Birkeland 04 Feldspar Quarry, Birkeland, Iveland, Agder, Norwayi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Birkeland 04 Feldspar Quarry | Quarry |
| Birkeland | Farm |
| Iveland | Municipality |
| Agder | County |
| Norway | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
58° 32' 8'' North , 7° 55' 28'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Byglandsfjord | 332 (2014) | 15.9km |
| Birkeland | 2,254 (2010) | 29.0km |
| Vennesla | 10,931 (2014) | 29.8km |
| Tveit | 1,397 (2010) | 35.5km |
| Justvik | 1,630 (2014) | 38.2km |
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
| Club | Location | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Sørlandets Geologiforening | Kristiansand | 42km |
Mindat Locality ID:
49637
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:49637:0
GUID (UUID V4):
6d46c5a6-0a49-4230-8f1d-4cec504f09fb
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Røykvartsbruddet; Gadolinittbruddet
Other Languages:
Norwegian:
Birkeland 4 , Birkeland, Iveland, Agder, Norge
A granite pegmatite hosted in amphibolite located about 500 m north of the Birkeland farm. A small quarry is worked on the pegmatite, in the eastern part of it.
The quarry was started by Gustav Eftevann in 1906 (Frigstad 1968).
In 1968 it was reported that the quarry had produced about 100 kg of gadolinite and 200 ton of microcline. The quarry is also famous for a find of a large cavity containing very nice and large quartz crystals. The story goes that these crystals initially were discarded and thrown on the dumps.
Several decades later, when mineral tourism was gaining momentum, someone remembered the quartz crystals and the whole dump was emptied.
In the collections of the Evje og Hornnes geomuseum Fennefoss and the Iveland municipality mineral collection, several nice samples can be seen.
The largest specimen at Fennefoss weighs well over 50 kg (!).
Coordinates © Kartverket - https://www.kartverket.no
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
27 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) References: |
| ⓘ 'Allanite Group' Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(CO3)F References: |
| ⓘ Bavenite Formula: Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ Bismuth Formula: Bi |
| ⓘ Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 |
| ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) ? Formula: (Ce4+,Th)O2 Habit: finegrained massive Colour: yellowish white Description: Embedded in spessartine-fluorite. Described by Frigstad (1968) as "yttrofluorite", could be cerianite-(Ce) (Frigstad 1999) |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' |
| ⓘ Elbaite ? Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) References: |
| ⓘ 'Fergusonite' |
| ⓘ Fluocerite-(Ce) Formula: CeF3 Habit: massive Colour: Brownish-yellow |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 |
| ⓘ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite ? Formula: (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x Description: May be cerianite-(Ce) |
| ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) Formula: Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| ⓘ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 References: |
| ⓘ Laumontite Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Colour: Reddish |
| ⓘ 'Monazite' Formula: REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Description: Masses to 100 kg |
| ⓘ 'Muscovite-1M' |
| ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce) Formula: Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O Description: Frigstad describes rhabdophane-(Ce) from Birkeland 4 as small yellow-white masses occuring with garnet. |
| ⓘ Spessartine Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) Formula: Mn2+Ta2O6 References: |
| ⓘ Tengerite-(Y) Formula: Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite Formula: (Ca,Y)TiSiO5 |
| ⓘ Topaz Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) Formula: Y(PO4) |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| ⓘ | var. Yttrofluorite ? | 3.AB.25 | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x |
| ⓘ | Fluocerite-(Ce) | 3.AC.15 | CeF3 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| ⓘ | Tantalite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| ⓘ | Cerianite-(Ce) ? | 4.DL.05 | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | 5.BD.20a | Ce(CO3)F |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| ⓘ | Tengerite-(Y) | 5.CC.10 | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Xenotime-(Y) | 8.AD.35 | Y(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Rhabdophane-(Ce) | 8.CJ.45 | Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite | 9.AG.15 | (Ca,Y)TiSiO5 |
| ⓘ | Gadolinite-(Y) | 9.AJ.20 | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Elbaite ? | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Bavenite | 9.DF.25 | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Cleavelandite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Fergusonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Muscovite-1M' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Allanite Group' | - | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| O | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite | (Ca,Y)TiSiO5 |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluocerite-(Ce) | CeF3 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite | (Ca,Y)TiSiO5 |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O |
| P | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite | (Ca,Y)TiSiO5 |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite | (Ca,Y)TiSiO5 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| Y | ⓘ Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| Y | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| Y | ⓘ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x |
| Y | ⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite | (Ca,Y)TiSiO5 |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| Ce | ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| Ce | ⓘ Fluocerite-(Ce) | CeF3 |
| Ce | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
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References
Neumann, Henrich (1985) Norges Mineraler [The Minerals of Norway]. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter Vol. 68. Universitetsforlagetp.101 - + p 117, on bismutite, rhabdophane-(Ce)
