Laurionite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Laurionite
Formula:
PbCl(OH)
Colour:
Colourless, white
Lustre:
Adamantine, Pearly
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
6.241
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1887 by Rudolf Ignatz Koechlin after the type locality at Laurion, Greece. (Note that the type material consists of a piece of oxidised galena ore, not a slag.)
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2343
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2343:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
0da45688-3470-4506-b859-7fe594ee640e
IMA Classification of Laurionite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1887
Classification of Laurionite
3.DC.05
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
10.2.2.1
10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
2 : A(O,OH)Xq
10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
2 : A(O,OH)Xq
8.8.7
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Lri | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Laurionite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Laurionite
Adamantine, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
pearly on {100}
Colour:
Colourless, white
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
distinct on {101}.
distinct on {101}.
Density:
6.241 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.212 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Laurionite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.077 nβ = 2.116 nγ = 2.158
2V:
Measured: 70° , Calculated: 90°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.081
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Chemistry of Laurionite
Mindat Formula:
PbCl(OH)
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Laurionite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.1110 Å, b = 9.6987 Å, c = 4.0203 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.733 : 1 : 0.415
Unit Cell V:
277.27 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals elongated [010] thick to thin tabular {100}. Often sword-shaped morphology. {100} striated [021] at times. Significant form {812} is generally replaced, or accompanied, by vicinal faces. Also lenticular.
Comment:
Non-standard space-group setting Pcmn.
Crystallographic forms of Laurionite
Crystal Atlas:
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Laurionite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Laurionite no.2 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Laurionite no.5 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0010776 | Laurionite | Venetopoulos C C, Rentzeperis P J (1975) The crystal structure of laurionite, Pb(OH)Cl Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 141 246-259 |  | 1975 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0011877 | Laurionite | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 298-306 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0017980 | Laurionite | Brasseur H (1940) Etude roentgenographique de la laurionite Pb Cl (O H) _cod_database_code 1011083 Bulletin de la Societe Royal des Sciences de Liege 9 166-169 | 1940 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0017924 | Laurionite | Goldsztaub S (1937) Structure cristalline de la laurionite _cod_database_code 1011017 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 204 702-703 | 1937 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.01 Å | (100) |
| 3.30 Å | (55) |
| 2.30 Å | (50) |
| 3.56 Å | (40) |
| 3.33 Å | (30) |
| 5.7 Å | (25) |
| 2.87 Å | (25) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Geological Setting:
Saline water acting on lead slags. Oxidation zone in lead deposits.
Type Occurrence of Laurionite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Lath shaped crystals to 5 mm in length
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Köchlin, R. (1887) Ueber Phosgenit und ein muthmasslich neues Mineral vom Laurion. Annalen des K.K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums: 2: 185-190.
Synonyms of Laurionite
Other Language Names for Laurionite
Relationship of Laurionite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Bismoclite | BiOCl | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| Daubréeite | BiO(OH) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| Matlockite | PbFCl | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Rorisite | CaFCl | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
| Zavaritskite | (BiO)F | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 20 photos of Laurionite associated with Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| 11 photos of Laurionite associated with Nealite | Pb4Fe2+(As3+O3)2Cl4 · 2H2O |
| 9 photos of Laurionite associated with Cumengeite | Pb21Cu20Cl42(OH)40 · 6H2O |
| 8 photos of Laurionite associated with Pseudoboleite | Pb31Cu24Cl62(OH)48 |
| 6 photos of Laurionite associated with Diaboleite | Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 |
| 5 photos of Laurionite associated with Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| 5 photos of Laurionite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| 5 photos of Laurionite associated with Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 4 photos of Laurionite associated with Matlockite | PbFCl |
| 4 photos of Laurionite associated with Thorikosite | Pb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.DC. | Lucabindiite | (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br) |
| 3.DC. | Torrecillasite | Na(As,Sb)3+4O6Cl |
| 3.DC. | Gajardoite | KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2 · 5H2O |
| 3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(NH₄) | (NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
| 3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(K) | K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
| 3.DC. | Napoliite | Pb2OFCl |
| 3.DC.05 | Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 3.DC.05 | Russoite | (NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5 |
| 3.DC.05 | Mauriziodiniite | (NH4)(As2O3)2I |
| 3.DC.10 | Fiedlerite | Pb3FCl4(OH) · H2O |
| 3.DC.15 | Penfieldite | Pb2Cl3(OH) |
| 3.DC.15 | Telluroperite | Pb3TeO4Cl2 |
| 3.DC.20 | Laurelite | Pb7F12Cl2 |
| 3.DC.25 | Bismoclite | BiOCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Matlockite | PbFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Rorisite | CaFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Zavaritskite | (BiO)F |
| 3.DC.25 | Zhangpeishanite | BaFCl |
| 3.DC.30 | Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
| 3.DC.30 | Perite | PbBiClO2 |
| 3.DC.40 | Thorikosite | Pb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3) |
| 3.DC.45 | Mereheadite | Pb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2 |
| 3.DC.50 | Blixite | Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4 |
| 3.DC.52 | Rumseyite | Pb2OClF |
| 3.DC.55 | Pinalite | Pb3WO5Cl2 |
| 3.DC.55 | Vladkrivovichevite | [Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8 · 2H2O |
| 3.DC.57 | Yeomanite | Pb2O(OH)Cl |
| 3.DC.60 | Lorettoite | Pb7O6Cl2 |
| 3.DC.60 | Symesite | Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O |
| 3.DC.62 | Sarawakite (of Frenzel) | Sb, O, Cl (?) |
| 3.DC.65 | Ecdemite | Pb6Cl4(As2O7) |
| 3.DC.70 | Mendipite | Pb3Cl2O2 |
| 3.DC.75 | Damaraite | Pb3Cl(OH)O2 |
| 3.DC.80 | Onoratoite | Sb8Cl2O11 |
| 3.DC.95 | Barstowite | Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Slightly soluble in cold water, more soluble in warm water. Soluble in nitric acid.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Laurionite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2343.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Laurionite
Reference List:
Strunz, H. and Tennyson, C. (1956) Isotypie laurionit-contunnit. Rend. Soc. Min. Ital.: 12: 214-215.
Localities for Laurionite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Chapman et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Paul et al. (2015) |
| Toma (2017) |
| www.crocoite.com (2003) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Nickel et al. (1993) |
| Nickel et al. (1993) | |
| MacLeod (1991) |
Austria | |
| abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. ... +2 other references |
Canada | |
| Horváth et al. (2013) |
Chile | |
| Georges Favreau collection |
Czech Republic | |
| RÜSENBERG et al. (1996) |
| Jirásek J. et al. (Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin) |
France | |
| Vernay (1997) |
| P. Le Roch collection |
| Germain C. et al. (1990) |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| van den Berg et al. (1990) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer (1993) |
Greece (TL) | |
| Köchlin (1887) |
| 40 (in German) +4 other references | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection (SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch) | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection +1 other reference | |
| van Kalmthout (2012) | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
| Lacroix et al. (1908) +1 other reference | |
Israel | |
| Itamar (1993) |
Italy | |
| Marco Bonifazi collection |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin) |
| Luigi Possenti Collection |
| www.comune.pisa.it (2000) |
| Franzini et al. (1992) +2 other references |
| Jansen et al. (1998) |
Mozambique | |
| Hurai (2015) |
Norway | |
| Husdal (2019) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection + EDS |
| Van der Berg et al. (2020) |
Tunisia | |
| Kutzke et al. (1997) |
Turkmenistan | |
| Lebedev et al. (1983) |
UK | |
| Day (1999) |
| BMS Newsletter 79 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| Russell et al. (1927) +1 other reference |
| Betterton (2000) |
| Norman Wilson collection. |
| Norman Wilson collection |
| Turner et al. (2010) |
| Rust (1995) |
USA | |
| Collected by Chuck Adan. EDS confirmed ... |
| McSwiggen (1999) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Vietnam | |
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Legrena Cove slag locality, Lavrion slag localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece