Ferro-kaersutite
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About Ferro-kaersutite
Formula:
NaCa2{Fe2+3AlTi}(Si6Al2O22)O2
The Kaersutite group minerals are WO2- dominant amphiboles defined with :
A(Na+K+2Ca)> 0.5 apfu,
B: Ca dominant
CTi > 0.5 apfu and
WO > 1.0 apfu
Ferro-kaersutite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C2+ position: Fe dominant
C3+ position: Al dominant
A(Na+K+2Ca)> 0.5 apfu,
B: Ca dominant
CTi > 0.5 apfu and
WO > 1.0 apfu
Ferro-kaersutite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C2+ position: Fe dominant
C3+ position: Al dominant
Colour:
Dark brown to black
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5 - 6
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For its relationship to Kaersutite
The chemical formula of kaersutite has been changed in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature from {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+4Ti}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)O to {{Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+3AlTi}(Al2Si6O22)O2 thus adding WO > 1.0 apfu to the CTi > 0.5 apfu requirement to the definition of the mineral. The exact WO2-/(OH)- ratio is rarely analysed and the amphibole report "use Ti content as a proxy for the oxo component in pargasite, and define kaersutite as having CTi >0.50 apfu (≈O2- > 1.00 apfu). However, if the O2- content is known from chemical or crystal-chemical analysis, it takes precedence over use of the Ti content as a proxy.
Classification of Ferro-kaersutite
Pending publication
IMA status notes:
Named Amphibole
Approval history:
Unnamed, but probably valid.
8/F.10-160
9.DE.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
16.14.5
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
14 : Aluminosilicates of Ti, Zr, Sn and Pb
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
14 : Aluminosilicates of Ti, Zr, Sn and Pb
Physical Properties of Ferro-kaersutite
Vitreous
Colour:
Dark brown to black
Streak:
Pale brownish-grey
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
on {110}
on {110}
Chemical Properties of Ferro-kaersutite
Formula:
NaCa2{Fe2+3AlTi}(Si6Al2O22)O2
The Kaersutite group minerals are WO2- dominant amphiboles defined with :
A(Na+K+2Ca)> 0.5 apfu,
B: Ca dominant
CTi > 0.5 apfu and
WO > 1.0 apfu
Ferro-kaersutite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C2+ position: Fe dominant
C3+ position: Al dominant
The Kaersutite group minerals are WO2- dominant amphiboles defined with :
A(Na+K+2Ca)> 0.5 apfu,
B: Ca dominant
CTi > 0.5 apfu and
WO > 1.0 apfu
Ferro-kaersutite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C2+ position: Fe dominant
C3+ position: Al dominant
Common Impurities:
K
Crystallography of Ferro-kaersutite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Other Language Names for Ferro-kaersutite
German:Ferrokaersutit
Spanish:Ferrokaersutita
Relationship of Ferro-kaersutite to other Species
Other Members of this group:
| Ferri-kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 9.DE. | Clino-suenoite | ◻{Mn2+2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.05 | Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.05 | Clino-holmquistite Root Name Group | ◻{Li2}{Z2+3Z3+2}(Si8O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.05 | Grunerite | ◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.05 | Permanganogrunerite | ◻{Mn2+2}{Mn2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.05 | Ferri-fluoro-leakeite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg2Fe3+2Li}(Si8O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.10 | Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferri-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)OH2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.10 | Joesmithite | Pb2+Ca2(Mg3Fe3+2)(Si6Be2)O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.10 | Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.10 | Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.10 | Tschermakite | ◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.10 | Cannilloite | CaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si5Al3O22)OH2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.10 | Fluoro-cannilloite | CaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si5Al3)O22F2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.10 | Parvo-manganotremolite | ◻{CaMn2+}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.10 | Fluoro-tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-ferri-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-edenite | NaCa2Fe2+5(Si7Al)O22OH2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Magnesio-hastingsite | NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Si5Al3O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Fluoro-edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-ferri-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-pargasite | KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.15 | Magnesio-fluoro-hastingsite | NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-fluoro-hastingsite | KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-chloro-hastingsite | KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Fluoro-pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Parvo-mangano-edenite | {Na}{CaMn2+}{Mg5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-chloro-pargasite | KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-chloro-edenite | KCa2Fe2+5(AlSi7O22)Cl2 | |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-magnesio-hastingsite | KCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-pargasite | KCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Chromio-pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Cr3+}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-fluoro-pargasite | KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferri-kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.15 | Vanadio-pargasite | NaCa2(Mg3+4V)(Al2Si6)O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-barroisite | ◻(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-winchite | ◻[CaNa][Fe2+4(Fe3+,Al)]Si8O22(OH)2 | |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-barroisite | ◻(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-katophorite | Na(NaCa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-richterite | {Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-winchite | ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.20 | Magnesiotaramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3AlFe3+}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.20 | Richterite | {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Winchite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Taramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Fluoro-richterite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-fluoro-richterite | {K}{CaNa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-richterite | {K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-winchite | ◻(NaCa)(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Fluoro-taramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.20 | Fluoro-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)F2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-fluoro-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Eckermannite | NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-eckermannite | NaNa2(Fe2+4Al)Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Mangano-ferri-eckermannite | {Na}{Na2}{Mn2+4Fe3+}Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-leakeite | [Na][Na2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Magnesio-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Mangano-mangani-ungarettiite | NaNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)(Si8O22)O2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-nybøite | NaNa2[(Fe2+3,Mg)Fe3+2](AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite | ◻{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+2](AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-leakeite | [Na][Na2][Fe2+2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-leakeite | Na(Na2)(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)(Si8O22)(F)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Sodic-ferri-clinoferroholmquistite | Na0.5{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22](F,OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-pedrizite | [Na][Li2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-ferri-leakeite | [K][Na2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(AlSi7O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Mangani-dellaventuraite | NaNa2(MgMn3+2Ti4+Li)Si8O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-pedrizite | NaLi2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Mangani-obertiite | NaNa2(Mg3Mn3+Ti4+)Si8O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-pedrizite | [Na][Li2][Fe2+2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite | [K][Na2][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Pedrizite | NaLi2(LiMg2Al2)(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-pedrizite | NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-fluoro-pedrizite | Na(Li2)(Fe2+2Al2Li)[Si8O22]F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-leakeite | NaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-obertiite | NaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+Ti)Si8O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-obertiite | NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)Si8O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 16.14.1 | Zorite | Na8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O | Orth. |
| 16.14.2 | Vinogradovite | Na4Ti4(Si2O6)2[(Si,Al)4O10]O4 · (H2O,Na,K)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 16.14.3 | Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 16.14.4 | Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 | Mon. |
| 16.14.6 | Jonesite | Ba4(K,Na)2Ti4Al2(Si3O9)2(SiO4)4O2 · 6H2O | Orth. |
| 16.14.7 | Lourenswalsite | (K,Ba)2(Ti,Mg,Ca,Fe)4(Si,Al,Fe)6O14(OH)12 | Hex. |
| 16.14.8 | Labuntsovite-Mn | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Mn2+(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10-12H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 16.14.9 | Kimzeyite | Ca3Zr2(SiO4)(AlO4)2 | Iso. |
| 16.14.10 | Ellenbergerite | Mg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10 | Hex. |
| 16.14.11 | Carlosturanite | (Mg,Fe,Ti)21(Si,Al)12O28(OH)34 · H2O | Mon. m : Bm |
| 16.14.12 | Eakerite | Ca2SnAl2Si6O18(OH)2 · 2H2O | Mon. |
| 16.14.13 | Plumalsite | Pb4Al2(SiO3)7 | |
| 16.14.14 | Wickenburgite | CaPb3Al2Si10O24(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
| 16.14.15 | Maricopaite | Pb7Ca2(Si,Al)48O100 · 32H2O | Orth. |
| 16.14.16 | Hancockite | {CaPb}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon. |
| 16.14.17 | Burckhardtite | Pb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
| 16.14.18 | Mathewrogersite | Pb7FeAl3GeSi12O36(OH,H2O)6 | Trig. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Ferro-kaersutite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Popp, R.K., Virgo, D., Phillips, M. (1995) H deficiency in kaersutitic amphiboles: experimental verification. American Mineralogist: 80: 1347-1350.
Mandarino, J.A. (1998) The Second List of Additions and Corrections to the Glossary of Mineral Species (1995). The Amphibole Group. Mineralogical Record: 29: 169-174.
Hawthorne, F.C., Oberti, R. (2006) On the classification of amphiboles. The Canadian Mineralogist: 44(1): 1-21.
Hawthorne, F.C., Oberti, R., Harlow, G.E., Maresch, W.V., Martin, R.F., Schumacher, J.C., Welch, M.D. (2012) Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup. American Mineralogist: 97: 2031–2048.
Internet Links for Ferro-kaersutite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1521.html
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Localities for Ferro-kaersutite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| |
| Irving, A. J. (1974): Megacrysts from the Newer Basalts and Other Basaltic Rocks of Southeastern Australia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 85, 1503-1514. |
| |
Brazil | |
| Sial, A. N. (1987). The Tertiary alkaline province of Fortaleza, State of Ceará, Brazil: oxygene isotopes and REE-geochemistry. Geoch. Brasil, 1, 41-51. |
India | |
| Madhavan, V., & Leelanandam, C. (1988). Petrology of the Elchuru alkaline pluton, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 31(6), 535-537. Czygan, W., & Goldenberg, G. (1989). Petrography and geochemistry of the alkaline complexes of Sivamalai, Elchuru and Uppalapadu. India. Mem. Geol. Soc. India, 15, 225-240. Madhavan, V., Mallikharjuna Rao, J., SUBRAHMANYAM K, K. S., & LEELANANDAM, C. (1989). Bedrock geology of the Elchuru alkaline pluton, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. Geol. Soc. India Memoir, 15, 189-205. Madhavan, V., MALLIKHARJUNA, R., Balaram, V., & Kumar, R. (1992). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamprophyres and associated dykes from Elchuru, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 40(2), 135-149. Nag, S., Chakravorty, P. S., Smith, T. E., & Huang, C. H. (1984). The petrology and geochemistry of intrusive alkaline rocks of Elchuru, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Geological Journal, 19(1), 57-76. Subba Rao, T. V., Bhaskar Rao, Y. J., Sivaraman, T. V., & Gopalan, K. (1989). Rb-Sr age and petrology of the Elchuru Alkaline Complex: implications to alkaline magmatism in the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt. Mem. Geol. Soc. India, 15, 207-223. Upadhyay, D., Raith, M. M., Mezger, K., & Hammerschmidt, K. (2006). Mesoproterozoic rift-related alkaline magmatism at Elchuru, Prakasam alkaline province, SE India. Lithos, 89(3-4), 447-477. |
| Dana 8:1357 |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa,R., Mrázek,Z., Košuth,M., 1984: Postmagmatická zeolitová mineralizácia Cérovej vrchoviny. Min.Slovaca, 16,2,157 - 172 |
UK | |
| Hole, M. J., & Morrison, M. A. (1992). The differentiated dolerite boss, Cnoc Rhaonastil, Islay: a natural experiment in the low pressure differentiation of an alkali olivine-basalt magma. Scottish Journal of Geology, 28(1), 55-69. doi.org/10.1144/sjg28010055 Preston, J., Hole, M., Bouch, J., & Still, J. (1998). The occurrence of zirconian aegirine and calcic catapleiite (CaZrSi3O9. 2H2O) within a nepheline syenite, British Tertiary Igneous Province. Scottish Journal of Geology, 34(2), 173-180. doi.org/10.1144/sjg34020173 Preston, R. J., Hole, M. J., & Still, J. (2000). The occurrence of Zr-bearing amphiboles and their relationships with the pyroxenes and biotites in the teschenite and nepheline syenites of a differentiated dolerite boss, Islay, NW Scotland. Mineralogical Magazine, 64(3), 459-468. doi.org/10.1180/002646100549526 Preston, R. J., Hole, M. J., & Still, J. (1999). Exceptional REE-enrichment in apatite during the low pressure fractional crystallisation of alkali olivine basalt; an example from the British Tertiary Igneous Province. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 90(4), 273-285. doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300002637 |
USA | |
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| Ross, Martin E. (2010): An Early Triassic 40Ar/39Ar age for a camptonite dyke in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (Atlantic Geology, Volume 46). |
Kennon Head, Kitty Miller Bay, Phillip Island, Bass Coast Shire, Victoria, Australia