 | Giebel, R. Johannes, Gauert, Christoph D.K., Marks, Michael A.W., Costin, Gelu, Markl, Gregor (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 102 (6) 1218-1233 doi:10.2138/am-2017-6004 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa R. Johannes Giebel1,2,*, Christoph...250 Nelson-Mandela-Drive, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa 3 Department of Applied Geology and Geohazards...PO Box 94, Artillery Road, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa 5 Department of Earth Science, Rice University... Abstract The 2060 Ma old Palabora Carbonatite Complex (PCC), South Africa, comprises diverse REE mineral...the PCC as well as in a carbonatite complex in South Africa. The variable REE mineral assemblages reflect |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | University] at 05:17 17 August 2017 of PALABORA Limpopo Province South Africa MALCOLM SOUTHWOOD 7 Campbell Court...Gauteng Johannesburg, South Africa brucec@uj.ac.za A Figure 1. The abandoned Palabora open pit, photographed...bottom of the pit 300 meters below sea level. The Palabora* Igneous Complex (PIC) is located some 450 kilometers...kilometers northeast of Johannesburg in Limpopo Province, South Africa, just below the Tropic of Capricorn...and vermiculite from the complex. In 1956 the Palabora Mining Company was set up to develop the large |  | | Catalog/List | | Posjnadcit< II:. langitc,Main S1ope. DmkMine. Gunnosloke.ComwallScoley sky blue drusc on killns...RefMine. Gwinear.C omwnll fa RWD C:indlc wax ltke growihs...Reference example Ml £8 9.MMine. GuMislakc.Com-.nll Quanz rich wAf...reference sample M £20 20.Cassitcriic \:ls,.Polberro Mine. St Agnes. Cornwall ,\nrncti\C lus1rous cquan1 c...specimen.Ml £25 22.Goctlu1c,Rcs1orrncl Royal Iron Mine. Lost,\lth1el.C omwall Rich bot')oidal i:oc1h11e |  | Wu, Fu-Yuan, Yang, Yue-Heng, Li, Qiu-Li, Mitchell, Roger H., Dawson, J. Barry, Brandl, Günther, Yuhara, Masaki (2011) In situ determination of U–Pb ages and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Phalaborwa carbonatite Complex, South Africa. Lithos, 127 (1) 309-322 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2011.09.005 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | constraints on the petrogenesis of the Phalaborwa carbonatite Complex, South Africa Fu-Yuan Wu a,⁎, Yue-Heng Yang...Council for Geoscience, Limpopo Unit, P.O. Box 620, Polokwane 0700, South Africa e Department of Earth...Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes Carbonatite Phalaborwa a b s t r a c t The Phalaborwa carbonatite Complex, situated...situated in the northeastern part of South Africa, is characterized by copper and zirconium mineralization,...emplaced. In contrast to other carbonatites, the Phalaborwa Complex is characterized by high initial Sr and |  | Neave, David A., Black, Martin, Riley, Teal R., Gibson, Sally A., Ferrier, Graham, Wall, Frances, Broom-Fendley, Sam (2016) On the Feasibility of Imaging Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Element Deposits Using Remote Sensing. Economic Geology, 111 (3) 641-665 doi:10.2113/econgeo.111.3.641 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Germany, Mount Weld in Australia, and Phalaborwa in South Africa. Carbonatites from Tororo and Sukulu...Panda Hill Chilwa Island, Songwe & Tundulu Phalaborwa Jacupiranga −30˚ −180˚ 60˚ Fen 0˚ −60˚...Pass, and Mount Weld represent currently active REE mine sites and are labeled in a larger font. order to...pyrochlore, Qz = quartz, St = strontianite 2 BM 1 Collection East and South Africa Kangankunde, Tundulu, Songwe...phlogopite, Pyr = pyrochlore, Qz = quartz, and St = strontianite. 1965). While igneous rocks from these complexes |  | Rampilova, Maria, Doroshkevich, Anna, Viladkar, Shrinivas, Zubakova, Elizaveta (2021) Mineralogy of Dolomite Carbonatites of Sevathur Complex, Tamil Nadu, India. Minerals, 11 (4) 355 doi:10.3390/min11040355 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | primary minerals. They are indicative of Na, Sr, Mg, Ba, and LREE enrichment in their parental carbonatitic...alteration of pyrochlore into hydropyrochlore, and Ba-enrichment. Also, it leads to formation of monazite-(Ce)...present new mineralogical data on the Sevathur Nb-Ba-REE minerals because little information on many of...synthetic and natural minerals: SiO2 (O,Si), BaF2 (F,Ba), NaAlSi3 O8 (Na), MgCaSi2 O6 (Mg,Ca), Al2 O3 (Al)...0.11 apfu Mn 0.02 Mg 0.90 Ca 0.97 Sr b.d. Na b.d. Ba b.d. La b.d. Ce b.d. Pr b.d. Nd b.d. Component FeO |  | | Catalog/List | | with admixed Celsian and Bementite from Benallt Mine, Wales. Chocolate brown massive, with minor rock...good display 16. STRONTIANITE rich greenish yellow with white Barytes Whitesmith Mine Strontian Scotland...collected in the J960's Bjordammen, near Kragero South Norway A) large 3x2 £20 B) lesser piece 2x2.5 £12...small magnetite crystals too. Palabora Pit Phalaborwa Transvaal South Africa large lx2 £12 25. RUIZITE fairly...sparse red-brown coating on 2x2 matrix Christmas Mine, Gila County Arizona USA £12 26. SPHALERITE lustrous |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | carbonatites and phoscorites from Sokli, Siilinjärvi, Phalaborwa, Jacupiranga and Fen, which contain Mg-rich calcites...discrete Sr minerals and REE minerals such as strontianite, bastnäsite, monazite, etc., were therefore...Russel et al., 1954; Zaitsev & Bell, 1995) from Phalaborwa (PA3) and Sokli (SO2), and a glimmerite from...during emplacement (Zhabin, 1978). Sövites from Phalaborwa and Siilinjärvi contained irregular exsolutions... Apatite sövite Söve Mine, Fen, Norway FE5 Apatite sövite Söve Mine, Fen, Norway AL1 Pegmatitic |  | Kozlov, Evgeniy, Fomina, Ekaterina, Sidorov, Mikhail, Shilovskikh, Vladimir, Bocharov, Vladimir, Chernyavsky, Alexey, Huber, Miłosz (2020) The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry. Minerals, 10 (1) 73 doi:10.3390/min10010073 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | REE (up to 2.0 wt. %), Sr (up to 1.2 wt. %), and Ba (up to 0.8 wt. %). These carbonatites underwent several...crystallization of apatite in the carbonatites. A sulfate-rich Ba–Sr–rare-earth elements (REE) fluid (probably brine-melt)...ancylite and baryte and, to a lesser extent, strontianite, bastnäsite, and synchysite. Varieties of carbonatite...ancylite-dominant. The influence of sulfate-rich Ba-Sr-REE fluid on the apatite-bearing rocks resulted...quartz-bastnäsite matrixes were formed. Simultaneously, strontianite, quartz, calcite, monazite, HREE-rich thorite |  | | Report (issue) | | pod et Map of fenitized rocks at the Vermiculite mine, showing sample localities and radioactivity anomaly...site of limited mining sin°.e the 1880's. The Gem mine, which consists of a group of shallow workings at...old vermiculite mine in the central part of the complex (called the Vermiculite mine in this report)...report) and the Niles mine at the west edge of the complex produced a combined total of somewhat less than 3...magnetite ore was scraped from the surface at the south border of the complex but the amount recovered and |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Sulfides from the carbonatite of the Phalaborwa Complex, South Africa, exhibit only minor variations in...area of approximately 100 km2, situated ca. 7.5 km south of the border between Angola and Namibia (Fig. 1)...(Drüppel 2003, Drüppel et al. 2005). Flow-banding and local magmatic folding are common structures of these...accompanied by subhedral barite and anhedral strontianite, localized in the interstices between large...precursor ferrocarbonatite and late-stage, REE-, Ba- and Sr-rich fluids. Magnetite is the dominant mineral |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | distribution of large-ion lithophile elements (LILE = Sr, Ba and Pb) in rock-forming carbonates also shows trends...effects (e.g., concomitant depletion in Ba + Pb at Aley, or Sr + Ba at Kerimasi), although the phases responsible... the reported contents of such heavy elements as Ba or lanthanides were measured by electron- microprobe...calcite (Ca0.80Sr0.12 Mg0.08)CO3 and Ca-rich strontianite (Sr0.57Ca0.40 Mg0.03)CO3 (ibid.); note that...(carbonatites): Na 155 ppm [4] MnO 3.55 wt.% MnO [16] SrO Y Ba Lnb Selected element ratios (range): Y/Ho (La/Yb)cn |  | | Book (edition) | | Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Angola and South-West Africa, i.a. Carbonatites are now the major sources...Canada Brazil Greenland, Europe, and the U.S.S.R. Africa India APPENDICES REFERENCES LOCALITY INDEX SUBJECT...Society of South Africa and C. A. Strauss and F. C. Truter (1950A) : Geological Society of South Africa and...Society of South Africa and R. L. Johnson (1961) 6-12: Geological Society of South Africa and R. L. Johnson... Figure Figure 10-1: Geological Society of South Africa and S.J. Shand (1921A) 10-5: American Journal |  | | Report (volume) | | iSP:~.,~r of'Atrica Fluorspar Resources of Africa By RALPH E. VAN ALSTINE and PAUL G. SCHRUBEN GEOLOGICAL...resources of Africa. (Geological Survey bulletin ; 1487) Bibliography: p. 1. Fluorspar-Africa. I. Schruben...17 18 18 21 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Map of Africa showing the location of fluorspar and carbonatite...1 . Comparison of fluorspar production from South Africa with total African fluorspar production, 1918-76...16 TABLES Page TABLE 1. 2. 3. 4. Fluorite in Africa------------------------------------------Selected |  | Vrublevskii, V.V., Bukharova, O.V., Nebera, T.S., Sveshnikova, V.L. (2019) Composition and origin of rare-metal (Nb–Ta, REE) and sulfide mineralization in magnesiocarbonatites from the Yenisei Ridge, Central Siberia. Ore Geology Reviews, 111. 102949 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.102949 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | cebaite, and ancylite), as well as secondary phases (Sr-Ba pyrochlore, ferrocolumbite, fersmite, and Fe and...formation of skeletal crystals (Figs. 6a, b; 7h, i). Sr-Ba pyrochlore varieties, as well as ferrocolumbite and...sites of later Nb-bearing minerals among which Sr–Ba pyrochlore (pyrochlore III), ferrocolumbite and fersmite...TiO2). Weathered carbonatites likewise store Sr and Ba pyrochlore with up to 72–73 wt.% Nb2O5 and 1 wt....province (Kovdor and Khibiny plutons) and South Africa (Palabora pluton) (Rudashevsky et al., 1995; Bulakh |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | (Brandberg and Erongo) related to the opening of the South Atlantic and the Paraná–Etendeka large igneous province...exceptionally well-preserved Kruidfontein and Goudini in South Africa, Mount Weld and Gifford Creek ferrocarbonatite...many of the non-carbonatitic complexes of southern Africa (Woolley, 2001; Woolley and Kjarsgaard, 2008)....carbonatites from Namibia (Brandberg, Erongo), South Africa (Kruidfontein, Goudini), Western Australia (Mount...B, F), REE and LILE incompatible elements (P, Zr, Ba, Nb, U, Th, Sn, Ta and W) (Bailey et al., 1974; Bailey |  | Cangelosi, Delia, Broom-Fendley, Sam, Banks, David, Morgan, Daniel, Yardley, Bruce (2020) Light rare earth element redistribution during hydrothermal alteration at the Okorusu carbonatite complex, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (1) 49-64 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.54 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | assemblages. In unaltered carbonatite, REE, Sr and Ba are largely hosted by calcite and fluorapatite. However...dominant REE host, while Ba and Sr are hosted in baryte, celestine, strontianite and witherite. Hydrothermal...fractionation or addition from an external source. Ba and Sr released during alteration were mainly reprecipitated...also be hosted in burbankite [(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ca,REE,Ba)3(CO3)5] which commonly forms in a magmatic environment...Tristan da Cunha hot spot and the opening of the South Atlantic (Milner et al., 1995). Okorusu has been |  | | Catalog/List | | ALMANDINE Brastad iron Mine near Arendal ,Norway 87 ■ BERYL Evje area . South Norway Rich fine grained...- -1111 ALMANDINE Epteland, Evje-lveland area, South Norway 164 BERYL Kolsva, Vastmanland Sweden Rich...ANALCITE Bratthagen, near Larvik South Norway 1086 CALCITE Landsverk, Evje, South Norway Unusual rich yellow...··•··· --- -- . 168 ANORTHOCLASE Ula, near Larvik, South Norway 129 CHROMITE Kemi Finland Feldspar group...---·-··----·------ ·- - ---27 ANTHOPHYLLITE Kaveltorp Mine Sweden 1008 CHRYSOBERYL Kolsva. Vastmanland Sweden |  | Kruk, Mikhail Nikolaevich, Doroshkevich, Anna Gennadievna, Prokopyev, Ilya Romanovich, Izbrodin, Ivan Aleksandrovich (2021) Mineralogy of Phoscorites of the Arbarastakh Complex (Republic of Sakha, Yakutia, Russia) Minerals, 11 (6) 556 doi:10.3390/min11060556 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | enriched in Mg, and the phlogopite is enriched in Ba and Al. Of the accessory minerals, pyrochlore predominates...the melt that formed the FOS 2 was enriched in Al, Ba, Nb, Ta, Th, U, and, to a lesser extent, Sr. 2021...located around or in carbonatite cores—for example, Palabora Carbonatite Complex [13] and Kovdor Complex [7]...in Ba (Al-Ba-Phl 1) compared to the edge (Al-Ba Phl 2), the whole grain is enriched in Al and Ba; (c)...insignificant and varies from 0.015 to 0.05 apfu. The Ba, Mg, Cl, and S concentrations are either below the |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Ridge, Carbon Hill, Taylor Ridge, and Taylor Ridge South (Fig. 1). The total measured and indicated resource...Carbon Hill (C), Taylor Ridge (T), and Taylor Ridge South (TS). Dashed gray box shows the region detailed...area in 1972 with the objective of exploring for Palabora-type, carbonatite-hosted Cu mineralization (c...Molycorp (then the operator of the Mountain Pass Mine in California) as a joint venture (JV) partner....Limited Newmont acquired a small land package in the district and drilled 10 reverse circulation (RC) holes |  | | Catalog/List | | ~014_ _ 88 ADAMITE Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Mexico 69 ALUMOHYDROCALCITE South Bay, Scarborough Yorkshire...Mount Malosa, Zomba District, Malawi 1073 AMBL YGONITE Eitarama,Ruanda, Central Africa Rich mass of black...Quebec, Can 1098 ANALCITE Bratthagen, near Larvik South Norway Rich fibrous pale grey-brown mass. Unusual...- - --··---- - - - - - · . 767 AJOITE Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona USA 17 ANAL CITE Talisker...North Sweden 501 ALLOPHANE New East Whcal Russell mine, Devon ,England variety VIRIDINE (Mangan rich variety) |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | dikes and are enriched in rare elements; Sr, Nb, REE, Ba, Zr, and Ta. Carbonatite complexes occur mainly in...canoes at Elgon, Napak, Rangwa, and Bunyaruguru in Africa). However, formations of medium scale predominate...Oldoinyo Lengai, Toror, Jombo, Hanang, and Burko in Africa). The volcanoes always include tuffs and agglomerates...melilitites and melanephelinites (the Eastern Rift in Africa), which are sometimes enriched in K2O (containing...complexes of various ages are known: Proterozoic in Africa, India, Greenland, Finland, and the Ukraine, Early |  | | Catalog/List | | massive with minor Celsian and Bementite from Benallt Mine, Lleyn, Wales, (Recently tested by XRD) lxl £4 lx2...£15 £6 88 ADAMITE Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Mexico 1036 ALSTONITE Fallowfield Mine, Northumberland Colourless... £6 BaCa .C0/3 2 AEGIRINE Mount Malosa, Zomba District, Malawi 975 ALTHAUSITE Modum, Buskerud,Norway...x2 £ 1.50 2x2 £3 Al SO/4 767 ■ AJOITE Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona USA 14 ALUMINITE Railway cutting...Lepidocrocite. 3mm £3 FeO"OH Cl 69 ALUMOHYDROCALCITE South Bay, Scarborough Yorkshire A rare British mineral |  | | Catalog/List | | £10 2x2 £15 Ix! £3 lx2 £6 I · 88 ADAMITE Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Mexico Colourless to yellow small crystals...lx½£5 ZnAs0/4 2 AEGIRINE Mount Malosa, Zomba District, Malawi Rich mass ofblnck crystal sections ,on...£10 2x3 £15 Na Ca SiO F 7fJ 7 ■ AJOITE Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona USA Blue veinlets in matrix...F OH 2x2 £10 -------------------------Keystone, South Dakota U.S.A. 16 AMBLYGONITE Pure grey cleavable...LiNaAIP0/4FOH 1098 ANALCITE Bratthagen, near Larvik South Norway Unusual rich yellow vitreous mass in Syenite |  | | Book | | A CHANGING PLANET 11 Vanadinite, San Carlos district, Chihuahua, Mexico * 8 x 4 x 2 cm Mineral Species...ct RIGHT: Round brilliant-cut white diamonds, South Africa and Canada « 2.00 ct and 3.06 ct leaves the...for cutting other minerals. Tale, Mpumalanga, South Africa * 19 x 6 x 83cm Hardness 1 Hardness 4 Talc...Hardness 10 Quartz Diamond Diamond, Kimberley, South Africa * 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm | 19 MINERALS: PRODUCTS...mineral pigments. LEFT: Malachite, Bwana M’Kubwa Mine, Ndola, Copperbelt, Zambia * 22 x 26 x 16 cm 22 |
|
