|
Afghanistan | |
|
| Deer, Howie and Zussman (1978) Rock-forming Minerals, Vol. 2A, Single-Chain Silicates. (2nd ed.) |
|
| [var. Sapphire] Moore, T.P.,Woodside, R.M.W. (2014): The Sar-e-Sang Lapis Mines, Kuran Wa Munjan district, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Mineralogical Record 45 (3), 280-336. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Sarkar, C. (2020) An Evaluation of the Potential for Determination of the Geographic Origin of Ruby and Sapphire Using an Expanded Trace Element Suite Plus Sr–Pb Isotope Compositions. Minerals 10, 447.
Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191.
Krebs, M.Y.
Hardman, M.F.
Pearson, D.G.
Luo, Y.
Fagan, A.J. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
| [var. Ruby] Orris, G.J., Bliss, J.D. (2002) Mine and mineral occurrences of Afghanistan. Open-File Report 2002-110. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02110 |
|
China | |
- Ngawa Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Autonomous Prefecture)
- Zoigê Co. (Ruo'ergai Co.)
| Su Sun (1993): Gold Science and Technology 1(2), 4-10 |
|
| Changbi Li (1991): Tibet Geology 2(1), 75-85 |
- Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field)
| Weizheng Hu, Xiaowen Huang, and Jinming Jiang (2006): Resources Survey and Environment 27(3), 200-208 |
- Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture)
| (n.d.) |
|
| Xiangzhen Xu, Jingsui Yang, Guolin Guo, and Fahui Xiong (2013): Acta Petrologica Sinica 29(6), 1867-1877 |
|
| Mugnaioli, E., Xiong, F., Xu, X., Gemmi, M., Wirth, R., Yang, J., & Grew, E. S. (2022). Wodegongjieite, ideally KCa3 (Al7Si9) O32, a new sheet silicate isostructural with the feldspar polymorph kokchetavite, KAlSi3O8. Mineralogical Magazine, 86(6), 975-987.
Xiangzhen, X., Jingsui, Y., Songyong, C., Qingsong, F., Wenji, B., & Dengzhu, B. (2009). Unusual mantle mineral group from chromitite ore body Cr-11 in Luobusa ophiolite of Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone, Tibet. Journal of Earth Science, 20(2), 284-302. |
|
India | |
|
| Tom D. La Touche (1890): The sapphire mines of Kashmir, palagems.com reprinted from Records of the geological survey of India Vol 23, pt2, pp 59-69. |
- West Khasi Hills District
| Golani, P. R. (1989). Sillimanite-corundum deposits of Sonapahar, Meghalaya, India: a metamorphosed Precambrian paleosol. Precambrian research, 43(3), 175-189. |
|
| Dwivedi, S. B., & Theunuo, K. (2017). Occurrence of wagnerite in Mg–Al granulites of Sonapahar, Meghalaya. Journal of Earth System Science, 126(4), 52. |
|
Myanmar | |
|
| [var. Ruby] Han Htun & George E. Harlow. Identifying Sources among Burmese Rubies. American Museum Natural History website accessed 7/3/2013 |
|
| [var. Sapphire] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [Sapphire var. Star Sapphire] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Sapphire] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Sapphire] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Gübelin, E., Wolgensinger, M. (1976) Edelstenen. Uitgeverij Artis, Brussel [in Dutch]. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Sutherland, F., Zaw, Khin, Meffre, Sebastien, Yui, Tzen-Fui, Thu, Kyaw (2014) Advances in Trace Element “Fingerprinting” of Gem Corundum, Ruby and Sapphire, Mogok Area, Myanmar. Minerals, 5 (1) 61-79 doi:10.3390/min5010061
Rob Lavinsky |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [Ruby var. Star Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Sutherland, F., Zaw, Khin, Meffre, Sebastien, Yui, Tzen-Fui, Thu, Kyaw (2014) Advances in Trace Element “Fingerprinting” of Gem Corundum, Ruby and Sapphire, Mogok Area, Myanmar. Minerals, 5 (1) 61-79 doi:10.3390/min5010061
Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Sapphire] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA.
Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Sutherland, F.L., Khin Zaw, Meffre, S., Thompson, J., Goemann, K., Kyaw Thu, Than Than Nu, Zin, M.M. and Harris, S.J. (2019): Diversity in ruby geochemistry and its inclusions: Intra- and inter-continental comparisons from Myanmar and eastern Australia. Minerals 9, 28.
Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Sutherland, F., Zaw, Khin, Meffre, Sebastien, Yui, Tzen-Fui, Thu, Kyaw (2014) Advances in Trace Element “Fingerprinting” of Gem Corundum, Ruby and Sapphire, Mogok Area, Myanmar. Minerals, 5 (1) 61-79 doi:10.3390/min5010061
Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
- Pein-Pyit (Painpyit; Pyan Pyit)
| [var. Sapphire] Mine owner, personal communication |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Zhao, Longpei, Geng Li, and Liqun Weng. (2022) "Gemological and Spectroscopic Characteristics of “Jedi” Spinel from Man Sin, Myanmar" Minerals 12, no. 11: 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12111359
Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Sapphire] Mine owner, personal communication |
|
| [var. Sapphire] The 1995 ICA World Gemstone Mining Report/Part 1 ICA Gazette |
|
| [var. Sapphire] Dr. Kyaw Khaing Win, personal communication |
|
| [var. Ruby] Win, T.T., Davies, R.M., Griffin, W.L., Wathanakul, P. & French, D.H. (2001). Distribution and characteristics of diamonds from Myanmar. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 19, 563-577. |
- Namhkam Township (Nanhkan Township; Namhkan Township)
| Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
| [var. Ruby] |
|
| [var. Ruby] Han Htun & George E. Harlow. Identifying Sources among Burmese Rubies. American Museum Natural History website accessed 7/3/2013 |
|
| Themelis, Ted (2008) Gems & Mines of Mogok (2nd ed.) A&T Publishing, Los Angeles, CA. |
|
Nepal | |
|
| [var. Ruby] Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191. |
|
| Rob Lavinsky specimen |
|
Pakistan | |
|
| [var. Ruby] Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut) |
|
| [var. Ruby] Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut) |
|
| Jose Zendrera Collection |
|
| [var. Ruby] Kievlenko, Eugenii Ya., Soregaroli, A. - Ed. (2003) Geology of Gems - First English Edition. Ocean Pictures Ltd, Littleton, Colorado. p.1-468. |
|
| [var. Sapphire] Betts, John (n.d.) John Betts website listing. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut) |
|
| [var. Sapphire] Betts, John (n.d.) John Betts website listing. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Kievlenko, Eugenii Ya., Soregaroli, A. - Ed. (2003) Geology of Gems - First English Edition. Ocean Pictures Ltd, Littleton, Colorado. p.1-468. |
|
| [var. Ruby] Ikram Mineralogy |
- Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
| [var. Ruby] Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut) |
|
| [var. Ruby] Jan, M. Q., & Khan, M. A. (1995). Potential For Ruby Mineralization In Upper Kaghan, Nw Himalaya. Journal Of Himalayan Earth Sciences, 28. |
Aliabad marbles, Aliabad, Nagar District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan