Hydrotungstite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Hydrotungstite
Formula:
WO3 · 2H2O
Colour:
Dark green, becoming yellowish on exposure to air
Lustre:
Vitreous, Dull
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
4.60
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Dimorph of:
Hydrotungstite is unstable and dehydrates to tungstite, so most specimens in systematic species collections are no longer hydrotungstite.
A hydrated counterpart of liguowuite.
A hydrated counterpart of liguowuite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1988
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1988:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
632f1d51-6dff-4211-b89f-0ba014c6fa7e
IMA Classification of Hydrotungstite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
WO2(OH)2 · H2O
Classification of Hydrotungstite
4.FJ.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
J : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); corner-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
J : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); corner-sharing octahedra
49.1.1.1
49 : HYDRATED MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : Acid Hydrated Molybdates and Tungstates
49 : HYDRATED MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : Acid Hydrated Molybdates and Tungstates
7.15.6
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
15 : Oxides of Mo and W
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
15 : Oxides of Mo and W
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Htgs | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hydrotungstite
Vitreous, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Dark green, becoming yellowish on exposure to air
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
{010}, imperfect
{010}, imperfect
Density:
4.60 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.66 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hydrotungstite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.700(2) nβ = 1.950(2) nγ = 2.040(2)
2V:
Measured: 52° , Calculated: 54°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.340
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
relatively strong: r < v
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = colorless; Y = yellow-green; Z = dark green.
Chemistry of Hydrotungstite
Mindat Formula:
WO3 · 2H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Hydrotungstite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/m
Setting:
P2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.379(5) Å, b = 6.901(5) Å, c = 3.748(5) Å
β = 90.33(12)°
β = 90.33(12)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.069 : 1 : 0.543
Unit Cell V:
190.85 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Twinning:
Polysynthetic, may be grid-like On {210}
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
6.95 Å | (vvs) |
3.73 Å | (s) |
3.46 Å | (ms) |
3.27 Å | (vs) |
2.63 Å | (m) |
2.54 Å | (m) |
1.96 Å | (ms) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Hydrotungstite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 98896; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 104901
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Kerr P F, Young F (1944) Hydrotungstite, a new mineral from Oruro, Bolivia. American Mineralogist 29, 192-210
Synonyms of Hydrotungstite
Other Language Names for Hydrotungstite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
27 photos of Hydrotungstite associated with Ferberite | FeWO4 |
19 photos of Hydrotungstite associated with Tungstite | WO3 · H2O |
7 photos of Hydrotungstite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
5 photos of Hydrotungstite associated with Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
1 photo of Hydrotungstite associated with Cuprotungstite | Cu2(WO4)(OH)2 |
1 photo of Hydrotungstite associated with Hydrokenoelsmoreite | ◻2W2O6(H2O) |
1 photo of Hydrotungstite associated with Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.FJ. | Raydemarkite | MoO3 · H2O |
4.FJ.05 | Meymacite | WO3 · 2H2O |
4.FJ.05 | Sidwillite | MoO3 · 2H2O |
4.FJ.10 | Tungstite | WO3 · H2O |
4.FJ.15 | Ilsemannite | Mo3O8 · nH2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hydrotungstite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1988.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Hydrotungstite
Reference List:
Localities for Hydrotungstite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Exel (1993) |
Bolivia | |
| RAMAN confirmation by Joy Desor |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
Amer. Mineral. (1944) | |
Canada | |
| Chatterjee (1977) |
France | |
| Gourault et al. (2021) |
| Ansermet et al. (2010) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
Japan | |
| Matsuo et al (1981) |
Norway | |
| Folvik (2008) |
Peru | |
| Hyršl (2011) |
Hyršl (2011) | |
Portugal | |
| Bussink (1984) |
Romania | |
| Szakáll (2002) |
Russia | |
| Silyanov et al. (2021) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
Rwanda | |
| Andreas Schloth collection |
| Roy Kristiansen |
Slovakia | |
| Števko M. et al. (Slovenská republika) |
Števko M. et al. (2017) | |
Turkey | |
| Powell et al. (2021) |
USA | |
| Jeremy Zolan |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
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Ferimolybditová vein, Ochtiná, Rožňava District, Košice Region, Slovakia