Kalinite
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About Kalinite
Formula:
KAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Colour:
White to pale blue
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
1.75
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For its potassium content (kalium).
Currently valid, but non-existent species (Uwe Kolitsch, discreditation proposal to be submitted to IMA).
Classification of Kalinite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
6/C.13-20
7.CC.15
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
29.5.4.2
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
5 : AB(XO4)2·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
5 : AB(XO4)2·xH2O
25.6.16
25 : Sulphates
6 : Sulphates of Al and Tl
25 : Sulphates
6 : Sulphates of Al and Tl
Physical Properties of Kalinite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White to pale blue
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Density:
1.75 g/cm3 (Measured) 2 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kalinite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.430 nβ = 1.452 nγ = 1.485
2V:
Measured: 52° , Calculated: 82°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.055

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Chemical Properties of Kalinite
Formula:
KAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Crystallography of Kalinite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 19.92(16) Å, b = 9.27(3) Å, c = 8.304(13) Å
β = 98.79(19)°
β = 98.79(19)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.149 : 1 : 0.896
Unit Cell V:
1,515.39 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Synonyms of Kalinite
Other Language Names for Kalinite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
7.CC. | Cobaltoblödite | Na2Co(SO4)2•4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CC. | Andychristyite | PbCu2+Te6+O5(H2O) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
7.CC. | Ammoniovoltaite | (NH4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12(H2O)18 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c |
7.CC.05 | Krausite | KFe(SO4)2 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
7.CC.10 | Tamarugite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.CC.15 | Mendozite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.CC.20 | Lonecreekite | (NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 12H2O | Iso. |
7.CC.20 | Alum-(K) | KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
7.CC.20 | Alum-(Na) | NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O | |
7.CC.20 | Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
7.CC.20 | Lanmuchangite | Tl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
7.CC.25 | Voltaite | K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c |
7.CC.25 | Zincovoltaite | K2Zn5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c |
7.CC.25 | Pertlikite | K2(Fe2+,Mg)2Mg4Fe3+2Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd |
7.CC.25 | Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite | (NH4)2Mg2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3c |
7.CC.30 | Kröhnkite | Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CC.35 | Ferrinatrite | Na3Fe(SO4)3 · 3H2O | Trig. 3 : P3 |
7.CC.40 | Goldichite | KFe(SO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CC.45 | Löweite | Na12Mg7(SO4)13 · 15H2O | Trig. |
7.CC.50 | Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.CC.50 | Nickelblödite | Na2(Ni,Mg)(SO4)2 · 4H2O | |
7.CC.50 | Changoite | Na2Zn(SO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CC.55 | Leonite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.CC.55 | Mereiterite | K2Fe(SO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
7.CC.60 | Boussingaultite | (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CC.60 | Cyanochroite | K2Cu(SO4)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.CC.60 | Mohrite | (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CC.60 | Nickelboussingaultite | (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2O | |
7.CC.60 | Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m |
7.CC.65 | Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 |
7.CC.70 | Leightonite | K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4 · 2H2O | Tric. |
7.CC.75 | Amarillite | NaFe(SO4)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.CC.80 | Konyaite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 5H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.CC.85 | Wattevilleite | Na2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?) | Orth. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
29.5.4.1 | Mendozite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O | Mon. 2/m |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
25.6.1 | Rostite | Al(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
25.6.2 | Jurbanite | Al(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O | Mon. |
25.6.3 | Khademite | Al(SO4)F · 5H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
25.6.4 | Meta-aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 5H2O | |
25.6.5 | Aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
25.6.6 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O | |
25.6.7 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O | Tric. 1 |
25.6.8 | Felsőbányaite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
25.6.9 | Basaluminite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O | Hex. |
25.6.10 | Hydrobasaluminite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 12-36H2O | Mon. |
25.6.11 | Zaherite | Al12(SO4)5(OH)26 · 20H2O | Tric. |
25.6.12 | Tamarugite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m |
25.6.13 | Mendozite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O | Mon. 2/m |
25.6.14 | Alum-(Na) | NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O | |
25.6.15 | Natroalunite | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
25.6.17 | Alum-(K) | KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
25.6.18 | Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
25.6.19 | Natroalunite-2c | (Na,Ca0.5,K)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
25.6.20 | Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Kalinite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Dana, J.D. (1868) System of Mineralogy, 5th. Edition, New York: 652.
Weisbach, Albin (1875) Synopsis mineralogical, systematische Übersicht des Mineralreiches. 78 pp., Freiberg: 9.
Winchell, A. (1931) The Microscopic Characters of Artificial Inorganic Solid Substances or Artificial Minerals. Second edition, 403 pp., New York and London.: 259 (as Potassalumite).
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume II: 471.
Internet Links for Kalinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2137.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Kalinite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Bengochea, L., Lara, R. y Mas, G., 1996. Kalinita y boyleita. Sulfatos secundarios del Área Valle del Cura; San Juan. 3ra Reunión de Mineralogía y Metalogenia. Instituto de Recursos Minerales, UNLP. Publicación 5: 63-66. |
| Jovic, S.M., Guido, D.M., Schalamuk, I.B., Ríos, F.J., Tassinari, C.C.G., Recio. C. (2011): Pingüino In-bearing polymetallic vein deposit, Deseado Massif, Patagonia, Argentina: characteristics of mineralization and ore-forming fluids. Mineralium Deposita, 46, 257-271. |
Australia | |
| Harris, D.L., Lottermoser, B.G., Duchesne, J. (2003) Ephemeral acid mine drainage at the Montalbion silver mine, north Queensland. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 50(5), 797-809. |
Austria | |
| Huber, P. & Huber, S. (2009) |
Brazil | |
| Waber et al. (1992) Jour. Geochemical Explor. 45, 53-112; WABER, N., SCHORSCHER, H.D., & PETERS, T. (1992) Hydrothermal and supergene uranium mineralization at the Osamu Utsumi mine, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 45, 53-112. |
Chile | |
| R.B. Cook: "Famous mineal locality; Chuquicamata, Chile": Mineralogical Record, sept.-oct. 1973; R.B. Cook: "Famous mineal locality; Chuquicamata, Chile": Mineralogical Record, sept.-oct. 1973 |
Costa Rica | |
| Ulloa, A., Gázquez, F., Sanz Arranz, A., Medina García, J., Rull Pérez, F., Calaforra, J. M., ... & De Waele, J. (2018). Extremely high diversity of sulfate minerals in caves of the Irazú Volcano (Costa Rica) related to crater lake and fumarolic activity. |
France | |
| Naze-Nancy Masalehdani, M., Mees, F., Dubois, M., Coquinot, Y., Potdevin, J.-L., Fialin, M. & Blanc-Valleron, M.-M. (2009): Condensate minerals from a burning coal-waste heap in Avion, Northern France. Can. Mineral. 47, 573-591. |
| http://membres.lycos.fr/cgineste/aveyron/h_embrasee.html |
http://www.pangeaminerals.com/aveyron/houiller/houiller.htm | |
Hungary | |
| ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997 |
Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995 | |
Iran | |
| Khorasanipour, M. (2015). Environmental mineralogy of Cu-porphyry mine tailings, a case study of semi-arid climate conditions, Sarcheshmeh mine, SE Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 153, 40-52. |
Italy | |
| De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol |
| Stoppani F.S., Curti E. (1982): I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp. |
| Fadda, A.F.(1989): Sardegna pietre dure e minerali. CO.EDI.SAR. Cagliari |
| PANICHI U. (1924): Contributo allo studio dei minerali dell'Isola di Vulcano. - Memorie della Società Italiana delle Scienze (detta dei XL) - serie 3 - 19, 3-55. |
Panichi, U. (1914): Contributo allo studio dei minerali dell’isola di Vulcano. Memorie di Matematica e Scienze Fisiche e Naturali della Società Italiana delle Scienze (detta dei XL), ser. 3, 19, 3-55; Forti, P., Panzica La Manna, M., Rossi, A. (1994): The peculiar mineralogic site of the Alum cave (Vulcano, Sicily). Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology (Canary Islands, November 1994), 35-44; Campostrini, I., Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C. M., Russo, M. (2011): Vulcano - Tre secoli di mineralogia. Associazione Micro-mineralogica Italiana, Cremona, 344 pp. | |
New Zealand | |
| Martin, R., Rodgers, K.A., Browne, P.R.L. (1999) The nature and significance of sulphate-rich, aluminous efflorescences from the Te Kopia geothermal field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Mineralogical Magazine, June 1999, Vol. 63(3), 413-419. |
| Rod Martin, Minerals of Ruatapu Cave, Orakei Korako, Taupo Volcanic Zone. Essence of Microscope (NZ) |
Romania | |
| Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf] |
Russia | |
| P.M. Kartashov data |
South Africa | |
| Minerals of South Africa |
Spain | |
| Crespo, Á., Pimentel, C., Pedraz, P., & Pina, C. M. (2017). First occurrence of the rare mineral slavikite in Spain. Journal of Iberian Geology, 43(3), 487-495. |
USA | |
| U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-195 |
| Williams, A., Jr. (1883), Mineral resources of the United States: Mineral Resources US, 1882, XI, 813 pp.: 606; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Silliman, Benjamin, Jr. (1867a), A notice of the peculiar mode of the occurrence of gold and silver in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and especially at Whiskey Hill, in Placer County, and Quail Hill, in Calaveras County, California: California Academy of Natural Sciences Proceedings: 3: 351; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Rogers, Austin Flint (1912), Notes on rare minerals from California: Columbia University, School of Mines Quarterly: 33: 376; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Williams, A., Jr. (1885), Mineral resources of the United States: Mineral Resources US, 1883-84, vol. 14, 1016 pp.: 949; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 68; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Whiting, H.A. (1888), Mono County, California: California Mining Bureau. Report 8: 356; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Woodhouse, C.D. (1936), Change them every 10,000 miles: Mineralogist: 4(3): 37-38; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Williams, A., Jr. (1883), Mineral resources of the United States: Mineral Resources US, 1882, XI, 813 pp.: 606; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Silliman, Benjamin, Jr. (1867a), A notice of the peculiar mode of the occurrence of gold and silver in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and especially at Whiskey Hill, in Placer County, and Quail Hill, in Calaveras County, California: California Academy of Natural Sciences Proceedings: 3: 351; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 68; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
Larsen, Esper Signius (1921), The microscopic determination of nonopaque minerals: USGS Bulletin 679, 294 pp.: 94; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. | |
| Martinez, José Longinos (1938), California in 1792 (Transactions L.B. Simpson, San Marino, California): 111 pp.: 39; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
| Mining and Scientific Press (1869), Mineralogical and geological notices: Mining and Scientific Press: 18: 264; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. |
Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 68; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293. | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92 |
| Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Meyers & Stewart, 1956. Geology of NH, Part III |
| Meyers & Stewart, 1956. Geology of NH, Part III |
| Morrill, 1960. New Hampshire Mines and Mineral Localities. |
The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 84. | |
John H. Betts (2009) "The minerals of New York City", Rocks & Minerals, 84, 204-240. | |
| SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills" |
| SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills" |
| Harvard Museum of Natural History spec. no. 109486 |
| Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
Uzbekistan | |
| Uklonskiy, A.S. [Уклонский, А.С.] (1964) Geochemistry of native sulphur [К геохимии самородной серы]. Uzbek Geological Journal [Uzbekskiy Geologicheskiy Zhurnal, Узбекский геологический журнал], 6, 5-10; Uklonskiy, A.S. [Уклонский, А.С.] (1982) Geochemistry of native sulphur [К геохимии самородной серы]. In: Problems of mineralogy and geochemistry. Selected papers [Проблемы минералогии и геохимии. Избранные труды]. Uzbek SSR Branch, Academy of Sciences Press [Издательство "Фан" Узбекской ССР], Tashkent, 66-71. |
Alum King Occurrence, Henry Mining District, Antelope Range, Sevier Co., Utah, USA