Hallimondite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hallimondite
Arthur F. Hallimond
Formula:
Pb2(UO2)(AsO4)2 · nH2O
0 ≤ n ≤ 0.5
Colour:
Yellow
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.39
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named in 1961 by Kurt Walenta and Wolfhard Wimmenauer in honor of Dr. Arthur Francis Hallimond [January 17, 1890 Saltburn, Yorkshire, England, UK - September 2, 1968 London, England, UK], British mineralogist, London, England, for his work with secondary uranium minerals, metallurgy of carbon steel, refractory materials, banded iron ores, and other researches. Hallimond was an early tester and innovator of geomagnetic measuring devices and worked on the geomagnetism of rocks. Additionally he developed equipment for determining the refractive index of liquid mixtures, magnetic separation of minerals, use of Polaroid filters to replace Nicol prisms, reflected light microscopy, and major advances in petrographic microscope design. He wrote important books on microscopy and, in retirement, consulted for the Vickers Microscope company, Chance-Pilkington Research Laboratories and to the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell. He named the species bassetite and uranospathite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1807
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1807:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
79a53528-5908-489e-b846-716d6b02e663
IMA Classification of Hallimondite
Approved
Approval year:
1965
First published:
1965
Classification of Hallimondite
8.EA.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
A : UO2:RO4 = 1:2
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
A : UO2:RO4 = 1:2
40.2a.32.1
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
20.7.15
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
7 : Arsenates of U
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
7 : Arsenates of U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Hll | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hallimondite
Sub-Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Yellow
Streak:
Pale yellow
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Estimated
Comment:
Estimated by analogy to parsonite.
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
6.39 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.40 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured using synthetic material.
Optical Data of Hallimondite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.882(5) nγ = 1.915(5)
2V:
Measured: 80°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.033
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v
Optical Extinction:
(100) Z' Λ c 11°; (010) X' Λ c 11°; (001) X' Λ b 9°
Due to the dispersion, extinction is not sharp when nicols are crossed and anomalous blue and brown interference colors can be observed.
Sometimes substantial variations in extinction angles can be
Due to the dispersion, extinction is not sharp when nicols are crossed and anomalous blue and brown interference colors can be observed.
Sometimes substantial variations in extinction angles can be
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = pale yellow; Z = nearly colorless.
Comments:
Absorption: X > Z
Chemistry of Hallimondite
Mindat Formula:
Pb2(UO2)(AsO4)2 · nH2O
0 ≤ n ≤ 0.5
0 ≤ n ≤ 0.5
Crystallography of Hallimondite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.123 Å, b = 10.469 Å, c = 6.844 Å
α = 100.34°, β = 94.48°, γ = 91.16°
α = 100.34°, β = 94.48°, γ = 91.16°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.68 : 1 : 0.654
Unit Cell V:
500.23 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Type material:
Flattened on {110} and {100} and more or less elongated along the c-axis. Observed forms are: a {100}, b {010}, c {001}, m {110}, n {610}, k {011}, q {018} and p {111}.
The largest faces are {110} and {100}. Medium {010} and {001}. Small {011} and {111}. The base, {001}, is striated parallel to the intersection with {010} (caused by {018}). A similar striation occurs on {100} parallel
the c-axis (caused by {610}).
Flattened on {110} and {100} and more or less elongated along the c-axis. Observed forms are: a {100}, b {010}, c {001}, m {110}, n {610}, k {011}, q {018} and p {111}.
The largest faces are {110} and {100}. Medium {010} and {001}. Small {011} and {111}. The base, {001}, is striated parallel to the intersection with {010} (caused by {018}). A similar striation occurs on {100} parallel
the c-axis (caused by {610}).
Comment:
Cell parameters from Walenta (1965).
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0003720 | Hallimondite | Locock A J, Burns P C, Flynn T M (2005) The role of water in the structures of synthetic hallimondite, Pb2[(UO2)(AsO4)2](H2O)n and synthetic parsonsite, Pb2[(UO2)(PO4)2](H2O)n, 0 < n < 0.5 American Mineralogist 90 240-246 |  | 2005 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.42 Å | (100b) |
| 2.85 Å | (80) |
| 4.42 Å | (60) |
| 3.03 Å | (60) |
| 4.26 Å | (50) |
| 3.33 Å | (50b) |
| 7.09 Å | (30) |
Type Occurrence of Hallimondite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Small well-developed crystals to 0.4 mm and fine-grained coatings in cavities and fractures of quartz (hornstone). Formed later than hügelite and before mimetite. Sometimes as oriented intergrowths with hügelite, sharing the c-axis.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone of a deposit containing sulfides, considerable native arsenic, and uranium minerals.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Walenta, K. (1965) Hallimondite, a new uranium mineral from the Michael Mine near Reichenbach (Black Forest, Germany). American Mineralogist: 50: 1143-1157.
Synonyms of Hallimondite
Other Language Names for Hallimondite
Relationship of Hallimondite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.EA.05 | Orthowalpurgite | (BiO)4(UO2)(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.EA.05 | Walpurgite | (BiO)4(UO2)(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.EA.05 | Phosphowalpurgite | (BiO)4(UO2)(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.EA.10 | Parsonsite | Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2 |
| 8.EA.15 | Ulrichite | CaCu(UO2)(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.EA.20 | Lakebogaite | CaNaFe3+2H(UO2)2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
Fluorescence of Hallimondite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
The DTA curve of synthetic hallimondite shows a distinct endothermic effect at 940 °C.
Notes:
Radioactive
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hallimondite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1807.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Hallimondite
Reference List:
Locock, Andrew J., Burns, Peter C., Flynn, Theodore M. (2005) The role of water in the structures of synthetic hallimondite, Pb2[(UO2)(AsO4)2](H2O)n and synthetic parsonsite, Pb2[(UO2)(PO4)2](H2O)n, 0 ≤n≤ 0.5. American Mineralogist, 90 (1) 240-246 doi:10.2138/am.2005.1705
Localities for Hallimondite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany (TL) | |
| Walenta (1965) +2 other references |
| 54 (in German) +1 other reference |
| Aufschluss 69/ (7+8) +1 other reference |
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Bühlskopf U deposit, Ellweiler, Birkenfeld, Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany