Laurelite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Laurelite
View of the Grand Reef looking up Laurel Creek
Grand Reef Mine, Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Aravaipa Mining District, Graham County, Arizona, USA
Grand Reef Mine, Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Aravaipa Mining District, Graham County, Arizona, USA
Formula:
Pb7F12Cl2
Colour:
Colourless
Lustre:
Silky
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
7.65
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named in 1989 by A.R. Kampf, P.J. Dunn, and E.E. Foord for Laurel Canyon that includes the type locality.
This page provides mineralogical data about Laurelite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2342
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2342:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
a9f4b905-79e2-4849-948a-bc3d44e9c9a6
IMA Classification of Laurelite
Approved
Approval year:
1988
First published:
1989
Classification of Laurelite
3.DC.20
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
9.2.10.1
9 : NORMAL HALIDES
2 : AX2
9 : NORMAL HALIDES
2 : AX2
8.8.3
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Lrl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Laurelite
Silky
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
{0001} imperfect
{0001} imperfect
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
7.65(5) g/cm3 (Measured) 7.77 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Calculated from formula and structure in Merlino et al. (1996)
Optical Data of Laurelite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.903 nε = 1.946
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.043
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Chemistry of Laurelite
Mindat Formula:
Pb7F12Cl2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Laurelite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 - Trigonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P6
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.267(1) Å, c = 3.9844(4) Å
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.388
Unit Cell V:
363.73 ų
Z:
1
Morphology:
Felted aggregates of acicular prisms. Prismatic parallel to [001] with basal {001} terminations.
Twinning:
Twinned by rotation around [001]
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001838 | Laurelite | Merlino S, Pasero M, Perchiazzi N, Kampf A R (1996) Laurelite: Its crystal structure and relationship to alpha-PbF2 American Mineralogist 81 1277-1281 |  | 1996 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018359 | Laurelite | Merlino S, Pasero M, Perchiazzi N, Kampf A R (1996) Laurelite: Its crystal structure and relationship to alpha-PbF2 it was twinned, and the partially occupied sites were relicts. American Mineralogist 81 1277-1281 | | 1996 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.33 Å | (100) |
| 1.934 Å | (60) |
| 3.125 Å | (40) |
| 2.949 Å | (40) |
| 1.709 Å | (40) |
| 1.282 Å | (40) |
| 2.090 Å | (35) |
Comments:
Grand Reef mine, Arizona, USA. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Laurelite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Needles up to 10x0.05 mm, but most needles are much thinner and are typically grouped in parallel bundles. Also in loose jackstraw-fashion.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, California, USA, 33608.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 166057.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 166057.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Epithermal lead-copper-silver deposit, hosted by a silicified breccia.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Kampf, A.R., Dunn, P.J., Foord, E.E. (1989) Grandreefite, pseudograndreefite, laurelite, and aravaipaite: Four new minerals from the Grandreef mine, Graham Co., AZ. American Mineralogist: 74: 927-933.
Synonyms of Laurelite
Other Language Names for Laurelite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.DC. | Lucabindiite | (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br) |
| 3.DC. | Torrecillasite | Na(As,Sb)3+4O6Cl |
| 3.DC. | Gajardoite | KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2 · 5H2O |
| 3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(NH₄) | (NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
| 3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(K) | K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
| 3.DC. | Napoliite | Pb2OFCl |
| 3.DC.05 | Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 3.DC.05 | Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 3.DC.05 | Russoite | (NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5 |
| 3.DC.05 | Mauriziodiniite | (NH4)(As2O3)2I |
| 3.DC.10 | Fiedlerite | Pb3FCl4(OH) · H2O |
| 3.DC.15 | Penfieldite | Pb2Cl3(OH) |
| 3.DC.15 | Telluroperite | Pb3TeO4Cl2 |
| 3.DC.25 | Bismoclite | BiOCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Matlockite | PbFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Rorisite | CaFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Zavaritskite | (BiO)F |
| 3.DC.25 | Zhangpeishanite | BaFCl |
| 3.DC.30 | Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
| 3.DC.30 | Perite | PbBiClO2 |
| 3.DC.40 | Thorikosite | Pb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3) |
| 3.DC.45 | Mereheadite | Pb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2 |
| 3.DC.50 | Blixite | Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4 |
| 3.DC.52 | Rumseyite | Pb2OClF |
| 3.DC.55 | Pinalite | Pb3WO5Cl2 |
| 3.DC.55 | Vladkrivovichevite | [Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8 · 2H2O |
| 3.DC.57 | Yeomanite | Pb2O(OH)Cl |
| 3.DC.60 | Lorettoite | Pb7O6Cl2 |
| 3.DC.60 | Symesite | Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O |
| 3.DC.62 | Sarawakite (of Frenzel) | Sb, O, Cl (?) |
| 3.DC.65 | Ecdemite | Pb6Cl4(As2O7) |
| 3.DC.70 | Mendipite | Pb3Cl2O2 |
| 3.DC.75 | Damaraite | Pb3Cl(OH)O2 |
| 3.DC.80 | Onoratoite | Sb8Cl2O11 |
| 3.DC.95 | Barstowite | Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O |
Fluorescence of Laurelite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Decomposes rapidly in cold 1:1 HCl and dissolves very slowly in cold water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Laurelite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2342.html
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References for Laurelite
Localities for Laurelite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany | |
| Stoya et al. (02/2021) |
Greece | |
| Lapis et al. (1999) |
Italy | |
| Parola et al. (2023) |
| Zordan et al. (2011) |
| Zordan et al. (2011) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
USA (TL) | |
| Min.Rec.: 27: 297. +2 other references |
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Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany