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Empressite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About EmpressiteHide

Formula:
AgTe
Colour:
light bronze
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
7.61
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
For the type locality, the Empress Josephine Mine, Colorado.
Related to stützite. Compare UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1379
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1379:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
753d5ed5-1ef7-4298-b3fa-9ba910bb76bc

IMA Classification of EmpressiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1914

Classification of EmpressiteHide

2.CB.80

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
2.8.25.

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.2.6

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
2 : Sulphides etc. of Ag

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
EpsIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of EmpressiteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
light bronze
Comment:
Tarnishes darker bronze
Streak:
grey-black to black
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=135 - 151 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
7.61 g/cm3 (Measured)    7.61 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of EmpressiteHide

Anisotropism:
Strong - gray to yellowish white to grayish blue
Bireflectance:
moderate to strong
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm36.6%42.8%
440nm37.5%45.8%
480nm38.1%49.6%
520nm39.3%51.9%
560nm40.0%52.8%
600nm40.0%52.9%
640nm39.8%53.5%
680nm39.5%53.9%
700nm39.4%54.0%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 54.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
greyish white
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
gray to yellowish white to grayish blue

Chemistry of EmpressiteHide

Mindat Formula:
AgTe
Common Impurities:
Pb,Cu,Fe,S

Crystallography of EmpressiteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.90 Å, b = 20.07 Å, c = 4.62 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.443 : 1 : 0.23
Unit Cell V:
825.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Morphology:
Compact granular masses, rarely in crystals
Comment:
Space Group: Pmnb.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0003585EmpressiteBindi L, Spry P G, Cipriani C (2004) Empressite, AgTe, from the Empress-Josephine Mine, Colorado, USA: Composition, physical properties, and determination of the crystal structure American Mineralogist 89 1043-104720040293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.70 Å(100)
2.23 Å(80)
3.81 Å(60)
3.33 Å(60)
3.18 Å(50)
2.14 Å(50)
2.04 Å(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Geological Setting:
Low temperature, gold poor, hydrothermal veins

Type Occurrence of EmpressiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
compact, granular masses
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 1649.
2) Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 106761.
3) National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, R7243, 117368.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Bradley, W.M. (1914) Empressite, a new silver-tellurium mineral from Colorado. American Journal of Science: 38: 163-165.

Other Language Names for EmpressiteHide

German:Empressit
Simplified Chinese: 粒碲银矿
Spanish:Empressita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Empressite associated with SilverAg
5 photos of Empressite associated with RodalquilariteFe2(TeO2OH)3(TeO3)Cl
4 photos of Empressite associated with TelluriumTe
4 photos of Empressite associated with TelluriteTeO2
2 photos of Empressite associated with AltaitePbTe
2 photos of Empressite associated with JarositeKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
1 photo of Empressite associated with EmmonsiteFe3+2(TeO3)3 · 2H2O
1 photo of Empressite associated with PyriteFeS2
1 photo of Empressite associated with ChlorargyriteAgCl
1 photo of Empressite associated with RickarditeCu7Te5

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4Orth.
2.CB.RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.GachingiteAu(Te1-xSex)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.TolstykhiteAu3S4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.HanswilkeiteKFeS2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.AuroselenideAuSeMon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.Ruizhongite(Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
2.CB.OkruginiteCu2SnSe3Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.05aColoradoiteHgTeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aHawleyiteCdSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)STet.
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05UM1998-15-S:CuFeZnCu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aIshiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.07aShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.07aUnnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulpide)Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.10aChalcopyriteCuFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 2 2 2
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2m
2.CB.10bPutoraniteCu1.1Fe1.2S2Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pn3m
2.CB.10aRoquesiteCuInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10aUnnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10aUM1984-30-S:CuFeSnCu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10cOmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aIdaiteCu5FeS6Hex.
2.CB.15aKësterite Cu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aKuramiteCu3SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3Mon.
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15cUM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZnCu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.17a vArsenic-bearing RenieriteCu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.30Argyropyritenear Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30ColusiteCu13VAs3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.CB.30FrieseiteAg2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8Iso.
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16Tet.
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsSOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42LingbaoiteAgTe3Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45RambergiteMnSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45MaletoyvayamiteAu3Se4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.47MurchisiteCr5S6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c
2.CB.50ZincselenideZnSe
2.CB.50WassoniteTiSTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.CB.52DzhezkazganiteReMoCu2PbS6 ?Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2Orth.
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTeOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for EmpressiteHide

References for EmpressiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for EmpressiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Armenia
 
  • Kotayk Province
    • Hrazdan
Kovalenker et al. (1990)
Kovalenker et al. (2006)
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • Mt Lofty Ranges
      • South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills)
        • Williamstown
          • Barossa and Para Wirra Goldfields
            • Humbug Scrub Diggings
Griessmann (2011)
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Mittersill
        • Haidbachgraben
S.Schwabl (2016) +1 other reference
  • Styria
    • Murau District
      • Neumarkt in der Steiermark
        • Dürnstein
Auer (2019)
Bulgaria
 
  • Pazardzhik Province
    • Panagyurishte Municipality
      • Panagyurishte
Cioacă et al. (2018)
  • Sofia Province
    • Etropole Municipality
K. Bogdanov et al. (2005)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Omineca Mining Division
British Columbia Geological Survey +1 other reference
      • Lindquist Lake
Roberts (2017)
  • Ontario
    • Greater Sudbury
      • Levack Township
Ames et al. (TGI) +1 other reference
      • Maclennan Township
Ames et al. (2003)
      • Wisner Township
Péntek et al. (2013)
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Coldwell complex
Mcdonald et al. (2015)
China
 
  • Hebei
    • Chengde
      • Xinglong County
Yingfu Zhao and Zengyao Lu (2004)
  • Heilongjiang
    • Heihe
      • Aihui District
Zhai et al. (2014) +3 other references
  • Henan
    • Sanmenxia
      • Lingbao City
Chang et al. (2022)
  • Hunan
    • Chenzhou
      • Guiyang Co.
        • Huangshaping Pb-Zn-polymetallic ore field
American Mineralogist 89 +1 other reference
  • Jilin
    • Yanbian Chaoxianzu
      • Helong City
Huanchun Duan and Shirong Zhu (1997)
Fiji
 
  • Viti Levu
    • Navilawa
Clarke et al. (2023)
    • Vatukoula Gold Field (Tavua Gold Field)
      • Vatukoula
Ahmad et al. (1987) +1 other reference
Finland
 
  • Lapland
    • Sodankylä
      • Kevitsansarvi (Keivitsansarvi)
Mutanen (1997)
      • Viiankiaapa mire area
Fröhlich et al. (2021)
Greece
 
  • Central Greece
    • Euboea
      • Karystos
Voudouris et al. (2018)
  • Central Macedonia
    • Chalkidiki
      • Aristotelis
        • Kassandra mining district
McFall et al. (2016)
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Evros
      • Alexandroupoli
Repstock (2011) +1 other reference
Japan
 
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Shimoda City
      • Rendaiji
Takasu (1965) +1 other reference
Mexico
 
  • Sonora
    • Moctezuma Municipality
Marcus Origleri
Norway
 
  • Nordland
    • Fauske
      • Sulitjelma
        • Sulitjelma Copper Mines
Cook (1996)
Poland
 
  • Podlaskie Voivodeship
    • Suwałki County
Nejbert K. 2008: Mineralogy of ...
Romania
 
  • Hunedoara County
    • Brad
      • Mustari
Ciobanu et al. (2007) +3 other references
    • Certeju de Sus
www.minerals-of-the-carpathians
Russia
 
  • Bashkortostan
    • Baymaksky District
Maslennikov et al. (2013)
Michurin et al. (2024)
    • Uchalinsky District
Vinokurov et al. (2010) +2 other references
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Plastovsky District
      • Plast
        • Kochkar' District
Vikent’eva et al. (2022) +1 other reference
    • Verkhneuralsky District
      • Uzelga VHMS deposits
Maslennikov et al. (2013)
  • Murmansk Oblast
Чернявский et al. (2013)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Karpinsk Urban Okrug
Maslennikov et al. (2013)
South Korea
 
  • South Gyeongsang Province
    • Tongyeong City
Econ Geol (1990)
  • South Jeolla Province
    • Hwasun County
      • Seongsan
Choi et al. (2005)
    • Jindo County
      • Gasado Island
Choi et al. (2005)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Cuevas del Almanzora
        • Las Herrerías
Navarro et al. (2009)
Sweden
 
  • Värmland County
    • Arvika
      • Glava
Bonev et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Switzerland
 
  • Valais
    • Goms
      • Obergoms
        • Oberwald
          • Furka pass area
            • Furka
Stalder et al. (1998)
Turkey
 
  • Balikesir Province
    • Ayvalık
Oyman (2010)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • Tombstone Mining District
Williams (1980) +1 other reference
  • Colorado
    • Boulder County
      • Gold Hill Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
Thompson (1949)
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Magnolia Mining District
In the collection of Brent Thorne.
      • Sugarloaf Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Saguache County
      • Bonanza Mining District (Kerber Creek Mining District; Blake Mining District)
        • Bonanza
American Mineralogist (1930) +1 other reference
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Washington
    • Chelan County
      • Wenatchee Mining District
Lasmanis (1995)
  • Wisconsin
    • Rusk County
      • Ladysmith-Rhinelander Metavolcanic Complex
        • Ladysmith
Olson (2016)
Uzbekistan
 
  • Tashkent Region
    • Ohangaron District
Anthony et al. (1990) +4 other references
Zimbabwe
 
  • Mashonaland West
    • Chegutu District
Oberthür et al. (2003)
 
矿物 and/or 产地  
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