Fowlerite
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About Fowlerite
Dr. Samuel Fowler
Formula:
(Mn2+,Zn,Ca)SiO3
Colour:
Dark pink, red, red-brown, dark brown, brown-black
Name:
Named in 1832 by Charles Upham Shepard in honor of Dr. Samuel Fowler [October 30, 1779 Newburgh, New York, USA - February 20, 1844 Franklin, New Jersey, USA], a physician with strong interests in science and business and a US Congressman from New Jersey, 1833-1837. He enlisted the aid of all scientists he could interest in the deposits of Franklin and Sterling Hill, NJ. In 1810, he purchased Mine Hill, with a partner, in Franklin, site of the Franklin orebody. In 1818 and 1824, he acquired the Sterling Mine from the Ogden family.
First Recorded Locality:
A variety of Rhodonite
Zn- and Ca-bearing variety of rhodonite which consequently is paler pink than end-member rhodonite. Fowlerite was particularly noticed as rhodonite rarely occurred in crystals before the discovery at Franklin, New Jersey, USA. (Note: Keatingine was discredited as a synonym for rhodonite (Dana, 1892).
The end-member formula is suggested to be CaZnMn3O15 (Nelson and Griffen, 2005). Shchipalkina et al. (2019) consider fowlerite to be a potential new species.
Zn- and Ca-bearing variety of rhodonite which consequently is paler pink than end-member rhodonite. Fowlerite was particularly noticed as rhodonite rarely occurred in crystals before the discovery at Franklin, New Jersey, USA. (Note: Keatingine was discredited as a synonym for rhodonite (Dana, 1892).
The end-member formula is suggested to be CaZnMn3O15 (Nelson and Griffen, 2005). Shchipalkina et al. (2019) consider fowlerite to be a potential new species.
Classification of Fowlerite
'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
9.DK.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
K : Inosilicates with 5-periodic single chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
K : Inosilicates with 5-periodic single chains
Pronounciation of Fowlerite
Pronounciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Fowlerite
Colour:
Dark pink, red, red-brown, dark brown, brown-black
Chemical Properties of Fowlerite
Formula:
(Mn2+,Zn,Ca)SiO3
First Recorded Occurrence of Fowlerite
Other Language Names for Fowlerite
Spanish:Fowlerita
Kaetingita
Kaetingita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 9.DK. | Ferrorhodonite | CaMn3Fe[Si5O15] | Tric. 1 |
| 9.DK. | Vittinkiite | MnMn3Mn[Si5O15] | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.DK.05 | Babingtonite | Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.DK.05 | Lithiomarsturite | LiCa2Mn2Si5O14(OH) | Tric. |
| 9.DK.05 | Manganbabingtonite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)FeSi5O14(OH) | Tric. |
| 9.DK.05 | Marsturite | NaCaMn3Si5O14(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.DK.05 | Nambulite | LiMn2+4Si5O14(OH) | Tric. |
| 9.DK.05 | Natronambulite | (Na,Li)(Mn,Ca)4Si5O14OH | Tric. |
| 9.DK.05 | Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] | Tric. 1 |
| 9.DK.05 | Scandiobabingtonite | Ca2(Fe2+,Mn)ScSi5O14(OH) | Tric. |
| 9.DK.10 | Santaclaraite | CaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O | Tric. |
| 9.DK.15 | Saneroite | NaMn2+5[Si5O14(OH)](VO3)(OH) | Tric. |
| 9.DK.20 | Hellandite-(Y) | (Ca,REE)4Y2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DK.20 | Tadzhikite-(Ce) | Ca4Ce3+2Ti◻(B4Si4O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DK.20 | Mottanaite-(Ce) | Ca4(Ce,REE)Σ2Al(Be1.5◻0.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22]O2 | Mon. 2/m |
| 9.DK.20 | Ciprianiite | Ca4[(Th,U),Ca]Σ2Al(Be0.5◻1.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22](OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.DK.20 | Hellandite-(Ce) | (Ca,REE)4Ce2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Fowlerite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Ohashi, Y. and Finger, L. W. (1975) Pyroxenoids. A comparison of refined structures of rhodonite and pyroxmangite. Carnegie Institution Washington Year Book: 74: 564-569.
Liebau, F., Hilmer, W. and Lindemann, G. (1959) Über die Kristallstruktur des Rhodonits (Mn,Ca)SiO3. Acta Crystallographica: 12: 182-187.
Peacor, D.R. and Niizeki, N. (1963) The redetermination and refinement of the crystal structure of rhodonite, (Mn,Ca)SiO3. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 119, 98-116.
Momoi, H. (1964) Mineralogical study of rhodonites in Japan, with special reference to contact metamorphism. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 15, 39-63.
Ito, J. (1972) Rhodonite-pyroxmangite peritectic along the join MnSiO3-MgSiO3 in air. American Mineralogist, 57, 865-876.
Ohashi, Y. and Finger, L. W. (1975) Pyroxenoids: A comparison of refined structures of rhodonite and pyroxmangite. Carnegie Institute Washington Year Book, 74, 564-569.
Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Brown, P. E., and Winter, G. A. (1978) The crystal chemistry and petrogenesis of a magnesian rhodonite. American Mineralogist, 63, 1137ñ1142
Sapountzis, E.A. and Christofides, G. (1982) A calcium-poor rhodonite from Xanthi (N. Greece). Mineralogical Magazine, 46, 337-340.
Viswanathan, K. and Harneit, O. (1986) Lattice expansion and ionic substitution in common pyroxenoids, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 94, 238-244.
Roberts, W. L., Campbell, T. J., and Rapp, G. R. (1992) Encyclopedia of Minerals, ed. 2, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 979 p.
Pinckney, L. R. and Burnham, C. W. (1988) Effects of compositional variation on the crystal structures of pyroxmangite and rhodonite. American Mineralogist, 73, 798-808.
Livi, K. J. T. and Veblen, D. R. (1992) An analytical electron microscopy study of pyroxene-to-pyroxenoid reactions. American Mineralogist, 77, 380-390.
Nelson, Wendy R. and Griffen, Dana T. (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite (fowlerite). American Mineralogist, 90, 969-983.
Shchipalkina, N.V., Pekov, I.V., Chukanov, N.V., Biagioni, C., Pasero, M. (2019): Crystal chemistry and nomenclature of rhodonite-group minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 83, 829-835.
Internet Links for Fowlerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-11200.html
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Localities for Fowlerite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Kazakhstan | |
| Kayupova, M. M. (1963): Mineralogy of the Dzhumart iron-manganese deposit. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya, 1963 (6), 57-80.; Kayupova, M. M. (1964) Pyrosmalite from the Dzhumart and Ushkatyn Deposits, Central Kazakhstan. Translated from: Pirosmalit iz mestorozhdeniy Dzhumart i Ushkatyn v Tsentral'nom Kazakhstane. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1964, Vol. 159, No.3, pp.560-663. |
Mexico | |
| Querol, F., 1986 Internal Penoles Mineralogical Report |
USA | |
| USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10140221. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Shepard, C. U. (1832) Treatise of Mineralogy |
| Van King | |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
Franklin Mine, Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA