Hedleyite

Hedleyite

Goodhope Mine, Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Hedleyite

Goodhope Mine, Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Hedleyite, etc.

Quartz quarry, Wolfsgruben, Seiz, Kammern im Liesingtal, Leoben District, Styria, Austria

Hedleyite

Goodhope Mine, Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Hedleyite

Goodhope Mine, Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Hedleyite, etc.

Quartz quarry, Wolfsgruben, Seiz, Kammern im Liesingtal, Leoben District, Styria, Austria

Hedleyite

Goodhope Mine, Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Hedleyite

Goodhope Mine, Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

About HedleyiteHide

Town of Hedley ca. 1904

Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Formula:

Bi₇Te₃

Colour:

Tin white

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

2

Specific Gravity:

8.91

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Tetradymite Group

Name:

Named by H.V. Warren and M.A. Peacock, M.A. in 1945 for the small town of Hedley, British Columbia, Canada, near the type locality.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Goodhope Mine (Good Hope Mine), Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Relatively common member of the tetradymite group (Ciobanu et al., 2009).

Tin white metallic plates with perfect basal cleavage, mm thick to cm in width. Crystals have hexagonal outline, often with trigonal growth features.
Impossible to visually identify. All species in the tetradymite group must be reliably analysed for positive identification.

One of many Bi-Te phases known. See also: UM1980-16-Te:Bi.

Classification of HedleyiteHide

Pronounciation of HedleyiteHide

Physical Properties of HedleyiteHide

Optical Data of HedleyiteHide

Anisotropism:

Slight - light gray to dark gray

Reflectivity:

400nm	R1=59.0%	R2=61.8%
420nm	R1=59.3%	R2=62.5%
440nm	R1=59.9%	R2=63.3%
460nm	R1=60.5%	R2=64.0%
480nm	R1=61.0%	R2=64.6%
500nm	R1=61.3%	R2=65.0%
520nm	R1=61.6%	R2=65.7%
540nm	R1=61.7%	R2=66.2%
560nm	R1=61.8%	R2=66.7%
580nm	R1=62.0%	R2=67.3%
600nm	R1=62.3%	R2=67.7%
620nm	R1=62.6%	R2=68.1%
640nm	R1=62.9%	R2=68.5%
660nm	R1=63.1%	R2=68.6%
680nm	R1=63.4%	R2=68.7%
700nm	R1=63.6%	R2=68.9%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 68.9%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

White

Chemical Properties of HedleyiteHide

Chemical AnalysisHide

Crystallography of HedleyiteHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Type Occurrence of HedleyiteHide

Other Language Names for HedleyiteHide

Relationship of Hedleyite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

References for HedleyiteHide

Internet Links for HedleyiteHide

Localities for HedleyiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Australia
New South Wales Bathurst Co. Browns Creek ⓘ Browns Creek Gold Mine	Seccombe, Philip & Downes, Peter & Ashley, Paul & Brathwaite, Robert & R Green, Geoffrey & Murray, C.G. & Rubenach, Michael. (2005). World Skarn Deposits: Skarns of the Southwest Pacific. in Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume.
Northern Territory Katherine ⓘ Mount Todd gold mine (Mount Todd goldfield; Yimuyn Manjerr)	Hein, K. A. A. (1994). The structure and geochemistry of gold mineralisation in the Mt. Todd goldfield, Pine Creek Inlier, Northern Territory (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania).
ⓘ Batman deposit (Batman pit)	Hein, K. A. A. (1994). The structure and geochemistry of gold mineralisation in the Mt. Todd goldfield, Pine Creek Inlier, Northern Territory (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania).
Victoria East Gippsland Shire Benambra Morass Creek gorge ⓘ Wombat Hole prospect (Wombat Hole mine)
Mount Alexander Shire ⓘ Maldon	Cristiana Ciobanu & Bill Birch 2008, Gold-Bismuth-Tellurium Mineralisation at Maldon, Victoria, Australia: A Classic Locality Revisited, Sixth Iinternational Conference, Mineralogy and Museums; Ciobanu, C. L., Birch, W. D., Cook, N. J., Pring, A., & Grundler, P. V. (2010). Petrogenetic significance of Au–Bi–Te–S associations: the example of Maldon, Central Victorian gold province, Australia. Lithos, 116(1), 1-17.
Western Australia Boddington Shire Boddington ⓘ Boddington Mine	Kalleske, N. L. (2010). Mineralogical and petrogenetic study of gold ore from the Boddington Gold Deposit, WA (Doctoral dissertation).
Austria
Carinthia Völkermarkt District Eisenkappel-Vellach Ebriach ⓘ Pyrrhotite prospect	Brandstätter, F. & Niedermayr, G. (2006): 1433: Eine bemerkenswerte Pyrrhotin-Vererzung, mit Spuren von Cobaltit und Hedleyit sowie mit reichlich Prehnit aus einem alten Stollen in Ebriach, W Eisenkappel, Kärnten. In: Niedermayr, G., Bernhard, F., Bojar, H.-P., Brandstätter, F., Fink, H., Gröbner, J., Hammer, V. M. F., Knobloch, G., Kolitsch, U., Leikauf, B., Postl, W., Sabor, M. and Walter, F. (2006): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LV. Carinthia II, Teil 1, 196./116. Jahrgang, 121-157. (in German)
Styria Leoben District Kammern im Liesingtal Seiz Wolfsgruben (Wolfgruben) ⓘ Quartz quarry	Auer, C. (2019): Die Mineralien der Wolfsgrube bei Seiz im Liesingtal. Der Steirische Mineralog, 34, 5-11.
Tyrol Lienz District Lienz ⓘ Schlossberg	Auer, Ch. (2016): 1971) Anglesit, Aktinolith, Anorthit, "Apatit", Allanit-(Ce), Kassiterit, Elektrum, Ilmenit, Monazit-(Ce), Hedleyit, Segnitit, Titanit, Wismut ged. und Zirkon als Neufunde vom Lienzer Schlossberg, Osttirol. Pp. 217-218 in Walter, F. et al. (2016): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXV. Carinthia II, 206./126., 203-250.
Belgium
Wallonia Liège Eupen Ternell ⓘ Herzogenhügel (Hertogenwald; La Helle) ?	Weis, D., Dejonghe, L., Herbosch, A. (1980) Les associations des minéraux opaques et semi-opaques de la roche ignée de la Helle. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, 103, 15–23.; Hatert, F., Deliens, M., Fransolet, A.-M., Van Der Meersche, E. (2002) Les minéraux de Belgique. 2ème édition, Muséum des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Belgium, 304 pages (in French).
Bolivia
La Paz Larecaja Province Sorata ⓘ Marcamarcani Mine (San Baldomero Mine)	Smithsonian specimen 85382 (1975)
Brazil
Minas Gerais Mariana Passagem de Mariana district ⓘ Passagem mine	Oberthür, T. and Weiser, T. W. (2008): Gold-bismuth-telluride-sulphide assemblages at the Viceroy Mine, Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Mineralogical Magazine 72, 953-970. [contains also data on Passagem de Mariana Mine]
Pará Carajás mineral province Parauapebas ⓘ Breves Mine	Grainger, C.J., Groves, D.I., Tallarico, F.H.B., and Fletcher, I.R. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 451-489.
Bulgaria
Montana Province ⓘ Martinovo iron skarn deposit	Dimitrova, D. et al. (2006): Bulgar. Acad. Sci. Annual Report No. 12, 19-32
Canada
British Columbia Nelson Mining Division ⓘ CLY Group (BiTel Knoll)	William (Bill) R. Howard (2007) Structural setting and geochemical correlations in bismuth (sulfo) telluride-native gold–bearing veins, CLY Group, British Columbia, Canada: A reduced intrusion-related gold system. Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Opas 53 – Geological Survey of Finland, Guide 53, pp 45-50; http://aris.empr.gov.bc.ca/ArisReports/29864.PDF; Cook, N., Ciobanu, C., & Howard, W. (2007). Bi-tellurides in gold veins BiTel Knoll (CLY prospect) southeastern British Columbia, Canada.
New Westminster Mining Division Hope ⓘ Giant Mascot Mine	Manor, M.J., Scoates, J.S., Nixon,G.T., and Ames, D.E., 2014. Platinum-group mineralogy of the Giant Mascot Ni-CuPGE deposit, Hope, B.C. In: Geological Fieldwork 2013, British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, British Columbia Geological Survey Paper 2014-1, pp. 141-156.
Omineca Mining Division Lindquist Lake ⓘ Harrison Group (Deer Horn)	Roberts, J. (2017). Telluride mineralogy at the Deer Horn Au-Ag-Te-(Bi-Pb-W) deposit, Lindquist Peak, west-central British Columbia: implications for the generation of tellurides (MS dissertation, University of British Columbia).
Osoyoos Mining Division Hedley ⓘ Goodhope Mine (Good Hope Mine) (TL)	WARREN, H.V. & PEACOCK, M.A. (1945): Hedleyite, a new bismuth telluride from British Columbia, with notes on wehrlite and some bismuthBtellurium alloys. University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series 49, 55-69. Abstract American Mineralogist 30, 644; G E Ray, G. L. Dawson, R Simpson (1983) The Geology And Controls Of Skakn Mineralization In The Hedley Gold Camp Southern British Columbia* (92W8, 82315) British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources. Geological Fieldwork, 1986, Paper 1987-1; MINFILE No 092HSE060; G.E. Ray and G.L. Dawson, (1994) The Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Hedley Gold Skarn District, Southern B.C. BC Geological Survey Bulletin 87:
ⓘ Nickel Plate Mine	Econ Geol (1992) 87:1541-1565; G E Ray, G. L. Dawson, R Simpson (1983) The Geology And Controls Of Skakn Mineralization In The Hedley Gold Camp Southern British Columbia* (92W8, 82315) British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources. Geological Fieldwork, 1986, Paper 1987-1; MINFILE No 092HSE038; G.E. Ray and G.L. Dawson, (1994) The Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Hedley Gold Skarn District, Southern B.C. BC Geological Survey Bulletin 87:
ⓘ Oregon Mine (French Mine)	Dana's New Mineralogy; THOMPSON, R.M. (1951) Mineral occurrences in Western Canada. American Mineralogist 36, 504-509.; Dawson, Garnet Linn. GEOLOGICAL SE flING OF TIlE HEDLEY GOLD SKARN CAMP WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO THE FRENCH MINE, SOUTH-CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA. Diss. University of British Columbia, 1994.
Skeena Mining Division Iskut River Sulphurets District ⓘ Sulphurets deposits	Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland ⓘ Grey River deposit	Econ Geol (1985) 80:1297-1327
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM Val d'Or ⓘ Akasaba Mine (Obaska Mine)	Sabina (2003) 186.
Yukon Whitehorse mining district Kluane District ⓘ Burwash Creek	Traill, R. J., 1970, A Catalogue of Canadian Minerals
China
Anhui Tongling Shizishan ore field ⓘ Baocun Au deposit	Yunsheng Ren, Liandeng Liu, Jiwu Zhang, and Guohua Chen (2005): Gold 26(5), 9-12
ⓘ Chaoshan Au deposit	Yunsheng Ren, Liandeng Liu, Jiwu Zhang, and Guohua Chen (2005): Gold 26(5), 9-12; Yunsheng Ren, Liandeng Liu, Guohua Chen, and Lianggen Liu (2007): Geology and Prospecting 43(3), 60-64
ⓘ Datuanshan Cu deposit	Xiangping Gu, Watanabe, M., Hoshino, K., and Shibata, Y. (2001): Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 289–309; Jambor, J.L., Grew, E.S., and Roberts, A.C. (2002): American Mineralogist 87, 181-184.
Guangdong Chaozhou Raoping Co. ⓘ Lianhuashan W-Au deposit	Zhenru Zhang, Xianchang Luo, Rongmei Chen, Xingzhen Yu, Sixue Yang, Yingchen Ren, Jiuwu Zeng, and Weijun Sun (1987): Geology and Prospecting 23(6), 38-40
Shanwei Lufeng Co. ⓘ Guantian Mine (Lufeng pyrite mine)	Furong Huang (1998): Acta Geoscientia Sinica 19(1), 50-58; Furong Huang (2001): Geology of Chemical Minerals 25(1), 8-10
Shaoguan Qujiang District ⓘ Dabaoshan Mine	Ye, L., Liu, T., Yang, Y., Gao, W., Pan, Z., & Bao, T. (2014). Petrogenesis of bismuth minerals in the Dabaoshan Pb–Zn polymetallic massive sulfide deposit, northern Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 82, 1-9.
Hainan Ledong Co. ⓘ Baolun Mine	Bin Shu, Ping'an Wang, Faxian Dong, and Zhongjian Li (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(6), 745-755
Hebei Shijiazhuang Lingshou Co. Shihu-Tuling gold field ⓘ Shihu Au deposit	Peng Qiming and Xu Hong (1994): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 13(1), 55-60.
Henan Nanyang Tongbai County ⓘ Laowan Au deposit	Vikent'ev, I. V., Sidorova, N. V., Vikent'eva, O. V., Su, S. G., Luo, Z. H., & Bortnikov, N. S. (2015, June). Tellurides in the Laowan gold deposit (East China): New evidence for a magmatic source of hydrothermal fluids. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 462, No. 2, p. 581). Springer Science & Business Media.
Sanmenxia Lingbao City Qinling Mine ⓘ Yangzhaiyu Au-Pb-Te deposit	Zhenkuan Luo, Kang Guan, Manzhi Wang, and Chuantai Wang (1999): Guizhou Geology 5(3), 69-74
Jiangxi Ganzhou Anyuan Co. ⓘ Pangushan Mine	Zhenru Zhang, Xianchang Luo, Rongmei Chen, Xingzhen Yu, Sixue Yang, Yingchen Ren, Jiuwu Zeng, and Weijun Sun (1987): Geology and Prospecting 23(6), 38-40
Yudu Co. ⓘ Tieshanlong Mine (Huangsha Mine)	Zhenru Zhang, Xianchang Luo, Rongmei Chen, Xingzhen Yu, Sixue Yang, Yingchen Ren, Jiuwu Zeng, and Weijun Sun (1987): Geology and Prospecting 23(6), 38-40
Jilin Yanbian Chaoxianzu Hunchun City Xiaoxinancha ⓘ Xiaoxinancha Cu-(Au) deposit (Shuguang Cu-(Au) deposit)	Chil-Sup So, Bai-Lu Jin, Seong-Taek Yun, Chul-Ho Heo, and Seung-Jun Youm (2002): Economic and Environmental Geology 35(3), 211-220.
Liaoning Chaoyang Jianping County ⓘ Xiaojiayingzi Cu-Mo-(Fe) deposit	Liyan Zhang (1985): Geology and Prospecting 21(8), 34-39
Huludao Suizhong County ⓘ Nuanquanzi Au deposit	Peng Qiming and Xu Hong (1994): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 13(1), 55-60.
Yunnan Honghe Jinping County ⓘ Baimazhai Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit	Wang, C., and Zhou, M.-F. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 41(8), 771-783
Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Příbram District Hvožďany ⓘ Petrackova hora	Zachariáš, J., Pudilová, M., Žák, K., Morávek, P., Litochleb, J., Váňa, T., Pertold, Z. (1997) P-T conditions, fluid inclusions and O, C, S isotope characteristics of gold-bearing mineralizations within the Central Bohemian Metallogenic Zone. - Acta Univ. Carolinae – Geologica, 41 (3-4), pp. 167–178.
Psí hory gold mining district Mokrsko ⓘ Mokrsko-West gold deposit (Mokrsko Au deposit)	Jiří Zachariáš, Petr Morávek, Petr Gadas, Jaroslava Pertoldová (2014): The Mokrsko-West gold deposit, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic: Mineralogy, deposit setting and classification. Ore Geology Reviews 58, 238-263.
Olomouc Region Jeseník District ⓘ Zlatý Chlum	Fojt, B., Hauk, J., Kotrba, Z.: Mineralogie zlata a doprovodných minerálů ze Zlatého chlumu u Jeseníku. Věstník ÚÚG, 1988, 63, 2.
Plzeň Region Klatovy District Sušice ⓘ Kašperské Hory (Bergreichenstein; Reichenstein)	Vavřín, I.: Nové poznatky o selenidech Českého masívu. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 82-89.
Dominican Republic
Monseñor Nouel Province Maimón ⓘ Cerro Maimón Mine (Cerro de Maimón deposit)	Colomer, J. M., Andreu, E., Torró, L., Proenza, J. A., Melgarejo, J. A., Chavez, C., ... & Lewis, J. F. (2013). Mineralogy, textures and new sulphur isotope data of the Cerro de Maimón VMS deposit ores, Dominican Republic. In Mineral deposit research for a high-tech world. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial SGA Meeting (Vol. 2, pp. 518-521).; Torró, L., Proenza, J. A., Melgarejo, J. C., Alfonso, P., de Pablo, J. F., Colomer, J. M., ... & Chávez, C. (2016). Mineralogy, geochemistry and sulfur isotope characterization of Cerro de Maimón (Dominican Republic), San Fernando and Antonio (Cuba) Lower Cretaceous VMS deposits: formation during subduction initiation of the Proto-Caribbean lithosphere within a fore-arc. Ore Geology Reviews, 72, 794-817.
Finland
North Karelia ⓘ Ilomantsi	Hytönen,K. (1999): Suomen Mineraalit. Geologian tutkimuskeskus. Erillisjulkaisu, Jyväskylä, 399 pp (p.346)
ⓘ Kelokorpi	Kojonen, Kari, Johanson, Bo and Pakkanen, Lassi (1991). Kelokorven malmiaiheiden malmimineragia ja petrografia. GTK raportti M 19/4244/-91/2/42
ⓘ Kivisuo prospect	http://www.gsf.fi/explor/gold/kivisuo.htm
ⓘ Pampalo	Geological Survey of Finland 2008. Pampalo(Ward)-Gold Database.
ⓘ Rämepuro	Geological Survey of Finland 2008. Rämepuro-Gold Database.
ⓘ Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au ore field	No reference listed
North Ostrobothnia Haapavesi ⓘ Kiimala (Ängesneva)	Kojonen, Kari, Johanson, Bo, Sipilä, Esko 1991. The Kiimala gold deposit in Haapavesi, Western Finland. in: Geological Survey of Finland, Current Research 1989-1990. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 12, 75-79, 1991
Kuusamo ⓘ Kouvervaara	Geological Survey of Finland 2008. Kouvervaara - Gold Database
Raahe ⓘ Laivakangas-N (Näädänmaa; Näädänmalmi)	Geological Survey of Finland 2008. Laivakangas-N - Gold Database
Pirkanmaa Lempäälä ⓘ Kalliojärvi	Kuikka, Antti (2014) Pirkkalan alueen kultaesiintymien malmimineralogia. Summary: Ore mineralogy of the gold deposits in the Pirkkala area Volyymi: 212, Julkaisusarja: Tutkimusraportti - Report of Investigation. Geologin Tutkimuskeskus.
Satakunta Huittinen ⓘ Jokisivu (Kujankallio)	http://www.gsf.fi/explor/gold/jokisivu.htm; Eilu, P. (2003). Exploration for orogenic gold deposits. Fennoscandian Exploration and Mining 2003. Rovaniemi, Finland
Ulvila Kullaa ⓘ Välimäki	Niilo Kärkkäinen, Tapio Lehto, Lasse Pakkanen and Petri Rosenberg (2012). Exploration and the mineralogy of gold in the Kullaa area, Southern Finland. In: Geological Survey of Fpnland Special Paper 52 edited by Sari Grönholm and Niilo Kärkkäinen.
Southern Savonia Rantasalmi ⓘ Osikonmäki (Osikko)	Kojonen,Kari 2008. Au-Ag tellurides-selenides in Finland. International Geological Congress, Oslo August 6-14th. Abstract; Kontoniemi, O., Johanson, B., Kojonen, K., & Pakkanen, L. (1991). Ore mineralogy of the Osikonmäki gold deposit, Rantasalmi, southeastern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper, 12, 81-89.
Southwest Finland Somero ⓘ Riukka prospect	Kärkkäinen, N., Koistinen, E. & Jokinen, T. 2007. Tutkimustyöselostus malmitutkimuksista Tammelan kunnan Riukan, kaivosrek.nro 7483/1, ja Pursion, kaivosrek.nro 7482/1, valtauksilla. Geological Survey of Finland, Report M06/2024/2007/10/69.
Georgia
Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Svaneti District ⓘ Lukhra Au deposit	Kekelia, S., Kekelia, M., Gagnidze, N., Popkhadze, N., Mshvenieradze, I., Lobzhanidze, K., & Kharazishvili, G. (2017). Svaneti Gold Occurence (Kirar-Abakuri Ore Knot) and its Genesis. Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci, 11(2).
Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Lavrion mining district Plaka Plaka Mines ⓘ Adami Mine No. 2	Rieck, B., Kolitsch, U., Voudouris, P., Giester, G., Tzeferis, P. (2020): Lavrion, Griechenland: Weitere Neufunde aus dem berühmten Bergbaurevier. Mineralien-Welt 31(3), 6-21 (in German).
India
Karnataka Kolar District ⓘ Kolar Gold Fields	Mishra, B., and Panigrahi, M.K. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 173-181.
Italy
Trentino-Alto Adige South Tyrol Ortles-Cevedale Group ⓘ Martello Valley	AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
Japan
Gunma Prefecture Midori City Seta ⓘ Hagidaira mine	Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsankoubutsu Gojuonhairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou, p 80.
Ibaraki Prefecture Kasama City Iwama ⓘ Nagasawa deposit	Haruna, Makoto et al. (2002) Mineralogical and oxygen isotope constraints on the origin of the contact-metamorphosed bedded manganese deposit at Nagasawa, Japan. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 1069-1089.
Nagano Prefecture Chino City ⓘ Mukaidani mine	Satoshi Matsubara, Ritsuro Miyawaki, Kazumi Yokoyama, Masako Shigeoka, Akira Harada, Takashi Yamada, Kazuko Kawashima, Koichi Shimizu, Hiroshi Miyajima (2010) Bi-Te minerals from the Mukaidani mine, Chino City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. (Meeting of the Mineralogical Society of Japan)
Oita Prefecture Saiki City Kiura mine (Shin-Kiura mine; Kiura emery mine) ⓘ Kaneko pit	Uehara, S., et al (2014) MInerals from Kyushu and Yamaguchi. (Fukuoka Mineral Club, 355 pages); Josef Vajdak specimens.
Kazakhstan
Akmola Region ⓘ Raigorodok deposit	Kovalev, K. R., Syzdykov, S. O., Kalinin, Y. A., Naumov, E. A., Baranov, V. V., Sukhorukov, V. P., ... & Zhimulev, F. I. (2018). The Raigorodok stockwork gold-sulfide-quartz deposit in the North Kazakhstan gold ore province. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 59(11), 1482-1496.
East Kazakhstan Ridder ⓘ Ridder-Sokolnoe Mine (Leninogorsk Mine)	Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing.; Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer, Cham.
Morocco
Souss-Massa Region Tata Province Azgour (Azegour) ⓘ Amensif deposit	Ilmen, S., Alansari, A., Baidada, B., Maacha, L., & Bajddi, A. (2016). Minerals of the Ag–Bi–Cu–Pb–S system from the Amensif carbonate-replacement deposit (western High Atlas, Morocco). Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 161, 85-97.
Myanmar
Shan State Taunggyi District Kalaw Township Shwe Min Bon deposit ⓘ Shwe Taung Gyar orebody	Sint, N. N., Yonezu, K., Tindell, T., Aye, M. T., Win, H., Imai, A., & Watanabe, K. (2019). Geology and Skarn Cu–Bi–Au Mineralization at Shwe Min Bon Area, Kalaw Township, Southern Shan State, Myanmar. Resource Geology, 69(1), 85-106.
ⓘ Tiger Mouth orebody	Sint, N. N., Yonezu, K., Tindell, T., Aye, M. T., Win, H., Imai, A., & Watanabe, K. (2019). Geology and Skarn Cu–Bi–Au Mineralization at Shwe Min Bon Area, Kalaw Township, Southern Shan State, Myanmar. Resource Geology, 69(1), 85-106.
Norway
Troms og Finnmark Nordreisa ⓘ Vaddas-Rieppe ore field	Lindahl, I. (1975): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway, no 60. Hedleyite (Bi14Te6) from the Vaddas-Rieppe area, north Troms, Northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 55: 283-290.
ⓘ Doaresgaissa	Lindahl, I. (1975): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway, no 60. Hedleyite (Bi14Te6) from the Vaddas-Rieppe area, north Troms, Northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 55: 283-290.
ⓘ Indre Gressdal	Lindahl, I. (1975): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway, no 60. Hedleyite (Bi14Te6) from the Vaddas-Rieppe area, north Troms, Northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 55: 283-290.
ⓘ Øvre Lankavarre	Lindahl, I. (1975): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway, no 60. Hedleyite (Bi14Te6) from the Vaddas-Rieppe area, north Troms, Northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 55: 283-290.
ⓘ Rieppe	Lindahl, I. (1975): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway, no 60. Hedleyite (Bi14Te6) from the Vaddas-Rieppe area, north Troms, Northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 55: 283-290.
Pacific Ocean
East Pacific Rise Juan de Fuca Ridge complex Southern Gorda Ridge ⓘ Escanaba Trough	Eos Trans. AGU, 81 (48), Fall Meet. Suppl., 2000
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Bardo Bardo ⓘ Bardo Śląskie prospect	Mikulski, S. Z. (2005, January). The telluride mineralization event (s) within the late-variscan gold deposits in the western Sudetes (NE part of the Bohemian massif, SW Poland). In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1415-1418). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Portugal
Vila Real Boticas Bobadela ⓘ Limarinho deposit	Mercedes Fuertes-Fuente, Antonia Cepedal, Alexandre Lima, Armanda Dória, Maria dos Anjos Ribeiro, Alexandra Guedes (2016): The Au-bearing vein system of the Limarinho deposit (northern Portugal): Genetic constraints from Bi-chalcogenides and Bi–Pb–Ag sulfosalts, fluid inclusions and stable isotopes. Ore Geology Reviews 72, 213-231.
Romania
Caraş-Severin Banat Mountains ⓘ Ocna de Fier-Dognecea District	Cook, N. J., Ciobanu, C. L., & Bogdanov, K. (2002) Trace mineralogy of the Upper Cretaceous banatitic Magmatic and metallogenetic Belt, SE Europe. In 11th Quadrennial IAGOD symposium–Geocongress 2002, Windhoek, Namibia, July 2002. CD Volume of extended abstracts.
Ocna de Fier (Vaskö-Moraviţa; Vaskö-Moravicza; Eisenstein) ⓘ Simon Iuda deposit	Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 65(3), pp. 351–372
Russia
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Okhotsk-Chukotka belt ⓘ Kontaktovyi Stock	Sidorov, V. A., Volkov, A. V., Wolfson, A. A., & Sidorov, A. A. (2007, November). Au-Bi-Te mineralization of the Kontaktovyi stock in Northeast Russia. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 417, No. 1, pp. 1164-1168). Nauka/Interperiodica.
Khabarovsk Krai ⓘ Badzhalski ore District	Alekseev, V. I., & Marin, Y. B. (2015). Composition and evolution of accessory mineralization of Li–F granites in the Far East as indicators of their ore potential. Geology of Ore Deposits, 57(8), 635-644.
Komsomolski ore District ⓘ Solnechnoe Sn deposit (Solnechny)	Gonevchuk, V. G., Gonevchuk, G. A., Korostelev, P. G., Semenyak, B. I., & Seltmann, R. (2010). Tin deposits of the Sikhote–Alin and adjacent areas (Russian Far East) and their magmatic association. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57(6), 777-802.
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Panarechka volcano	Чернявский, А. В., Волошин, А. В., & Войтеховский, Ю. Л. (2013). ЗОЛОТОРУДНЫЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ ПАНАРЕЧЕНСКОЙ ВУЛКАНО-ТЕКТОНИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ, КОЛЬСКИЙ РЕГИОН: ТИПЫ МИНЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ. МАТЕРИАЛЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОНФЕРЕЦИИ, 197.; Chernyavsky, А. V., Voytekhovsky, Y. L., Voloshin, А. V., & Savchenko, Е. E. (2012). Ore minerals of the Panarechka epithermal low-sulphide Au-Ag deposit. In Proceedings of the MSTU (Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 330-335).
Primorsky Krai Arminsky ore district Vostok ⓘ Vostok-2 Mine	Handbook of Mineralogy; Soloviev, S. G., & Krivoshchekov, N. N. (2011). Vostok-2 gold-base-metal-tungsten skarn deposit, Central Sikhote-Alin, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 53(6), 478-500.; Gvozdev, V. I. (2001) The Arminsky Ore District. pp87-97 in Khanchuk, A.I., Gonevchuk, G.A. & Seltmann, R. (Eds) Metallogeny of the Pacific Northwest (Russian Far East): Tectonics, Magmatism and Metallogeny of Active Continental Margins. IAGOD Guidebook series 11, Dalnauka Publishing House, Vladivostok 2004, 176 p
Dalnegorsk Urban District ⓘ Dalnegorsk	[MinRec 32:8]
ⓘ Partizanskoe Pb-Zn deposit (Partizansky)	Simanenko, L.F. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(4), 290-303; Simanenko, L. F. (2007). Modes of trace element occurrence in galena from the Partizansky base metal-skarn deposit, Primorye. Russian Journal of Pacific Geology, 1(2), 144-152.
Krasnoarmeysky District ⓘ Armu	Alekseev, V. I., & Marin, Y. B. (2015). Composition and evolution of accessory mineralization of Li–F granites in the Far East as indicators of their ore potential. Geology of Ore Deposits, 57(8), 635-644.
ⓘ Lermontovskoe W-Au deposit (Lermontovo)
Malinovsky cluster ⓘ Malinovka deposit	Gvozdev, V.I., Dobroshevsky, K.N., Vakh, A.S. et al. (2016): Malinovka deposit—A new type of gold mineralization in Primorye, Russia: Geology, mineralogy, and genesis. Russ. J. of Pac. Geol. 10, 34-49.
Republic of Karelia Ladoga Region ⓘ Pitkyaranta mining district (Pitkäranta mining district)	Ivashchenko, V. I., Valkama, M., Sundblad, K., Golubev, A. I., & Alekseev, V. Y. (2011, September). New data on mineralogy and metallogeny of scarns in the Pitkyaranta ore region. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 440, No. 1, pp. 1307-1311). SP MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica
ⓘ Roikonkoski	V. I. Ivashchenko, O. B. Lavrov, K. Sundblad and A. N. Toritsin (2007) Au-Ag-Bi-Te-Se vein mineralization at Roikonkoski, Karelia, northern Lake Ladoga region. Geological Survey of Finland, Guide 53 pp 51-56
Prääsä District ⓘ Novye Peski deposit	Ivashchenko, V. I., Bushmin, S. A., Ruchyev, A. M., Kornakov, A. S., Bogomolov, E. S., Savva, E. V., ... & Frolov, P. V. (2018, June). First Evidence of the Archean Age of Orogenic Gold of the Russian Part of the Karelian Craton (Fennoscandian Shield): Sm–Nd Mineral Isochron for Gold-Bearing Metasomatites of the Novye Peski Deposit. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 480, No. 2, pp. 804-809). Pleiades Publishing.
Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Tenkeli Au-W-Sn district ⓘ Galechnoe deposit	Gamyanin, G. N.; Bortnikov, N. S.; Zhdanov, Yu. Ya.; Zayakina, N. V.; Mokhov, A. V.; Popova, S. K.; Suknev, V. S. (2007): New Pb-​As-​bearing eulytite from the Galechnoe ore deposit, eastern Yakutia, Russia. Doklady Earth Sciences 413, 300-303.
Zabaykalsky Krai Vershino-Darasunskiy Darasun mine (Darasun Au deposit) ⓘ Novo-Elektricheskaya Vein	Krivitskaya, N. N., Bryzgalov, I. A., & Spiridonov, E. M. (2008, June). Jonassonite AuBi 5 S 4: The first find in Transbaikalia. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 420, No. 1, pp. 576-579). MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
Slovakia
Košice Region Gelnica District Úhorná ⓘ Šarlota-Eleonóra vein	Pršek, J., & Peterec, D. (2008). Bi-Se-Te mineralization from Úhorná (Spišsko Gemerské Rudohorie Mts., Słovakia): A preliminary report. Mineralogia, 39(3), 87-103.
Spain
Asturias Salas ⓘ La Ortosa gold skarn deposit	Cepedal, A., M. Fuertes-Fuente, A. Martín-Izard, S. González-Nistal, and L. Rodríguez-Pevida (2006), Tellurides, selenides and Bi-mineral assemblages from the Río Narcea Gold Belt, Asturias, Spain: genetic implications in Cu–Au and Au skarns. Mineralogy and Petrology: 87: 277–304.
Galicia A Coruña (La Coruña) Malpica ⓘ Corcoesto deposit	Minero, G. (2014) Tellurides, sulfides and sulfosalts in the mineral paragenesis of the Corcoesto orogenic gold deposit, NW Spain. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 92
Sweden
Dalarna County Säter ⓘ Bispbergs Klack	No reference listed
Västerbotten County Skellefteå Skellefte mining district Boliden ⓘ Boliden Mine	Kjell Gatedal
Sandfors ⓘ Björkdal Mine	No reference listed
ⓘ Hebbersfors (Häbbersfors)	T. Wikström, thesis from Stockholm University
Switzerland
Valais Saint-Maurice Evionnaz Salanfe ⓘ Robert Mine (Arsenic mine)	MEISSER, N. et DELLA VALLE, G. (1993): Hedleyite, Bi7Te3, and Joseite-B, Bi4Te2S, from Salanfe skarn, Aiguilles-Rouge massif, Switzerland. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 73, 149-150. ; Meisser, N. (2012): La minéralogie de l'uranium dans le massif des Aiguilles Rouges. Matér. Géol. Suisse, Sér. géotech. 96, 183 p.
Tajikistan
Sughd Zeravshan Range Pendzhikent (Penjikent; Panjakent) Chinorsai intrusion ⓘ Kudul	Novgorodova, M.I., Generalov, M.Ye., Gorshkov, A.I., Sivtsov, A.V., Uspenskiy, Ye.I (1991) Association of native gold with bismuthyl carbonates and tellurates. Izvestiya Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol.: 4: 102-108 (in Russian); in: Jambor, J.L., Grew, E.S. (1993): New mineral Names. :merican Mineralogist: 78: 234
Yagnob River ⓘ Kukhi-Malik area (Kuhi-malik)	D.I.Belakovskiy data
ⓘ Ravat Village (site of)	Belakovski D.I.. Die Mineralien der brennenden Kohlefloze von Ravat in Tadshikistan, Lapis, 1990, N 12 p.21-26. (in German); Belakovski D.I.. Die Mineralien der brennenden Kohlefloze von Ravat in Tadshikistan, Lapis, 1990, N 12 p.21-26. (in German)
UK
England Cumbria ⓘ Caldbeck Fells Mining Region	Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1991) Famous Mineral Localities: Pyromorphite Group Minerals from the Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England. Mineralogical Record, 22(2), 105-121.
Eden Mungrisdale ⓘ Carrock Mine	Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District: Caldbeck Fells. Natural History Museum Publications, London, 160 pp.; BMS Database
Wales Gwynedd Dolgellau Gold Belt Bontddu ⓘ Clogau St Davids Mine (Clogau Mine; St David's Mine)	BMS Database
Ukraine
Odessa Oblast Dnister-Bug domain Savran-Sinistovska ore zone ⓘ Maiskoe gold deposit (Mayske)	Ciobanu, C. L., Cook, N. J., Pring, A., Brugger, J., Danyushevsky, L. V., & Shimizu, M. (2009). ‘Invisible gold’in bismuth chalcogenides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(7), 1970-1999.; Cook, N. J., Ciobanu, C. L., Wagner, T., & Stanley, C. J. (2007). Minerals of the system Bi–Te–Se–S related to the tetradymite archetype: review of classification and compositional variation. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45(4), 665-708.
Rivne Oblast ⓘ Prutivka massif	Shumlyanskyy, L., Svyatoslav Galiy and Konstantin Kogut (2000) Noble metal mineralizations in the Prutivka dolerite massif, north-west region of the Ukrainian shield pp41-44 in Weihed, P. & Martinsson, O. (Eds.), 2000: Abstract volume & Field trip guidebook, 2nd annual GEODE-Fennoscandian shield field workshop on Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean greenstone belts and VMS districts in the Fennoscandian Shield 28 August to 1 September, 2000, Gällivare-Kiruna, Sweden. Luleå University of Technology, Research Report 2000:6.
USA
Alaska Fairbanks North Star Borough Fairbanks Mining District ⓘ Dolphin Prospect	Raymond, L. M. (2018). Gold and base metal mineralization of the Dolphin intrusion-related gold deposit, Fairbanks Mining District, Alaska. University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area Goodpaster Mining District ⓘ Pogo; Liese Creek Prospects	Rombach, C. S., Newberry, R. J., Goldfarb, R. J., & Smith, M. (2002, October). Geochronology and Mineralization of the Liese Zones, Pogo Deposit, Alaska. In 2002 Denver Annual Meeting.
ⓘ Peak Deposit	Illig, Peter (2015) Amphibole Au -Cu Skarn and Massive Sulfide Replacement at the Peak Deposit,Eastern Interior,Alaska
Nevada Lander Co. McCoy Mining District ⓘ McCoy mine (McCoy-Cove mine; Cove mine)	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Washington Okanogan Co. Myer Creek Mining District Buckhorn Mountain Southwest Zone and Gold Bowl (Crown Jewel) Zone ⓘ Buckhorn Mine	http://www.pnwfm.org/newsletters/PNWFM_newsletter_0409.pdf
Uzbekistan
Navoiy Central Kyzylkum Region Zarafshan Muruntau ore field ⓘ Muruntau Mine	Koneev, R.I., Turesebekov, A.H., Ignatikov, E.N., Vasilevsky, B.B., and Rakhimov, R.R. (2005), In: Jingwen Mao and Bierlein, F.P. (Eds.): Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, Vol. 1, 1403-1406; Rustam Koneev, Evgeniy Ignatikov, Arpay Turesebekov, Umid Aripov, Rustam Khalmatov, Obidjon Kodirov, Miraziz Usmanov (2005) Gold ore deposits of Uzbekistan: Geochemistry and nanomineralogy of tellurium and selenium. IGCP Project 486, 2005 Field Workshop, Kiten, Bulgaria, 14-19 September 2005
Samarqand North Nuratau Mountains Zarmitan ⓘ Charmitan Mine (Zarmitan Mine)	Torsten Graupner, Samuel Niedermann, Dieter Rhede, Ulf Kempe, Reimar Seltmann, C. Terry Williams and Reiner Klemd (2010): Multiple sources for mineralizing fluids in the Charmitan gold(-tungsten) mineralization (Uzbekistan). Mineralium Deposita 45, 667-682. ; Rustam Koneev, Evgeniy Ignatikov, Arpay Turesebekov, Umid Aripov, Rustam Khalmatov, Obidjon Kodirov, Miraziz Usmanov (2005) Gold ore deposits of Uzbekistan: Geochemistry and nanomineralogy of tellurium and selenium. IGCP Project 486, 2005 Field Workshop, Kiten, Bulgaria, 14-19 September 2005; Eshimov, T. E. & Khamrabaeva, Z. I. (1987): Bismuth ore mineralization of Zarmitan. Uzbekiston Geologiya Zhurnali 1987 (4), 78-82 (in Russian).
Sirdaryo ⓘ Ugat	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
Zimbabwe
Harare ⓘ Viceroy mine	Oberthür, T. and Weiser, T. W. (2008): Gold-bismuth-telluride-sulphide assemblages at the Viceroy Mine, Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Mineralogical Magazine 72, 953-970.