-file report 02-156 |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
| [var: Collophane] Fangshi Zhen, Qingshan Liao, and Mingyu Zhu (2008): Resources & Industries 10(2), 121-126 |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
| [var: Collophane] Chao Chen and Fapeng Xie (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 53-62 |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
| [var: Collophane] Youyu Li, Shuzhen Cheng, Yuchen Zhai, Mingxun Dai, and Guishen Xu (1994): Geology and Prospecting 30(3), 15-19; Nansheng Chen (1996), In: Tu Guangzhi (ed.): Geochemistry of Strata-Bound Deposits in China. Science Press (Beijing), 528-548 |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Time-space distribution and evolution of the Ningxiang type sedimentary iron deposits. Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
[var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 | |
| [var: Collophane] Yiming Zhao and Chengsi Bi (2000): Mineral Deposits 19(4), 350-362 |
| [var: Collophane] Zhengqin Li (1978): Geology and Prospecting 14(6), 55-58 |
[var: Collophane] Zhengqin Li (1978): Geology and Prospecting 14(6), 55-58 | |
[var: Collophane] Zhengqin Li (1978): Geology and Prospecting 14(6), 55-58 | |
[var: Collophane] Zhengqin Li (1978): Geology and Prospecting 14(6), 55-58 | |
| Shen Weizhou and Liu Changshi (1996), In: Wang Dezi, Ren Qijiang et al. (eds.): The Mesozoic Volcanic-Intrusive Complexes and Their Metallogenic Relations in East China. Science Press (Beijing), 112-126. |
[var: Collophane] Dahlkamp, F.J., Ed. (2009): Uranium Deposits of the World. Springer (Berlin, Heidelberg), pp. 31-156 | |
[var: Collophane] Linfei Qiu, Guangxi Ou, Min Zhang, and Jianfeng Zhang (2012): Mineral Deposits 31(2), 271-281 | |
| [var: Collophane] Dahlkamp, F.J., Ed. (2009): Uranium Deposits of the World. Springer (Berlin, Heidelberg), pp. 31-156 |
| [var: Collophane] Dahlkamp, F.J., Ed. (2009): Uranium Deposits of the World. Springer (Berlin, Heidelberg), pp. 31-156 |
| [var: Collophane] Lü Zhicheng, Liu Congqiang, Liu Jiajun, and Zhao Zhiqi (2003): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 46(12), 1273-1291. |
| [var: Collophane] Zhongtang Yang, Gengbiao Qiao, Zhiming Li, Xiaoyong Yang, Hongping Huang, Xianghua Lan, Zhongbao Song, Xiaozhou Liu, and Wei Wan (2009): Chinese Journal of Geology 44(1), 88-102 |
| [var: Collophane] National Geological Archives of China database, record no. X00046718 |
| [var: Collophane] Huaikui Tu (2001): Northwestern Uranium Geology 27(1), 13-16 |
| [var: Collophane] Xueduo Cao, Guonan Gan, and Tianlun Chen (1985): Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 6(1), 85-96 |
[var: Collophane] Zejiang Wang (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(10), 7-15 | |
| [var: Collophane] Bo Yuan, Jingwen Mao, Xinghu Yan, Yue Wu, Feng Zhang, and Liangliang Zhao (2014): Acta Petrologica Sinica 30(1), 209-220 |
| [var: Collophane] Huaikui Tu (2001): Northwestern Uranium Geology 27(1), 13-16 |
| [var: Collophane] Zejiang Wang (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(10), 7-15 |
| [var: Collophane] Hongjun Liu and Youzhi Xue (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15, 165-176. |
| [var: Collophane] Fangcheng Lin (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(2), 122-133; Lin Fangcheng and Pan Guitang (2006): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 49(11), 1135-1146 |
| [var: Collophane] Mu Yang and Shenglin Peng (2006): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 21(4), 227-231 |
| [var: Collophane] Chernoff, C.B. and Orris, G.J. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-156-A. |
| [var: Collophane] Huaikui Tu (2001): Northwestern Uranium Geology 27(1), 13-16 |
| [var: Collophane] Nansheng Chen (1996), In: Tu Guangzhi (ed.): "Geochemistry of Strata-Bound Deposits in China", Science Press (Beijing), 528-548 |
| [var: Collophane] Mu Yang and Shenglin Peng (2006): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 21(4), 227-231 |
| [var: Collophane] Mu Yang and Shenglin Peng (2006): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 21(4), 227-231 |
| [var: Collophane] Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(5), 567-574 |
| [var: Collophane] National Geological Archives of China database, record no. X00028211 |
| [var: Collophane] Nansheng Chen and Xiuzhen Yang (1987): Geochimica 16(3), 208-214 |
| [var: Collophane] Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(5), 567-574 |
[var: Collophane] Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(5), 567-574 | |
[var: Collophane] Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(5), 567-574 | |
[var: Collophane] National Geological Archives of China database, record no. X00031540 | |
Egypt | |
| [var: Collophane] USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A |
Finland | |
| McNulty, W. K., & O'Brien, H. E. (2012) Seitaperä Group II kimberlite/olivine lamproite: large 1200 Ma diamondiferous pipe in Kuhmo, eastern Finland. In International Kimberlite Conference: Extended Abstracts (Vol. 10). |
France | |
| [var: Collophane] A.M. Rossfelder (1990). "The submerged phosphate deposit of Mataiva Atoll, French Polynesia". In "Phosphate deposits of the world. Vol 3. Neogene to Modern Phosphorites", W.C.Burnett & S.R.Riggs editors. Cambridge University Press, pg. 195-204. |
| Karkanas, P., Rigaud, J. P., Simek, J. F., Albert, R. M., & Weiner, S. (2002). Ash bones and guano: a study of the minerals and phytoliths in the sediments of Grotte XVI, Dordogne, France. Journal of Archaeological Science, 29(7), 721-732. |
India | |
[var: Collophane] www.dae.gov.in/ni/nijul03/cudapah.pdf. | |
| [var: Collophane] Bhaskar, D. V., & Thimmaiah, M. (1997). Occurrence of carbonatite at Chintalacheruvu, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA, 50(5), 641-644. |
| [var: Collophane] Acharya, B.C., Rao, D.S., and Sahoo, R.K. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 79-93. |
| [var: Collophane] S. C. Tripathi (1985) Framboidal pyrite from Mussoorie phosphorite and its geological implication — Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences, 94, 315-321. |
| [var: Collophane] Koshta, R. N., K. C. Agarwala, N. Subrahmanyam, and J. J. Rao. "Studies on the Geology and Beneficiation of Chandak Magnesite Deposit from Pithoragarh District, Uttar Pradesh." (1985): 282-292. |
Ireland | |
| [var: Collophane] The Geology of the Burren region, Co. Clare, Ireland by Dr. Maria E. McNamara and Dr. Ronán W. Hennessy |
Israel | |
| Goldberg, P. S. & Nathan, Y. (1975): Phosphate mineralogy of et-Tabun cave, Mount Carmel, Israel. Mineralogical Magazine 40, 253-258. |
Italy | |
| Stoppani, F.S., Curti, E. (1982) I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze: 291 pp. |
| [var: Collophane] F. Stoppa and Y. Liu, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 391-402. |
| Marchesini, A., De Michele, V. (1967) Su un affioramento fosfatico nel Sarrabus (Sardegna). Nota Preliminare. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 106, 2, 167-170; Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi, G. (1993) Sarrabus. Miniere e Minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, Associazione Piemontese Mineralogia Paleontologia e Mostra Torinese Minerali, Centro Mineralogico Varesino, Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini, Gruppo Mineralogico Paleontologico Piacentino, et al., Stige Milano Srl, Milano, 208 pp. |
| Boscardin, M., Checchi, A., Filippi, F., Guglielmino, S., Pegoraro, S., Pretto, G., Zattra, A. (1998): Offretite del Veneto. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/1998, 25-30. |
Malawi | |
| Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395. |
Malta | |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
Mexico | |
| [var: Collophane] Yale Peabody Museum #5163 |
[var: Collophane] Donald Slater specimens (ID checked by Alfredo Petrov and John Attard) | |
Mozambique | |
| Hurai, V., Paquette, J. L., Huraiová, M., Slobodník, M., Hvožďara, P., Siegfried, P., ... & Milovská, S. (2017). New insights into the origin of the Evate apatite-iron oxide-carbonate deposit, Northeastern Mozambique, constrained by mineralogy, textures, thermochronometry, and fluid inclusions. Ore Geology Reviews, 80, 1072-1091. |
New Zealand | |
| [var: Collophane] Mac Beggs, J. (1978) Geology of the metamorphic basement and late Cretaceous Oligocene sedimentary sequence of Campbell Island, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 8:2, 161-177. |
Russia | |
| [var: Collophane] Rudmin, M.; Reva, I.; Sokol, E.; Abdullayev, E.; Ruban, A.; Kudryavtsev, A.; Tolkachev, O.; Mazurov, A. (2020) Minerals of Rare Earth Elements in High-Phosphorus Ooidal Ironstones of the Western Siberia and Turgai Depression. Minerals 10, 11. |
| Arbuzov V.A. et al. (1967) Kerch Iron-Ore Basin (Kerchenskii Zhelezorydny Bassein)/ - Moscow:Nedra. - 576 h/ (Rus.) |
| Zanin, Y. N., Tsykin, R. A., & Dar’in, A. V. (2005). Phosphorites of the Arkheologicheskaya cave (Khakassia, east Siberia). Lithology and Mineral Resources, 40(1), 48-55. |
| Ras, I. K. U., Nedosekova IL, Udoratina OV, Vladykin NV, Pribavkin SV. (2011) Geochemistry and petrochemistry of carbonatites and dyke ultrabasites of Chetlassky complex (Timan, Russia). Abstracts of International conference Ore potential of alkaline, kimberlite and carbonatite magmatism |
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | |
[var: Collophane] Richard, G. (1928): Newberyite and other phosphates from Ascension Island. Am. Mineral. 13, 397-401.; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 710. | |
Serbia | |
| Stopanovic, Dobrica R. (1978): Carbonate apatite and collinsite in sedimentary magnesite at Bela Stena near Baljevac na Ibru, Serbia. Zapisnici Srpskog Geoloskog Drustva 1978, 11-14. |
South Africa | |
| [var: Collophane] Ware, C.I. (2001). Evolution of the northern Kwa-Zulu-Natal coastal dune cordon: evidence from the fien-grained sediment fraction. Master of Science dissertation, School of Geological and Computer Sciences, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa, 197 pages. |
| [var: Collophane] Coetzee, C.B. (1976) Mineral Resources Of The Republic of South Africa, Handbook (fifth edition), for The Department of Mines, Geological Survey, page 405 |
Tunisia | |
| Mlayah, A., Ferreira da Silva, E., Rocha, F., Hamza, C. B., Charef, A., & Noronha, F. (2009). The Oued Mellègue: Mining activity, stream sediments and dispersion of base metals in natural environments, North-western Tunisia. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 102(1), 27-36. |
UK | |
| [var: Collophane] Ford, T., A. Sarjeant & M. Smith (1993) The minerals of the Peak district of Derbyshire UK Jour. Mines & Minerals 13:16-55 |
| [var: Collophane] Ford, T., A. Sarjeant & M. Smith (1993) The minerals of the Peak district of Derbyshire UK Jour. Mines & Minerals 13:16-55 |
[var: Collophane] Ford, T., A. Sarjeant & M. Smith (1993) The minerals of the Peak district of Derbyshire UK Jour. Mines & Minerals 13:16-55 | |
| [var: Collophane] Quirk, D.G. (1986): Bulletin of the Peak District Mines Historical Society 9(6), 333-386 |
| [var: Collophane] Proudfoot, V.B. (1958): Mineralogical Magazine 31, 344-345; Braithwaite, R.S.W., and Cooper, B.V. (1982): Mineralogical Magazine 46, 119-126 |
| [var: Collophane] Turner, R. (2006): A mechanism for the formation of the mineralized Mn deposits at Merehead Quarry, Cranmore, Somerset, England. Mineralogical Magazine 70, 629-653. |
USA | |
| [var: Collophane] Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333 |
| [var: Collophane] Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333 |
[var: Collophane] Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull120 | |
[var: Collophane] Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull120 | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. |
| Rocks and Minerals, (1976) 51:495-507 |
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| Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer borate district, California California Division of Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 22(9&10): 146; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 315. |
[var: Collophane] Pelletier, 1962. Mineral Species & Localities of Marin County | |
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| [var: Collophane] Galliher, Edgar Wayne (1931), Collophane from Miocene brown shales of California American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin: 15: 266; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 79; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 316. |
[var: Collophane] Reed, Ralph Daniel (1927), Phosphate beds in the Monterey shales (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 38: 195-196; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 316. | |
| [var: Collophane] Dietz, R.S. & K.O. Emery (1938), Marine phosphorite deposits off the coast of California: …(abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 49: 1878; Kolodny, Y. and Kaplan, I.R. (1970) Uranium isotopes in sea-floor phosphorites. Eochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 34: 3; Dietz, R.S., K.O. Emery & F.P. Shepard (1942), Phosphite deposits on the sea floor off southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin: 53: 819; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 200; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 317, 429. |
| Gower, H.G. and Madsen, B.M. (1964) The occurrence of phosphate rock in California. USGS Prof. Paper 501-D: 84; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 317. |
| [var: Collophane] Galliher, Edgar Wayne (1931), Collophane from Miocene brown shales of California American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin: 15: 266; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 79. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] E. William Heinrich |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
| Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated |
| [var: Collophane] Erd, R. C. and S.S. Greenburg (1960) Minerals of Indiana. Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 18 73pp |
| [var: Collophane] Erd, R. C. and S.S. Greenburg (1960) Minerals of Indiana. Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 18 73pp |
| [var: Collophane] Erd, R. C. and S.S. Greenburg (1960) Minerals of Indiana. Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 18 73pp |
[var: Collophane] Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974 | |
| [var: Collophane] Rocks & Minerals 81:420-440 |
| [var: Collophane] Alan Goldstein (2006) Kentucky Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals 81:420-440 |
[var: Collophane] Anderson (1994) Kentucky Geol. Survey Ser. XI Spec. Pub 20; Alan Goldstein (2006) Kentucky Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals 81:420-440 | |
| [var: Collophane] |
| [var: Collophane] King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vo. 1. |
| [var: Collophane] Pavlides, Louis and Milton, Charles, 1962, Geology and Manganese Deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains Area, Aroostook County, Maine, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, pp. 116 + plates. |
[var: Collophane] King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vo. 1. | |
| Van King |
| Marvin,R.F.,Mehnert,H.H.,and Zartman,R.E.,(1988) U.S Geological Survey radiometric sges-Compilation :C",Part 1;Mexico and Wisconsin,Michigan,and North and South Carolina;Isochron /West,v.51,p.3 |
| [var: Collophane] Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson |
| [var: Collophane] Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson |
| [var: Collophane] NBMG Bull 80 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Lander County, Nevada |
[var: Collophane] NBMG Bull 80 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Lander County, Nevada | |
| [var: Collophane] NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Esmeralda County, Nevada |
[var: Collophane] NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Esmeralda County, Nevada | |
| [var: Collophane] USGS Bull 931-K |
| Van King |
| [var: Collophane] NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt (1900):177. |
| George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System:U.S Geological Survey,Reston,Virginia |
[var: Collophane] U.S Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System;U.S Geological Survey,Reston,Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] Mineral Resources On-Line Spatial Data ( MRDS) USGS File # 10272588 | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
| [var: Collophane] Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals 86:300-328 |
| [var: Collophane] Paris, T.A. (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. |
| [var: Collophane] Paris, T.A. (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
| [var: Collophane] Paris, T.A. (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. |
[var: Collophane] Paris, T.A. (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System :U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
| [var: Collophane] Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. |
[var: Collophane] Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. | |
[var: Collophane] Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. | |
[var: Collophane] Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. | |
[var: Collophane] Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. | |
[var: Collophane] Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
[var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey,2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S Geological Survey,Reston, Virginia | |
| [var: Collophane] Dan Costian specimen, photo # 614851 (visual identified, self-collected) |
| [var: Collophane] UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
[var: Collophane] UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
[var: Collophane] UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
[var: Collophane] UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
[var: Collophane] UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [var: Collophane] Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| [var: Collophane] Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| [var: Collophane] Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| [var: Collophane] Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
| Mahoney, J. B., K. Havholm, A. Runkel & R. Hooper (1997) Late Cambrian shelf sedimentation, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin and Minnesota: in Mudrey, M. edited, Guidebook to field trips in Wisconsin and adjacent areas of Minnesota, 31st Annual Meeting of the North-Central Section, Geological Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, p. 51-65. |
| [var: Collophane] Hawley, J. & A. Bevan (1934) Mineralogy and genesis of the Mayville iron ore of Wisconsin: american Mineralogist: 19 (11): 493- 514. |
| Mahoney, J. B., K. Havholm, A. Runkel & R. Hooper (1997) Late Cambrian shelf sedimentation, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin and Minnesota: in Mudrey, M. edited, Guidebook to field trips in Wisconsin and adjacent areas of Minnesota, 31st Annual Meeting of the North-Central Section, Geological Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, p. 51-65. |
| Rosemeyer, T. (1995): Microminerals of the Flambeau Mine, Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wisconsin. Rocks and Minerals, 70, 335-339. |
| [var: Collophane] U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 886. |
Zimbabwe | |
| USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A |
Flambeau Mine, Ladysmith, Ladysmith-Rhinelander Metavolcanic Complex, Rusk Co., Wisconsin, USA