 | Berkenbosch, H. A., de Ronde, C. E. J., Gemmell, J. B., McNeill, A. W., Goemann, K. (2012) Mineralogy and Formation of Black Smoker Chimneys from Brothers Submarine Volcano, Kermadec Arc. Economic Geology, 107 (8) 1613-1633 doi:10.2113/econgeo.107.8.1613 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Formation of Black Smoker Chimneys from Brothers Submarine Volcano, Kermadec Arc H. A. BERKENBOSCH,†,1 C.E.J...Science, 1 Fairway Drive, Avalon, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania,...7001, Australia Abstract Brothers caldera volcano is a submarine volcano of dacitic composition, located...located on the Kermadec arc, New Zealand. It hosts the NW caldera vent field perched on the steep slope...rich, i.e., chalcopyrite-sulfate and chalcopyrite-bornite chimneys, and two are Zn rich, i.e., sphalerite-barite |  | Berkenbosch, H. A., de Ronde, C.E.J., Ryan, C. G., McNeill, A. W., Howard, D. L., Gemmell, J. B., Danyushevsky, L. V. (2019) Trace Element Mapping of Copper- and Zinc-Rich Black Smoker Chimneys from Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc, Using Synchrotron Radiation XFM and LA-ICP-MS. Economic Geology, 114 (1) 67-92 doi:10.5382/econgeo.2019.4620 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Zinc-Rich Black Smoker Chimneys from Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc, Using Synchrotron Radiation XFM...Science, 1 Fairway Drive, Avalon, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation...(SXFM) on Cu- and Zn-rich chimneys from Brothers volcano, Kermadec arc. The maps cover 84- to 136-mm2 cross...and molten S pooled atop a submarine back-arc volcano. Our enrichment factors show remarkable consistency...volcanoes and indicate Au, Te, Bi, Cu, Ag, and Se in Brothers’ chimneys were magmatically derived. Introduction |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Metallogenesis and Mineralization of Intraoceanic Arcs I: Kermadec Arc—Introduction C. E. J. DE RONDE,1,† D. A. BUTTERFIELD... Science, P.O. Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand of Washington, Joint Institute for the Study...Oceans, Box 354925, Seattle, Washington 98195 The Kermadec intraoceanic arc marks the southernmost section...southward to New Zealand. The Kermadec arc, striking for 1,200 km from Monowai volcano to the North Island...Island of New Zealand, represents the southern portion of the contiguous ~2,500-km Kermadec-Tonga arc |  | Berkenbosch, H. A., de Ronde, C. E. J., Paul, B. T., Gemmell, J. B. (2015) Characteristics of Cu isotopes from chalcopyrite-rich black smoker chimneys at Brothers volcano, Kermadec arc, and Niuatahi volcano, Lau basin. Mineralium Deposita, 50 (7) 811-824 doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0571-y | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | black smoker chimneys at Brothers volcano, Kermadec arc, and Niuatahi volcano, Lau basin H. A. Berkenbosch...chimneys collected from Brothers volcano, Kermadec arc, and Niuatahi volcano, Lau backarc basin. This...Science, 1 Fairway Drive, Avalon, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand B. T. Paul School of Earth Sciences, University...for periodic release of magmatic volatiles at Brothers, we believe vapour transport of Cu is responsible...sulphide deposits . Intraoceanic arc . Brothers volcano . Niuatahi volcano Introduction Research on copper |  | de Ronde, C. E. J., Hannington, M. D., Stoffers, P., Wright, I. C., Ditchburn, R. G., Reyes, A. G., Baker, E. T., Massoth, G. J., Lupton, J. E., Walker, S. L., Greene, R. R., Soong, C. W. R., Ishibashi, J., Lebon, G. T., Bray, C. J., Resing, J. A. (2005) Evolution of a Submarine Magmatic-Hydrothermal System: Brothers Volcano, Southern Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 100 (6) 1097-1133 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.100.6.1097 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Magmatic-Hydrothermal System: Brothers Volcano, Southern Kermadec Arc, New Zealand C. E. J. DE RONDE,† Institute...Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 31-312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand M. D. HANNINGTON, Department of Earth Sciences...Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 14-901, Wellington, New Zealand R. G. DITCHBURN, A. G. REYES, Institute of Geological...Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 31-312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand E. T. BAKER, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory...Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 31-312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand J. E. LUPTON, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory |  | de Ronde, Cornel E. J., Massoth, Gary J., Butterfield, David A., Christenson, Bruce W., Ishibashi, Junichiro, Ditchburn, Robert G., Hannington, Mark D., Brathwaite, Robert L., Lupton, John E., Kamenetsky, Vadim S., Graham, Ian J., Zellmer, Georg F., Dziak, Robert P., Embley, Robert W., Dekov, Vesselin M., Munnik, Frank, Lahr, Janine, Evans, Leigh J., Takai, Ken (2011) Submarine hydrothermal activity and gold-rich mineralization at Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Mineralium Deposita, 46 (5) 541-584 doi:10.1007/s00126-011-0345-8 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | gold-rich mineralization at Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand Cornel E. J. de Ronde & Gary...# Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract Brothers volcano, of the Kermadec intraoceanic arc, is host to a hydrothermal...Drive, Avalon, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand e-mail: cornel.deronde@gns.cri.nz J. E. Lupton...magmatic contributions to the hydrothermal system at Brothers includes: high concentrations of dissolved CO2...systems. Changing physicochemical conditions at the Brothers hydrothermal system, and especially the Cone site |  | Yeats, C. J., Parr, J. M., Binns, R. A., Gemmell, J. B., Scott, S. D. (2014) The SuSu Knolls Hydrothermal Field, Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea: An Active Submarine High-Sulfidation Copper-Gold System. Economic Geology, 109 (8) 2207-2226 doi:10.2113/econgeo.109.8.2207 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Knolls Hydrothermal Field, Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea: An Active Submarine High-Sulfidation Copper-Gold...Resource Engineering, P.O. Box 136, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia 1670 3 Research 4 ARC 5 Marine...opening backarc basin in the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea (PNG; Fig. 1). Significant hydrothermal activity...the eastern Manus basin by the PACMANUS I (Papua New Guinea Australia Canada Manus basin) expedition with...overrides the Australian plate to the south at the New Britain trench. and Scott, 1993). The site, also |  | Gruen, Gillian, Weis, Philipp, Driesner, Thomas, Heinrich, Christoph A., de Ronde, Cornel E.J. (2014) Hydrodynamic modeling of magmatic–hydrothermal activity at submarine arc volcanoes, with implications for ore formation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 404. 307-318 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.041 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | GNS Science, P.O. Box 31-312, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand b a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received...based on observations at Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Numerical simulations of...Cone sites, two regions of active venting at the Brothers volcanic edifice, with the former hosting sulfide...of hydrologic regimes in the subsurface of Brothers volcano, which can explain some of the present-day...salinities, and the temperatures of venting at Brothers volcano can only be achieved by input of a saline |  | Keith, Manuel, Haase, Karsten M., Klemd, Reiner, Smith, Daniel J., Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich, Bach, Wolfgang (2018) Constraints on the source of Cu in a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system, Brothers volcano, Kermadec island arc. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 173 (5) doi:10.1007/s00410-018-1470-5 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | submarine magmatichydrothermal system, Brothers volcano, Kermadec island arc Manuel Keith1 · Karsten M...continental or oceanic arc magmas are barren, and hence new methods have to be developed to distinguish between...an economically valuable deposit. Brothers volcano in the Kermadec island arc is one of the best-studied...chemical and mineralogical composition of the Brothers seafloor massive sulphides and the associated...from L’Esperance volcano may represent a parental analogue to the more evolved Brothers lavas. Copper-rich |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | hydrothermal system in the caldera of a submarine volcano in an island arc. The model is simulated in a number...selected based on data on fumaroles at Kudryavyi volcano [3] with a correction for the degassing pressure...Kings TJ N. Fiii West Mata Volcano O Volcano 1 Vai Lili Hine Hina Monowai Brothers 30° Calypso 30° 0° 30°...American– New Zealand expeditions that worked at submarine volcanoes in the Mariana and TongaKermadec island...and 13° N Seamount in EPR) and Loihi subma rine volcano. As was demonstrated in [12 and others], the tactics |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | relatively high fO2-fS2 states consistent with the bornite-pyrite-chalcopyrite assemblages. These redox conditions...chimney orifice, forming layers 5–15 mm thick. Bornite and an intermediate solid solution NU phase in...(Fig. 4c). Local replacement of chalcopyrite, bornite, and ISS by covellite occurs locally along fractures...lamellae (Fig. 4g), with minor pyrrhotite and pyrite. Bornite and covellite are present only in samples of inactive...6). High fO2-fS2 conditions as oxidizing as the bornite-pyrite-chalcopyrite boundary were determined for |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | results in gold deposition at > 250 °C with early bornite and chalcopyrite and before sphalerite and silver...of Au and Ag grades difficult. However, important new data are coming to light on the actual concentrations...different types of seafloor hydrothermal have provided new clues to the causes of Au enrichment, with important...the calderas of arc-front volcanoes (Sunrise, Brothers); large Cu–Zn deposits in earlystage arc rifts...also have been documented in massive sulfides at Brothers, Palinuro Seamount, and in deposits on the Izu-Bonin |  | Keith, Manuel, Haase, Karsten M., Klemd, Reiner, Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich, Franke, Henrike (2017) Systematic variations in magmatic sulphide chemistry from mid-ocean ridges, back-arc basins and island arcs. Chemical Geology, 451. 67-77 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.12.028 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | the Raoul back-arc system separates the active Kermadec volcanic arc to the east and the remnant Colville...MANUSCRIPT volcanic ridge is located east of the New Hebrides island arc in the southern part of the Vate...volcanoes along mid-ocean ridges, such as Axial volcano and Lucky Strike on the Juan de SC R Fuca Ridge...from the Tonga-Kermadec island arc and the submarine caldera of Epi volcano of the New D Hebrides arc...Magmatic sulphide-bearing samples from the TE Kermadec arc include a gabbroic xenolith from Raoul Island |  | Sahlström, Fredrik, Arribas, Antonio, Dirks, Paul, Corral, Isaac, Chang, Zhaoshan (2017) Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide. Minerals, 7 (11) 213 doi:10.3390/min7110213 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | basement (Unit 1, 297–294 Ma; [41]) is overlain by a volcano-sedimentary sequence belonging to the Early Permian...is Minerals 2017, 7, 212 4 of 28 overlain by a volcano-sedimentary sequence belonging to the Early Permian...porphyry (Unit and partly overlyingvolcano-lacustrine volcano-lacustrinesediments sediments (Unit 4A; in in thethe...of the Mt of the Mt Carlton deposit beneath a volcano-sedimentary cover. It also caused the development...development of a Carlton deposit beneath a volcano-sedimentary cover. It also caused the development of a series |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | the past to explain this paradox as the Japanese islands sit above a subduction zone of the type widely...with the volcanoplutonic setting of the Japanese islands? In other words, is the established model for the...expedition from Spain to the West and discovery of a new, mineral-rich landmass (the Americas). Among the...with the volcanotectonic setting of the Japanese islands? If so, something may be fundamentally wrong with...potentially unfavorable factors present in the Japanese islands, such as: (i) extensional tectonics and submarine |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | sulfidation epithermal suite minerals (tetrahedrite, bornite, colusite, Ag-bearing gold, covellite) and sulfide...exceptions (e.g., Bathurst, New Brunswick, McClenaghan et al. 2006, 2009; Ming Mine, New- foundland, Brueckner...for sphalerite, Zn for tetrahedrite, and Ag for bornite. Major element abundances for Fe, Cu, Pb, and Zn...quantitative for sphalerite, tertrahedrite, and bornite, and semi-quantitative for pyrite, galena, and...Tetrahedrite Tennantite Silver-tetrahedrite Chalcopyrite Bornite As-rich colusite Intermediate colusite Germanium-rich |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | and Evia, Sifnos, Mykonos, Tinos, and Kythnos Islands (Bonsall et al., 2011; Skarpelis, 2002; Tombros...Lihir (60 to 96 °C; Pichler et al., 1999a), Papua New Guinea (89 to 98 °C; Pichler et al., 1999b), and...in the Attica Peninsula and on Tinos and Evia islands. The overlying Cycladic Blueschist Unit consists...enhanced the permeability of the volcanic and volcano–sedimentary sequences, through further dismemberment...early deposition of pyrite with inclusions of bornite+ digenite and Fe-poor sphalerite. This was succeeded |  | Yang, Baoju, Liu, Jihua, Shi, Xuefa, Zhang, Hui, Wang, Xiaojing, Wu, Yonghua, Fang, Xisheng (2020) Mineralogy and sulfur isotope characteristics of metalliferous sediments from the Tangyin hydrothermal field in the southern Okinawa Trough. Ore Geology Reviews, 120. 103464 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103464 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | 15 deepsea hydrothermal fields reported above, a new hydrothermal field named “Tangyin” was discovered...such as the Lau Basin, DESMOS, and Brothers caldera on the Kermadec arc, there is significant evidence...sediments derived from surrounding continents and islands, together with volcaniclastic sediments associated...that Se concentration in pyrite can be used as a new geothermometer to estimate pyrite forming temperature...bismuthinite < stibnite < chalcocite < galena < bornite < chalcopyrite < sphalerite < pyrrhotite < pyrite |  | Petersen, S., Monecke, T., Westhues, A., Hannington, M. D., Gemmell, J. B., Sharpe, R., Peters, M., Strauss, H., Lackschewitz, K., Augustin, N., Gibson, H., Kleeberg, R. (2014) Drilling Shallow-Water Massive Sulfides at the Palinuro Volcanic Complex, Aeolian Island Arc, Italy. Economic Geology, 109 (8) 2129-2158 doi:10.2113/econgeo.109.8.2129 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | volcanic complex, the northernmost Aeolian arc volcano in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy. Using a lander-type...Chadwick et al., 2008; Hein et al., 2014) and Tonga-Kermadec arcs (Stoffers et al., 2006; de Ronde et al.,...occurs in the littoral zone of subaerial volcanic islands. In the Aeolian arc, shallow-water hydrothermal...several submarine volcanoes and off-shore of the islands of Panarea and Vulcano (Honnorez, 1969; Wauschkuhn...1989). The volcanic chain includes seven major islands and several submarine volcanic complexes extending |  | Patten, C. G. C., Pitcairn, I. K., Alt, J. C., Zack, T., Lahaye, Y., Teagle, D. A. H., Markdahl, K. (2020) Metal fluxes during magmatic degassing in the oceanic crust: sulfide mineralisation at ODP site 786B, Izu-Bonin forearc. Mineralium Deposita, 55 (3) 469-489 doi:10.1007/s00126-019-00900-9 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, marcasite and bornite. Each analysis consisted of 22–25 s background...alteration zone Disseminated pyrite Average σ Median Bornite Average σ Median Zn (ppm) As Se (ppm) (ppm) ...Disseminated anhedral bornite forms grains up to tens of microns (Fig. 4d, e). In places, bornite shows alteration...anhedral bornite (Bn). Late chalcopyrite (Ccp) exsolutions occur on the rim of the bornite. Sample 72-1-8...72-1-8. e Disseminated bornite with covellite (Cv) and chalcopyrite exsolutions. Sample 72-1-8. f Chalcopyrite |  | Melekestseva, Irina, Maslennikov, Valery, Tret’yakov, Gennady, Maslennikova, Svetlana, Danyushevsky, Leonid, Kotlyarov, Vasily, Large, Ross, Beltenev, Victor, Khvorov, Pavel (2020) Trace Element Geochemistry of Sulfides from the Ashadze-2 Hydrothermal Field (12°58′ N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Influence of Host Rocks, Formation Conditions or Seawater?. Minerals, 10 (9) 743 doi:10.3390/min10090743 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | composition of isocubanite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, and covellite from oxidized Cu-rich massive sulfides...contents). Chalcopyrite concentrates most Au. Bornite has the highest amounts of Se, Sn, and Te. Crystalline...(isocubanite, chalcopyrite, pyrite) and secondary (bornite, covellite) sulfides from Cu-rich massive sulfide...small active crater is interpreted as a submarine volcano built up with a mixture of carbonates and secondary...LA-ICP-MS analysis of isocubanite, chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite and covellite for major (57 Fe, 65 Cu) |  | Dekov, Vesselin M., Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter, Kamenov, George D., Guéguen, Bleuenn, Bayon, Germain, Bindi, Luca, Asael, Dan, Fouquet, Yves (2018) Redox changes in a seafloor hydrothermal system recorded in hematite-chalcopyrite chimneys. Chemical Geology, 483. 351-371 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.02.041 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA b A R T I C L E I N F O A...isocubanite partially altered to covellite and bornite by percolation of low-temperature hydrothermal...by clasts of secondary Cu-rich sulfides such as bornite, chalcocite and digenite set in a matrix of cemented...(F) coarse-grained chalcopyrite (cpy) altered to bornite (bn) and covellite (cvl) (optical polarizing microscope...chalcopyrite crystals are partly to completely altered to bornite and covellite (Fig. 4F) and often contain nuggets |  | Safina, Nataliya P., Melekestseva, Irina Yu., Nimis, Paolo, Ankusheva, Nataliya N., Yuminov, Anatoly M., Kotlyarov, Vasily A., Sadykov, Sergey A. (2016) Barite from the Saf’yanovka VMS deposit (Central Urals) and Semenov-1 and Semenov-3 hydrothermal sulfide fields (Mid-Atlantic Ridge): a comparative analysis of formation conditions. Mineralium Deposita, 51 (4) 491-507 doi:10.1007/s00126-015-0617-9 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | (1.4–5.4 wt% NaCleq) pore fluids. Combining our new data with those for other seafloor hydrothermal barite...Devonian dacites and rhyolites, interlayered with volcano-sedimentary rocks and black shales, and (iii) a...the deposit, the sulfide bodies are separated by volcano-sedimentary layers up to 10 m thick. At their margins...barite and rare chalcopyrite, hematite, jarosite, bornite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, and covellite. Tabular...the marcasite–pyrite aggregates. Small (∼10 μm) bornite grains are surrounded by chalcopyrite in the cement |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | metal-deficient chalcopyrite corona and isolated bornite and with quartz infilling void space, f) emplectite...geologic data. Neither can these models accommodate the new high temperature data for the Sulfide Stage so that...geochemistry of high-sulfidation deposits. We then provide a new hypothesis for the origin of these important gold...temperatures may be in error and has since published new data for enargite sampled from a number of deposits...range of fumarole temperatures within the La Fossa volcano on Vulcano, Italy (Nuccio et al., 1999). 7 An example |  | WANG, Yejian, HAN, Xiqiu, JIN, Xianglong, QIU, Zhongyan, MA, Zhibang, YANG, Haili (2012) Hydrothermal Activity Events at Kairei Field, Central Indian Ridge 25°S. Resource Geology, 62 (2) 208-214 doi:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2012.00189.x | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | [Cpy, Py] Cpy, chalcopyrite; Py, pyrite; Bn, bornite; Dg, digenite; Cv, covellite; Ma, marcasite; Sph...sulfides, 210 later-stage copper minerals such as bornite, digenite, and covellite formed to a large extent...amounts of secondary copper minerals, such as bornite and covellite. 4. Analytical methods Two radiochronological...from the northern Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge: new discoveries and perspectives. Mar. Georesour. Geotec...Thompson, G., Fouquet, Y. and Rona, P. A. (1993) New age data for MidAtlantic Ridge hydrothermal sites: |
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