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Burundi | |
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| Berger, Vladimir I., Singer, Donald A., Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models . Open-File Report 2009-1139. U.S. Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr20091139
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Thoreau, J., Aderca, B. M., & Van Wambeke, L. (1958). Le gisement de terres rares de la Karonge, Urundi. Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 4, 684-718. |
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| Kurtanjek, M. P., & Tandy, B. C. (1989). The igneous phosphate deposits of Matongo-Bandaga, Burundi. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 262-266).
Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Makutu, M. N. (1985). Un inventaire des complexes anorogéniques du Burundi, du Ruanda et du Zaïre. Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983), 3(1-2), 169-174. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(85)90034-X
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Tack, L., De Paepe, P., Deutsch, S., & Liégeois, J. P. (1984). The alkaline plutonic complex of the Upper Ruvubu (Burundi): geology, age, isotopic geochemistry and implications for the regional geology of the Western Rift. In Géologie africaine (pp. 91-114).
Tack, L., & De Paepe, P. (1983). Le volcanisme du Sud-Kivu dans le nord de la plaine de la Rusizi au Burundi et ses relations avec les formations géologiques avoisinantes. Rapport Annuel du Departement de Geologie et de Mineralogie du Musee Rayal de l'Afrique Central Annees 1981 et 1982, Tervuren, Belgique, 137-145.
TACK, L., & PAEPE, D. (1981). LE MASSIF INTRUSIF DE SYENITES FOIDALES DE LA HAUTE-RUVUKU, BURUNDI. Rapport Annuel pour l'annee 1980 du Department de Geologie et de Mineralogie du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, 173-178.
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| www.portergeo.com.au (2017) http://www.portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn1523 |
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Ethiopia | |
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| Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
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Di Paola, G. M. (1976). Geological Map of the Tullu MojeVolcanic Area (Arusi: Ethiopian Rift valley). 1: 75,000 Scale. Laboratorio di Geocronologia e Geochimica isotopica, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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Kenya | |
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| Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0
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Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
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| Rosatelli, G., Wall, F., Le Bas, M.J. (2003) Potassic glass and calcite carbonatite in lapilli from extrusive carbonatites at Rangwa Caldera Complex, Kenya. Mineralogical Magazine, 67:5, 931-955.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
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Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 |
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| Onuonga, I. O. (1997). Geochemistry and mineralization of Buru and Kuge volcanic carbonatite centres, western Kenya. PhD thesis University of St. Andrews (United Kingdom).
(n.d.) Automatically generated from locality name. mindat.org. |
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| Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 |
|
| Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 |
|
| Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0
Onuonga, I. O., Fallick, A. E., & Bowden, P. (1997). The recognition of meteoric-hydrothermal and supergene processes in volcanic carbonatites, Nyanza Rift, western Kenya, using carbon and oxygen isotopes. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25(1), 103-113. doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00064-X
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Rankin, A. H. (1975). Fluid inclusion studies in apatite from carbonatites of the Wasaki area of western Kenya. Lithos, 8(2), 123-136. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(75)90020-1
Barber, C. (1974). The geochemistry of carbonatites and related rocks from two carbonatite complexes, south Nyanza, Kenya. Litho, 7(1), 53-63. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(74)90038-3 |
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| Onuonga, I. O., Fallick, A. E., & Bowden, P. (1997). The recognition of meteoric-hydrothermal and supergene processes in volcanic carbonatites, Nyanza Rift, western Kenya, using carbon and oxygen isotopes. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25(1), 103-113. doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00064-X
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 |
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| Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. |
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| Crossley, R. (1979). The Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the western part of the Rift Valley in southern Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 136(4), 393-405. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.136.4.0393
Baker, B. H. (1963) Geology of the Area South of Magadi. Report 61. Geological Survey of Kenya
Peterson, T.D. 1989. Peralkaline nephelinites. II. Low pressure-fractionation and the hypersodic lavas of Oldoinyo Lengai. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 102, 336-346. |
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| Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa. The Geological Society of London.
Onuonga, I.O., Bowden, P. (2000) Hot-spring and supergene lanthanide mineralization at the Buru carbonatite centre, Western Kenya. Mineralogical magazine, 64:4, 663-673.
Onuonga, I. O., Fallick, A. E., & Bowden, P. (1997). The recognition of meteoric-hydrothermal and supergene processes in volcanic carbonatites, Nyanza Rift, western Kenya, using carbon and oxygen isotopes. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25(1), 103-113. doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00064-X
Deans, T., & Roberts, B. (1984). Carbonatite tuffs and lava clasts of the Tinderet foothills, western Kenya: a study of calcified natrocarbonatites. Journal of the Geological Society, 141(3), 563-580. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.141.3.0563 |
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| Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
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Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
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Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya. |
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| Key, R. M., & Watkins, R. T. (1988). Geology of the Sabarei area. Republic of Kenya Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Mines and Geological Department Report, 111.
McDougall, I., & Watkins, R. T. (1988). Potassium–argon ages of volcanic rocks from northeast of Lake Turkana, northern Kenya. Geological Magazine, 125(1), 15-23. doi.org/10.1017/S001675680000933X
Fitch, F. J., Watkins, R. T., & MILLER, J. A. (1975). Age of a new carbonatite locality in northern Kenya. Nature, 254(5501), 581-583. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/254581a0.pdf
Ministry of Energy and Regional Development 1987. Geological map of Kenya. 1:1000000. Ministry of Energy and Regional Development, Republic of Kenya.
Wilkinson, A.F. 1988. Geology of the Allia Bay Area. Report, Geological Survey of Kenya, 109. |
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| Deans, T., & Roberts, B. (1984). Carbonatite tuffs and lava clasts of the Tinderet foothills, western Kenya: a study of calcified natrocarbonatites. Journal of the Geological Society, 141(3), 563-580. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.141.3.0563
King, B. C., Le Bas, M. J., & Sutherland, D. S. (1972). The history of the alkaline volcanoes and intrusive complexes of eastern Uganda and western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 128(2), 173-205. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.128.2.0173
Baker, B. H., Williams, L. A. J., Miller, J. A., & Fitch, F. J. (1971). Sequence and geochronology of the Kenya rift volcanics. Tectonophysics, 11(3), 191-215. doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(71)90030-8
Le Bas, M. J., & Dixon, J. A. (1965). A new carbonatite in the Legetet hills, Kenya. Nature, 207(4992), 68-68. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/207068a0.pdf
Binge, F. W. (1962). Geology of the Kericho Area. Report, Geological Survey of Kenya, 50. |
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Malawi | |
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| ZIEGLER, U. F. (1992). Preliminary results of geochemistry, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr studies of post-Karoo carbonatite complexes in Southern Africa. Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, 72(1), 141-148.
Buckley, H. A., & Woolley, A. R. (1990). Carbonates of the magnesite–siderite series from four carbonatite complexes. Mineralogical Magazine, 54(376), 413-418. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.617.6641&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Cahen, L., & Snelling, N. J. (1966). The geochronology of equatorial Africa. North-Holland Publishing Company.
Garson, M.S. 1965. The geology of the area west of Lake Malombe, Fort Johnston District. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 3, 35-48.
Garson, M.S. &. Morgan, D.J. 1978. Secondary strontianite at Kangankunde carbonatite complex, Malawi. Transactions, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 87B, 70-73. |
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| Garson, M.S. 1965. The geology of the area west of Lake Malombe, Fort Johnston District. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 3, 35-48. |
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| Garson, M.S. 1965. The geology of the area west of Lake Malombe, Fort Johnston District. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 3, 35-48. |
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| Garson, M.S. 1965. The geology of the area west of Lake Malombe, Fort Johnston District. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 3, 35-48. |
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| Mkango Resources |
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| Dawson, J. B., Steele, I. M., Smith, J. V., & Rivers, M. L. (1996). Minor and trace element chemistry of carbonates, apatites and magnetites in some African carbonatites. Mineralogical Magazine, 60(3), 415-425. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.618.1638&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Garson, M.S. 1962. The Tundulu carbonatite ring-complex in southern Nyasaland. Memoir, Geological Survey of Nyasaland, 2. |
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| Garson, M. S. (1965). Carbonatites in southern Malawi. Geol. Surv. Malawi. Bull, (15). |
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Mozambique | |
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| Hurai, V. (2020) Trace Elements in Apatite as Genetic Indicators of the Evate Apatite-Magnetite Deposit, NE Mozambique. Minerals 10, 1125.
Hurai, V. (2015) Fluid inclusions in apatite indicate low-temperature, metasomatic-infiltration origin of the Evate carbonatite deposit (Mozambique). European Current Research On Fluid Inclusions (ECROFI-XXIII), Leeds - UK, 27 - 29 June, 2015, Extended Abstracts’ Volume
Slobodník, M.
Dillingerová, V.
Blažeková, M.
Huraiová, M. |
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| Cílek, V. G. (1989). Industrial minerals of Mozambique. Geological Survey Office. |
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| Instituto Nacional de Geologia, 1987. Carta geologica Scale 1:1000000. Instituto Nacional de Geologia. Republica Popular de Moçambique. Ministerio dos Recursos Minerais. |
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| Cílek, V. G. (1989). Industrial minerals of Mozambique. Geological Survey Office.
Gittins, J. (1966). Summaries and bibliographies of carbonatite complexes. In Carbonatites (pp. 417-570).
Vail, J.R. 1962. Mount Xiluvo vent, Mozambique. Annual Report, Research Institute of African Geology, University of Leeds, 6, 16-17. |
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| Cílek, V. G. (1989). Industrial minerals of Mozambique. Geological Survey Office.
Gittins, J. (1966). Summaries and bibliographies of carbonatite complexes. In Carbonatites (pp. 417-570).
Vail, J.R. 1962. Mount Xiluvo vent, Mozambique. Annual Report, Research Institute of African Geology, University of Leeds, 6, 16-17. |
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| Cílek, V. G. (1989). Industrial minerals of Mozambique. Geological Survey Office.
Gittins, J. (1966). Summaries and bibliographies of carbonatite complexes. In Carbonatites (pp. 417-570).
Vail, J.R. 1962. Mount Xiluvo vent, Mozambique. Annual Report, Research Institute of African Geology, University of Leeds, 6, 16-17. |
|
South Africa | |
- Alfred Nzo District Municipality
- Matatiele Local Municipality
| (n.d.) Automatically generated from locality name. mindat.org. |
- Mopani District Municipality
- Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
| Allan William Fraser specimen photo ID 1059943 |
|
| LM, Z., Sharygin, V. V., & Zhitov, E. Y. (2009) Fairchildite K 2 Ca (CO 3) 2 in carbonatites at Loolekop mine, Phalaborwa Igneous Complex. http://geo.web.ru/conf/alkaline/2009/Zhitova.htm |
- Sekhukhune District Municipality
- Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality
| (n.d.) Automatically generated from locality name. mindat.org. |
- Vhembe District Municipality
- Makhado Local Municipality
| E.H. Stettler, H. Coetzee and H.J.J. Rogers (1993) The Schiel Alkaline Complex: geological setting and geophysical investigation, S.Afr J. Geol.,96 (3), 96-1 07 doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10120750_734 |
|
Tanzania | |
|
| Mitchell, R.H. and Dawson, J.B., (2021) Mineralogy of volcanic calciocarbonatites from the Trig Point Hill debris flow, Kerimasi volcano, Tanzania: implications for the altered natrocarbonatite hypothesis. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(4), pp.484-495. |
|
Uganda | |
- Katwe-Kikorongo volcanic field (Katwe volcanic field)
| Stoppa, F., Woolley, A. R., Lloyd, F. E., and Eby, N. (2000) Carbonatite lapilli-bearing tuff and a dolomite carbonatite bomb from Murumuli crater, Katwe volcanic field, Uganda. Mineralogical Magazine 64, 641-650. |
