Kolwezite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kolwezite
Formula:
CuCo(CO3)(OH)2
Colour:
Black, brown, beige, pale beige, greenish
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
3.97
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2243
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2243:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
ba8b03d0-9f0f-4364-be5e-c9cd50046646
IMA Classification of Kolwezite
Approved
First published:
1980
Classification of Kolwezite
5.BA.10
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
A : With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
A : With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn
16a.3.1.7
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)2(XO3)Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)2(XO3)Zq
11.14.2
11 : Carbonates
14 : Carbonates of Co and Ni
11 : Carbonates
14 : Carbonates of Co and Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Kwz | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Kolwezite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Kolwezite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Black, brown, beige, pale beige, greenish
Streak:
Beige
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Density:
3.97(1) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.94 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kolwezite
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.688(2) nγ = 1.900
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.212
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Chemistry of Kolwezite
Mindat Formula:
CuCo(CO3)(OH)2
Crystallography of Kolwezite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.50 Å, b = 12.15 Å, c = 3.189 Å
α = 93.32°, β = 90.74°, γ = 91.47°
α = 93.32°, β = 90.74°, γ = 91.47°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.782 : 1 : 0.262
Unit Cell V:
367.31 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
spherical aggregates, to 1 cm, and microcrystalline crusts.
Comment:
Point Group: 1 or 1; Space Group: P1 or P1.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
6.04 Å | (80) |
5.08 Å | (80) |
3.70 Å | (100) |
2.956 Å | (50) |
2.591 Å | (80) |
2.535 Å | (50) |
1.109 Å | (50) |
3.02 Å | (40) |
2.338 Å | (40) |
1.289 Å | (40) |
2.141 Å | (30) |
1.741 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Kolwezite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Nodules (1-10 mm) and microcrystalline crusts.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, RMG12975.
2) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, R17228.
2) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, R17228.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized zone of a Cu-Co deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Deliens, M., Piret, P. (1980) La kolwézite, un hydroxycarbonate de cuivre et de cobalt analogue à la glaukosphaerite et à la rosaite. Bulletin de Minéralogie: 103: 179-184.
Synonyms of Kolwezite
Other Language Names for Kolwezite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
63 photos of Kolwezite associated with Cobalt-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Co)CO3 |
25 photos of Kolwezite associated with Cobalt-bearing Dolomite | (Ca,Mg,Co)CO3 |
13 photos of Kolwezite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
12 photos of Kolwezite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
4 photos of Kolwezite associated with Manganese-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
4 photos of Kolwezite associated with Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
4 photos of Kolwezite associated with Heterogenite | Co3+O(OH) |
3 photos of Kolwezite associated with Plancheite | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
3 photos of Kolwezite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
3 photos of Kolwezite associated with Spherocobaltite | CoCO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
5.BA.05 | Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Georgeite | [Cu(OH)2-x(H2O)x][CO3]x/2 |
5.BA.10 | Glaukosphaerite | (Cu,Ni)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Mcguinnessite | (Mg,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Nullaginite | Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Pokrovskite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Zincrosasite | (Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Chukanovite | Fe2+2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Parádsasvárite | Zn2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.10 | Perchiazziite | Co2(CO3)(OH)2 |
5.BA.15 | Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
5.BA.15 | Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
5.BA.20 | Holdawayite | Mn6(CO3)2(OH)7(Cl,OH) |
5.BA.25 | Defernite | Ca6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7[Cl0.50(OH)0.08(H2O)0.42] |
5.BA.25 | UM1977-03-COSiO:CaClH | Ca10-11(CO3)7(SiO4)Cl1-2(OH)1-2 |
5.BA.30 | Loseyite | (Mn2+,Zn,Mg)4Zn3(CO3)2(OH)10 |
5.BA.30 | Sclarite | Zn7(CO3)2(OH)10 |
Other Information
IR Spectrum:
Very similar to that of rosasite and somewhat similar to that of glaukosphaerite.
Thermal Behaviour:
A small endothermic break at 110°, a large one at 425° (loss of CO2), and a small one at 560°C (conversion of Co2O3 to Co3O4).
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kolwezite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2243.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Kolwezite
Reference List:
Deliens, Michel, Piret, Paul (1980) La kolwésite, un hydrocarbonate de cuivre et de cobalt analogue à la glaukosphaérite et à la rosasite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 103 (2) 179-184 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1980.7394
Fleischer, M., Cabri, L. J., Chao, G. Y., Pabst, A. (1980) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 65. 1065-1070
Deliens, Michel, Piret, Paul (1980) La kolwésite, un hydrocarbonate de cuivre et de cobalt analogue à la glaukosphaérite et à la rosasite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 103 (2) 179-184 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1980.7394
Perchiazzi, Natale, Merlino, Stefano (2006) The malachite-rosasite group: crystal structures of glaukosphaerite and pokrovskite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 18 (6) 787-792 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0787(with comments on probable structure of kolwezite)
Frost, Ray L. (2006) A Raman spectroscopic study of selected minerals of the rosasite group. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 37 (9) 910-921 doi:10.1002/jrs.1521
Frost, R. L., Wain, D. L., Martens, W. N., Reddy, B. J. (2007) The molecular structure of selected minerals of the rosasite group–an XRD, SEM and infrared spectroscopic study. Polyhedron, 26 (2) 275-283 doi:10.1016/j.poly.2006.05.046
Frost, Ray L., Wain, Daria L., Martens, Wayde N., Reddy, B. Jagannadha (2007) Vibrational spectroscopy of selected minerals of the rosasite group. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 66 (4) 1068-1074 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2006.04.042
Frost, Ray L., Reddy, B. Jagannadha, Wain, Daria L., Martens, Wayde N. (2007) Identification of the rosasite group minerals—An application of near infrared spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 66 (4) 1075-1081 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2006.04.043
Barton, I. F., Yang, H., Barton, M. D. (2014) The mineralogy, geochemistry, and metallurgy of cobalt in the rhombohedral carbonates. The Canadian Mineralogist, 52 (4) 653-670 doi:10.3749/canmin.1400006
Hazen, Robert M., Hystad, Grethe, Golden, Joshua J., Hummer, Daniel R., Liu, Chao, Downs, Robert T., Morrison, Shaunna M., Ralph, Jolyon, Grew, Edward S. (2017) Cobalt mineral ecology. American Mineralogist, 102 (1) 108-116 doi:10.2138/am-2017-5798
Perchiazzi, Natale, Dragone, Roberto, Demitri, Nicola, Vignola, Pietro, Biagioni, Cristian (2018) Incorporation of Co in the rosasite–malachite carbonate group of minerals: crystal structure studies of kolwezite and synthetic cobaltoan malachites. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30 (3) 609-620 doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2743
Localities for Kolwezite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
DR Congo | |
| Paul De Bondt |
| Herve Osana photo |
Gauthier et al. (1999) | |
Gauthier et al. (1999) | |
| |
| Deliens et al. (1980) +2 other references |
| Mineralogical Record 22: 13-20 |
Paul De Bondt collection | |
Germany | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
Greece | |
| 62. +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| Anthony R Kampf |
USA | |
| Williams (1982) |
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Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Mutshatsha, Lualaba, DR Congo