Parisite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Parisite-(Ce)
Formula:
CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Colour:
Brown, brownish-yellow, waxy yellow, gray-yellow; colourless to yellow in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
4.33 - 4.39
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named parisite in honor of J.J. Paris, former Manager of the Muzo emerald mine, Muzo, Columbia, leasee of the mine from 1828-1848). The suffix/modifier was added by the IMA in 1987 to conform to the Levinson rule for species with essential REE, indicating, in this case, predominant cerium.
Crystals pseudohexagonal, oscillatory and sceptered due to intergrowths parallel to the pseudo-{0001) with Bastnäsite-(Ce), Synchysite-(Ce), Röntgenite-(Ce) and Cordylite.
Polytypes 2M (very common), 3R and 6R are known or proposed.
The Ce-analogue of Parisite-(Nd) and Parisite-(La).
Very rare; can be distinguished from Synchysite-(Ce) only by analytical methods. Also chemically similar to röntgenite-(Ce).
Compare UM1998-04-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-05-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-06-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-07-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-08-CO:CaCeF, and UM1998-09-CO:CaCeF.
Polytypes 2M (very common), 3R and 6R are known or proposed.
The Ce-analogue of Parisite-(Nd) and Parisite-(La).
Very rare; can be distinguished from Synchysite-(Ce) only by analytical methods. Also chemically similar to röntgenite-(Ce).
Compare UM1998-04-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-05-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-06-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-07-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-08-CO:CaCeF, and UM1998-09-CO:CaCeF.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3120
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3120:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
69fe2889-7520-44c0-b485-6377cf840c01
IMA Classification of Parisite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
Approval year:
1987
Classification of Parisite-(Ce)
5.BD.20b
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
16a.1.5.1
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
12.1.11
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Pst-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pst | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Parisite-(Ce)
Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Lustre pearly on the {0001} parting.
Colour:
Brown, brownish-yellow, waxy yellow, gray-yellow; colourless to yellow in transmitted light.
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {0001} (or parting) present at times apparently due to alteration.
On {0001} (or parting) present at times apparently due to alteration.
Fracture:
Splintery, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.33 - 4.39 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.38 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Parisite-(Ce)
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.676 nε = 1.757
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.081
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
O = Light yellow
E = Golden yellow
Absorption E > O.
E = Golden yellow
Absorption E > O.
Chemistry of Parisite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Common Impurities:
Y,Sr
Crystallography of Parisite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
m - Domatic
Space Group:
Bb
Setting:
Cc
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.305 Å, b = 7.1056 Å, c = 28.2478 Å
β = 98.246°
β = 98.246°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.732 : 1 : 3.975
Unit Cell V:
2,444.30 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals commonly acute double hexagonal pyramids; prismatic in appearance at times due to oscillatory combination of steep pyramids. True prism faces are either lacking or are very small. Also trigonal (or possibly rhombohedral in development). Elongated crystals have locally enlarged portions at times, or have sceptre-like terminations. Lateral faces are striated or deeply grooved. {0001} very commonly present as small faces, large at times.
Comment:
Space group Cc. Pseudohexagonal.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000060 | Parisite-(Ce) | Donnay G, Donnay J D H (1953) The crystallography of bastnaesite, parasite, roentgenite, and synchisite American Mineralogist 38 932-963 | 1953 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002349 | Parisite-(Ce) | Ni Y, Post J E, Hughes J M (2000) The crystal structure of parisite-(Ce), Ce2CaF(CO3)3 sample: from Muso Mine, Columbia American Mineralogist 85 251-258 | 2000 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
14.03 Å | (40) |
3.565 Å | (100) |
2.838 Å | (100) |
2.060 Å | (80) |
1.938 Å | (60) |
1.882 Å | (50) |
1.658 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Parisite-(Ce)
Co-Type Localities:
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Intensely folder, carbonaceous shale beds.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Parisite-(Ce)
Relationship of Parisite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Parisite-(La) | CaLa2(CO3)3F2 | Mon. |
Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
48 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
42 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
36 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
24 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
24 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
23 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Anatase | TiO2 |
22 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
16 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
15 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
15 photos of Parisite-(Ce) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
5.BD. | Cordylite-(La) | (Na,Ca)Ba(La,Ce,Sr)2(CO3)4F |
5.BD.05 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
5.BD.05 | Lukechangite-(Ce) | Na3Ce2(CO3)4F |
5.BD.05 | Unnamed (Cordylite-like (Ca0.5[]0.5)BaCe2[CO3]4F) | Ca◻Ba2Ce4[CO3]8F2 |
5.BD.10 | Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F |
5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Nd) | Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2 |
5.BD.18 | Arisite-(Ce) | NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
5.BD.18 | Arisite-(La) | NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F |
5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)(OH) |
5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) |
5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 |
5.BD.20d | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 |
5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F |
5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
5.BD.20a | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O |
5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F |
5.BD.20c | Hydroxylsynchysite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce,La)(CO3)2(OH) |
5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(La) | Ca(La,Nd)(CO3)2F |
5.BD.20b | Parisite-(La) | CaLa2(CO3)3F2 |
5.BD.25 | Horváthite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)F2 |
5.BD.25 | Qaqarssukite-(Ce) | Ba(Ce,REE)(CO3)2F |
5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F |
5.BD.45 | Bayanoboite-(Y) | Ba2Y(CO3)2F3 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in hot strong acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Parisite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3120.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Parisite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Localities for Parisite-(Ce)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Tucker et al. (2012) |
Andorra | |
| in Collection Joachim Esche |
Angola | |
| Amores-Casals et al. (2019) |
Argentina | |
| Colombo et al. (2011) |
Australia | |
| Ciobanu et al. (2017) |
Brazil | |
| Manfredi (2013) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Dalsin (2013) +1 other reference |
| Ducharme (2020) |
| Feng et al. (2015) |
SHEARD et al. (2012) | |
| Sheard (2010) +2 other references |
| McLaughlin (1990) |
| Platt & Wooley (1990) |
| Gold (1969) +1 other reference |
| Cheang (1977) |
| HORVÁTH (2010) |
| Laferrière (2011) |
Petrella (2013) | |
| Martin et al. (2018) |
| Fournier (1993) +1 other reference |
FOURNIER (1993) | |
BROSSEAU-LIARD (2012) | |
China | |
| Yu et al. (2023) |
| Wang et al. (2010) |
| Qu et al. (2019) |
| Li (1982) +3 other references |
| Diao et al. (2022) |
| Liu |
Liu +1 other reference | |
Smith et al. (2000) | |
| Yang et al. (2003) |
| Jingzhan Zhu et al. (2013) |
| Guoneng Chen and Grapes (2007) |
| Huang et al. (1984) +3 other references |
| Jingxiang et al. (2002) |
| Yang et al. (2006) |
| Ge X. et al. (2017) |
Dawei Meng et al. (2001) | |
Colombia | |
| Zeug et al. (Ce) |
| Pogue (1916) +3 other references |
Am Min 85:251-258 +1 other reference | |
Czech Republic | |
| GOLIÁŠ (2002) |
| Novák et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Filip |
DR Congo | |
| Nasraoui et al. (2000) |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Järvelä collection |
| Al Ani |
| Al Ani Thair and Torppa Akseli 2011. ... |
France | |
| Gatel (1990) |
Queneau (n.d.) | |
Germany | |
| Habel (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Haack et al. (1987) |
| Witzke et al. (2013) |
| Witzke et al. (2013) |
Greece | |
| Theye +4 other references |
Greenland | |
| Lapis 19 (12) |
India | |
| Patel et al. (2023) |
Iran | |
| Abedini et al. (2024) |
Italy | |
| Putzolu et al. (2018) |
Putzolu et al. (2018) | |
| Mongelli et al. (2014) |
| analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf |
| Lapis (10) |
| Mattioli V. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Tacconi E. (1905) +5 other references |
| Vecchi et al. (2013) |
Madagascar | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Guillaume Estrade (2014) |
Estrade et al. (2014) | |
Malawi | |
| Broom-Fendley et al. (2017) |
Ngwenya (1994) | |
| American Mineralogist +3 other references |
Dowman et al. (2017) | |
Mauritania | |
| Livrable 87 +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Tony Nikischer |
Mongolia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Namibia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012) |
| Bodeving (2015) |
Norway | |
| Bancroft et al. (2001) |
| Vogt (1922) +1 other reference |
| Pršek et al. (2010) |
| Kristiansen (1974) +1 other reference |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Andersen et al. (1996) |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection (ID: XRD Alf Olav Larsen) +1 other reference | |
Burvald (1993) +1 other reference | |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-3121 | |
| Larsen et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Hermann Fylling |
Raade (1969b, p. 237) +1 other reference | |
| P. Andresen |
| Brøgger (1890, January) +1 other reference |
| Larsen et al. (2010) |
Engvoldsen et al. (1991) | |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
Kamphaug (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Larsen et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Larsen et al. (2010) |
| Engvoldsen et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
Berge (2013) | |
Berge et al. (2002) | |
| Selbekk et al. (2006) |
| Kvamsdal (1998) |
| Berg (1994) |
Pakistan | |
| Reiner Mielke |
| Herb Obodda |
| The Mineralogical Record +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Cegiełka et al. (2018) |
| Bartłomiej Kajdas (SEM-EDS) |
| Grabarczyk et al. (2022) |
Portugal | |
| Samples collected by Luigi Chiappino ... +1 other reference |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
Romania | |
| Hirtopanu (2006) |
Szakáll et al. (2010) | |
Russia | |
| Bulnaev et al. (2007) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2020) |
| A.V. Kasatkin et al. (2019) |
| Burlakov (1995) |
| Sharygin +10 other references |
| Kolotilina et al. (2024) |
| ... |
Zaitsev et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Putintseva et al. (2017) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Victor V. Sharygin analytycal data (2012) +1 other reference |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz) |
| Ondrejka M. et al. (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) |
South Africa | |
| Giebel et al. (2017) |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| VERWOERD (1986) |
South Korea | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Spain | |
| Ковальчук et al. (2014) |
| Calvo (2012) |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam et al. (2007) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
van der Burgt et al. (2005) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Ukraine | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Sharygin et al. (2014) |
| Dubyna O.V. et al. (2020) |
| L. N. Kogarko et al. (1995) |
| Lyckberg et al. (2009) |
USA | |
| Rocks and Minerals (2000) |
Rocks and Minerals (2000) | |
Rocks and Minerals (2000) | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 183 +4 other references |
Färber (n.d.) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Ream (2004) |
| with Notes on Microcline et al. (Amer. Jour. Sci. 4th Series, 31:533-557) +1 other reference |
Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Travis Olds collection |
| Lasmanis (1977) +2 other references |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Michael C Michayluk Collection |
| Bjareby (1964) +2 other references |
| csmres.jmu.edu (n.d.) |
Vietnam | |
| Färber (n.d.) |
Feldman l.G. et al. (1987) | |
| Dumańska-Słowik et al. (2023) |
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Boyacá Department, Colombia