 | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | REVIEW Assessing rare earth element mineral deposit types and links to environmental impacts Z. H. Weng*1...modest scale of the global REE mining sector means that the REE mineral deposit type knowledge base is small...classification scheme for differing REE mineral deposit types, outline the geological processes that cause...on the environmental impact associated with REE mining, extraction and processing. Although current global...mineralogy is linked to environmental risks during mining and refining, especially aspects such as radioactive |  | Campbell, L. S., Compston, W., Sircombe, K. N., Wilkinson, C. C. (2014) Zircon from the East Orebody of the Bayan Obo Fe–Nb–REE deposit, China, and SHRIMP ages for carbonatite-related magmatism and REE mineralization events. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 168 (2) doi:10.1007/s00410-014-1041-3 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Zircon from the East Orebody of the Bayan Obo Fe–Nb–REE deposit, China, and SHRIMP ages for carbonatite‑related...banded ores in the East Orebody of the Bayan Obo REE–Nb–Fe deposit are presented, with mineral compositions...presence of xenotime are attributable to reactive, mineralizing fluid compositions enriched in Y, REE and...rim zircon is characteristic for this mineral deposit and is indicative of a persistent common source...spectroscopy · Carbonatites Introduction The Bayan Obo Fe–Nb–REE-ore deposit was first known in the early twentieth |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | the minerals euxenite [(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th) (Ti,Nb,Ta)2O6] and gadolinite [(Ce,La,Nd,Y)2FeBe2Si2O10]. Scandium...referred to as Landsverk 3, in the Iveland-Evje district north of Kristiansand in Norway. The mineral was...accompanied by other REE minerals, notably gadolinite-(Y), and fluorite. Although the Baveno granites and their...ilmenorutile. For example, in the Iveland-Evje district (Norway), the scandium content of ilmenite in... Zirconolite [(Ca,Ce)Zr(Ti,Fe,Nb)2O7] in this deposit contains 208 ppm Sc, on average (Kalashnikov et |  | | Report (issue) | | ............................................O4 China..............................................................................................O7 Deposit Types......................................................O10 O3. Active rare-earth mines, by deposit type.............................................reported estimates of their REE resources, by deposit type. ...........................................0.03527 0.03215075 32.15075 2.205 1.102 0.9842 Deposit grade 0.0291667 Pressure 10 10,000 Density 62.4220 |  | Smith, M.P., Moore, K., Kavecsánszki, D., Finch, A.A., Kynicky, J., Wall, F. (2016) From mantle to critical zone: A review of large and giant sized deposits of the rare earth elements. Geoscience Frontiers, 7 (3) 315-334 doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2015.12.006 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | total rare earth oxide, but the importance of a deposit may be related to the grade for individual, or...total REE resource, only one currently known deposit (Bayan Obo) would class as giant (>1.7×107 tonnes contained...unclassified resource estimates from the Olympic Dam IOCG deposit, all of these deposits M AN U are related to...of some of the largest deposits AC C (e.g. Bayan Obo). Hydrothermal activity involving fluids from...Rare earth elements; Carbonatite; Syenite; Giant deposit; Grade 1. Introduction The rare earth elements |  | Neave, David A., Black, Martin, Riley, Teal R., Gibson, Sally A., Ferrier, Graham, Wall, Frances, Broom-Fendley, Sam (2016) On the Feasibility of Imaging Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Element Deposits Using Remote Sensing. Economic Geology, 111 (3) 641-665 doi:10.2113/econgeo.111.3.641 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | and magnesio-carbonatites. REE ores from the Bayan Obo (China) and Mountain Pass (United States) mines,...as the relatively extensive Bayan Obo and Mountain Pass deposits in China and the United States, respectively...properties correlate with REE grade? Second, do deposit lithology and mineralogy affect the ability to...samples from currently active REE mines (Bayan Obo in China, Mountain Pass in the United States, and...from exploration projects with significant future mining potential (Ilímaussaq in Greenland). The reflectance |  | Cheng, Zhiguo, Zhang, Zhaochong, Aibai, Abulimiti, Kong, Weiliang, Holtz, Francois (2018) The role of magmatic and post-magmatic hydrothermal processes on rare-earth element mineralization: A study of the Bachu carbonatites from the Tarim Large Igneous Province, NW China. Lithos, 314. 71-87 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2018.05.023 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | carbonatites from the Tarim large Igneous Province, NW China Zhiguo Cheng, Zhaochong Zhang, Abulimiti Aibai...carbonatites from the Tarim large Igneous Province, NW China. (2018), doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2018.05.023 This...carbonatites from the Tarim Large Igneous Province, NW China Zhiguo Cheng1 , Zhaochong Zhang1,* , Abulimiti Aibai1...and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 2 Institutfür Mineralogie...isotopes of the Bachu carbonatites, NW SC RI P T China. The Bachu carbonatites are composed predominantly |  | Ying, Yuancan, Chen, Wei, Lu, Jue, Jiang, Shao-Yong, Yang, Yueheng (2017) In situ U–Th–Pb ages of the Miaoya carbonatite complex in the South Qinling orogenic belt, central China. Lithos, 290. 159-171 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2017.08.003 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | complex in the South Qinling orogenic belt, central China Yuancan Ying, Wei Chen, Jue Lu, Shao-Yong Jiang...complex in the South Qinling orogenic belt, central China, LITHOS (2017), doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2017.08.003...the South Qinling IP T orogenic belt, central China SC R Yuancan Ying1, Wei Chen*1, Jue Lu1, Shao-Yong...Strategic Mineral Resources, MA China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China 430074 2. State Key Laboratory...Sciences, TE D Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093 3. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | is host to the Ashram Rare Earth Element (REE) Deposit, occurs within the Eldor Carbonatite Complex, Québec...The principal REE-bearing minerals of the Ashram Deposit are monazite-(Ce) and monazite-(Nd), with lesser...characterized by the presence of apatite, phlogopite, xenotime, diverse Sc- and Snbearing Nb-Ti-minerals (niobian...A-type granitoids. The mineralogy of the Ashram Deposit, compared to that of other carbonatites associated...NYF-type Nb-Ti oxide assemblage (especially xenotime, Y-Nb-aeschynite, samarskite), phlogopite-potassium |  | Louvel, Marion, Bordage, Amélie, Testemale, Denis, Zhou, Li, Mavrogenes, John (2015) Hydrothermal controls on the genesis of REE deposits: Insights from an in situ XAS study of Yb solubility and speciation in high temperature fluids (T < 400 °C) Chemical Geology, 417. 228-237 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.10.011 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; E-Mail: zhouli_prc@hotmail.com PT E D * Author...in magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Keywords: REE deposit; Ytterbium; solubility; speciation; hydrothermal...industrial demand for rare earth elements (REE: La to Lu, +Y and Sc), especially for PT developing green energy...energy and high technology sectors relies on the mining industry’s capacity to identify rare metal ore deposits...pyrochlore or more complex minerals such as euxenite ((Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6) or MA N catapleiite (Na2Zr(Si3O9) |  | Feng, Meng, Xu, Cheng, Kynicky, Jindrich, Zeng, Liang, Song, Wenlei (2016) Rare earth element enrichment in Palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from the North China block. International Geology Review, 58 (15) 1940-1950 doi:10.1080/00206814.2016.1193774 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from the North China block Meng Feng, Cheng Xu, Jindrich Kynicky, Liang...Palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from the North China block, International Geology Review, DOI: 10.1080/00206814...Palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from the North China block Meng Fenga, Cheng Xua, Jindrich Kynickyb,...and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; bDepartment of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University...metasomatism in Fengzhen carbonatites in the North China block is reported in this study. REE minerals (monazite |  | Ying, Yuan-Can, Chen, Wei, Simonetti, Antonio, Jiang, Shao-Yong, Zhao, Kui-Dong (2020) Significance of hydrothermal reworking for REE mineralization associated with carbonatite: Constraints from in situ trace element and C-Sr isotope study of calcite and apatite from the Miaoya carbonatite complex (China). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 280. 340-359 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.028 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | and apatite from the Miaoya carbonatite complex (China) Yuan-Can Ying, Wei Chen, Antonio Simonetti, Shao-Yong...Please cite this article as: Ying, Y-C., Chen, W., Simonetti, A., Jiang, S-Y., Zhao, K-D., Significance of...and apatite from the Miaoya carbonatite complex (China), Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2020), doi: https://doi...and apatite from the Miaoya carbonatite complex (China) 4 5 Yuan-Can Ying1, Wei Chen1*, Antonio Simonetti2...of Earth 8 Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China 9 10 11 12 2. Department |  | Benaouda, Rachid, Kraemer, Dennis, Sitnikova, Maria, Goldmann, Simon, Freitag, Ralf, Bouali, Abdelhafid, Mouttaqi, Abdellah, El Haloui, Rachid, Essaadaoui, Mustapha, Bau, Michael (2020) Thorium-poor monazite and columbite-(Fe) mineralization in the Gleibat Lafhouda carbonatite and its associated iron-oxide-apatite deposit of the Ouled Dlim Massif, South Morocco. Gondwana Research, 77. 19-39 doi:10.1016/j.gr.2019.06.011 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | carbonatite and its associated iron-oxide-apatite deposit of the Ouled Dlim Massif, South Morocco Rachid...carbonatite and its associated iron-oxide-apatite deposit of the Ouled Dlim Massif, South Morocco, Gondwana...carbonatite and its associated iron-oxide-apatite deposit of the Ouled Dlim Massif, South Morocco Rachid...mineralization, recognized here as iron-oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit type. The Gleibat Lafhouda intrusion is hosted...lP re -p ro of Keywords: Carbonatite; IOA deposit; REE mineralization; Columbite; Reguibat Shield |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | study of the solubility of monazite-(La) and xenotime-(Y) in H2O-Na-K-Cl-F-CO2 fluids at 800 °C and 0.5...of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry...Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian...online 13 September 2016 Keywords: REE deposit Monazite Xenotime Solubility Hydrothermal fluids Synthetic...Solubilities of synthetic monazite-(La) and xenotime-(Y) end-members in such fluids were determined at |  | Nedosekova, Irina, Vladykin, Nikolay, Udoratina, Oksana, Belyatsky, Boris (2021) Ore and Geochemical Specialization and Substance Sources of the Ural and Timan Carbonatite Complexes (Russia): Insights from Trace Element, Rb–Sr, and Sm–Nd Isotope Data. Minerals, 11 (7) 711 doi:10.3390/min11070711 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | with carbonatites: Mountain Pass (USA) and Bayun-Obo (China) provide more than half of the world production...this type of carbonatite: the giant Nb-REE Tomtor deposit (Yakutia); large Nb–P deposits in Eastern Siberia—White...(East Sayan province); the Nb–REE Chuktukonskoe deposit (Chadobetsky Uplift); the Nb–Ta–P Neske-Vaara (Kola...Maoniuping (Qinling and Mianning-Dechang orogenic belts, China [11,17–19]). In the Russian territory, such complexes...Russia where mining was carried out. The carbonatite origin and associated rare metal deposit sources are |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | (Wall et al., 2008), and the giant 3 Bayan Obo deposit in China (Smith et al., 2000). In addition to...of crystal structures, including the tetragonal xenotime (space group I4/amd) and the monoclinic monazite...powders were crystallized in the anhydrous monazite/xenotime structure, or in their hydrated forms. Hydrothermal...synthetic solids used in their experiments. A La, Ce, and Y phosphate synthesis study by Lucas et al. (2004) has...et al. (2015), where mm-sized crystals with the xenotime tetragonal structure were used for hydrothermal |  | Migdisov, A., Williams-Jones, A.E., Brugger, J., Caporuscio, F.A. (2016) Hydrothermal transport, deposition, and fractionation of the REE: Experimental data and thermodynamic calculations. Chemical Geology, 439. 13-42 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.06.005 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | . . . . . 3.2.3. REE phosphates (monazite and xenotime) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.4. REE fluorocarbonates.... . . 1. Introduction Rare earth elements (REE; Y and 14 elements from La to Lu) are metals that are...production is restricted largely to a single country (China) and their supply is therefore vulnerable, the REE...hydrothermal origin, such as the giant Bayan Obo REE deposit in China (e.g., Chao et al., 1992; Smith et...the ores of the largest of known REE deposit, Bayan Obo, China, are interpreted to have formed at temperatures |  | Steffenssen, Georg, Müller, Axel, Munnik, Frans, Friis, Henrik, Erambert, Muriel, Kristoffersen, Magnus, Rosing-Schow, Nanna (2020) Unusual scandium enrichments of the Tørdal pegmatites, south Norway. Part I: Garnet as Sc exploration pathfinder. Ore Geology Reviews, 126. 103729pp. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103729 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | granitic pegmatites, making them a specific Sc deposit type. The amphibolitic host rocks of the Tørdal...enrichments in Sc as well as other rare metals, such as Be, Y, Sn, Li and Mo (e.g. Bergstøl and Juve, 1988; Juve...Sc-Al-alloys. Currently, the Bayan Obo carbonatite-related REE deposit in China is the major producer of...Fe-Ti, U, REE, and apatite ore deposits, such as Bayan Obo, Zhovti Vody in Ukraine, and Kovdor and Tomtor...are in the range of 100 to 150 µg/g. The Bayan Obo deposit produces about 15 t Sc annually (c. 90% of |  | Nazari-Dehkordi, Teimoor, Spandler, Carl, Oliver, Nicholas H. S., Wilson, Robin (2020) Age, geological setting, and paragenesis of heavy rare earth element mineralization of the Tanami region, Western Australia. Mineralium Deposita, 55 (1) 107-130 doi:10.1007/s00126-019-00878-4 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | numerous orebodies distributed across a large district of the Tanami region of central Australia, close...The orebodies consist predominantly of quartz, xenotime, and minor florencite and occur along steeply...anhydrite, and pyrite. In situ U–Pb dating of xenotime from several deposits/prospects yielded an age...sedimentary basins. Keywords Rare earth elements . Xenotime . Unconformity . Isotopic dating . Tanami region...supplies come from a single orebody, the Bayan Obo REE–Nb–Fe deposit, China; this restricted source represents |  | Kozlov, Evgeniy, Fomina, Ekaterina, Sidorov, Mikhail, Shilovskikh, Vladimir, Bocharov, Vladimir, Chernyavsky, Alexey, Huber, Miłosz (2020) The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry. Minerals, 10 (1) 73 doi:10.3390/min10010073 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry...published Brazilfocus [10,11], Canada [12–17], China India [39–42], Italy have [43,44], Malawi [45–51]...carbonatites) Angola [5,6], Australia [7–9], Brazil Mongolia [52,53], [54–56], New Zealand [57], Norwayin[58]...South Africa [65,66], [10,11], Canada [12–17], China [18–37], Finland [38], India [39–42], Italy [43...well as reviews (e.g., [74–76]). Importantly, Mongolia [52,53], Namibia New Zealand Norway [58], Russia |  | Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | fluorite [73], iron and pyrochlore [74], with many mining exploration operations currently in process. Pyrochlore...ZrSiO4 (Zr, Lα, PETL), Hf (Hf, Lβ, LIFH) and YAG (Y, Lα, PETL). 4. The Structure and Lithology of the...and apatite-amphibole xenoliths constitutes the inner core; this core is surrounded by an external rim...spheroid. Inner rim with (Zrc) and finally by baddeleyite (Bdy); (c) BG-6j. Aillikite spheroid. Inner rim with...and Nb enrichments in external rims but also in inner cores (Figure 6d). 5.2.5. Alnöite Spheroids Spherical |  | Pekov, I. V., Chukanov, N. V., Kononkova, N. N., Yakubovich, O. V., Massa, W., Voloshin, A. V. (2009) Tveitite-(Y) and REE-enriched fluorite from amazonite pegmatites of the Western Keivy, Kola Peninsula, Russia: Genetic crystal chemistry of natural Ca,REE-fluorides. Geology of Ore Deposits, 51 (7) 595-607 doi:10.1134/s1075701509070083 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | MINERALS AND PARAGENESES OF MINERALS Tveitite-(Y) and REE-Enriched Fluorite from Amazonite Pegmatites...Institute Received February 13, 2007 Abstract—Tveitite-(Y) as pods up to 10 cm across has been found at Mt....pegmatite vein related to alkaline granite. Tveitite-(Y) grains (up to 4 cm) are parallel microintergrowths...3) is (Y, Na)6(Ca, LREE)6(Ca, Na, HREE)6 (Ca, Na)F42; the simplified formula is (Ca, REE, Na)13(Y, Na)6F42;...are abbreviated in this paper as Ln, whereas Ln + Y as REE]. Nine fluorite samples containing from 0 to |  | | Book (edition) | | cover photo: Ottensite, 35 111111, Qinglong dist., China Fluomatromicrolite, x 25111111, Naipa mine, Mozambique...Zarshouran Au-As deposit, Takab region, Iran Grandviewite, 5 111111, Capillitas deposit, Argentina Calciopetersite...reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced by a~y mecl~~nical, photographi~, or electronic ~rocess_...province prefecture county departement departamento district municipio...77, 5.83, a,p,y = 89°06', 89°54', 91°30'; pseudohexagonal a,b,c = 23.6, 3.6, 6.2, a,p,y= 91°, 92°, 90° |  | | Book | | in southwestern Arizona. When used with a town or city this designation indicates the direction in which...Just, Perth, Australia; Richard Thomssen, Carson City, Nevada, USA; Peter Embrey, London, England; Jessie...T1 Th Sn Ti TiOx WO4 WO3 W WOx u UOx UO2 V VOx Yb Y Zn Zr No. 162 109 17 12 15 1337 91 422 429 424 50...535. See also Rynersonite, Vigezzite, Aeschynite-(Y), Niobo-aeschynite-(Ce). Aeschynite-(Nd), (Nd, Ce...Ca)(Ti,Nb)2(0,0H)6, dark/light brown. Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. 0 Syst=? Adamantine H= 5-6, Djjj= |  | | Book | | Royal Ontario Museum collection Muscovite and Xenotime / Earth Sciences Museum, University of Waterloo...( ew ‘ )) AT “EL aye ia a ae daaYepAoNpte Nee Y ; Limonite, Eldorado, Ontario, Canada Preface here... Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Ay y* Celtic Anatolian oa \ “6 y< Hellenic & West vis\ Germanic...nebh-ela, cloud Gk. nephele, cloud nepheline / y Romance languages Greek Middle English ca.! 100-1500...Férh. 13, 781. Moore, Forms series with aeschynite-(Y) and niobo- P.B. (1968): Arkiv Mineral. Geol. 4, |
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