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Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA i
Regional Level Types
Bull Moose Mine Mine
Custer City
Custer Mining District Mining District
Custer County County
South Dakota State
USA Country

Regional Level Types
Bull Moose Mine	Mine
Custer	City
Custer Mining District	Mining District
Custer County	County
South Dakota	State
USA	Country

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View towards Bull Moose Mine

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Phosphosiderite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Barbosalite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

View towards Bull Moose Mine

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Phosphosiderite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Barbosalite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

View towards Bull Moose Mine

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Phosphosiderite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

43° 44' 17'' North , 103° 32' 20'' West

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

G#: 9xy2gfm4n

Type:

Köppen climate type:

Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Custer	1,952 (2017)	5.7km
Pringle	109 (2017)	15.1km
Keystone	343 (2017)	20.0km
Hill City	995 (2017)	21.8km
Hermosa	392 (2017)	30.1km

Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities

Club	Location	Distance
Western Dakota Gem & Mineral Society	Rapid City, South Dakota	45km

Mindat Locality ID:

4107

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:4107:5

GUID (UUID V4):

3ddfe585-8bf6-43d9-953b-49faf93b5d55

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Bull Moose pegmatite; Bull Moose lodes; Bull Moose quarry

A feldspar-rose quartz-beryl-muscovite-tantalum occurrence/mine located in the SE¼ sec. 32, T3S, R5E, BHM, 5 km (ca. 3 mi) SE of Custer, on private land within a National Forest area. Owned & operated by George Bland (timeframe unknown), and by the Consolidated Feldspar Corporation (timeframe unknown). MRDS database stated accuracy for this location is 100 meters.

Mineralization is a pegmatite deposit hosted in quartzite. Local rocks include metaquartzite.

Workings include surface openings with an overall length of 7.62 meters, an overall width of 3.05 meters, and comprised of an open cut 10 feet (3.05 m) deep at the face.

The Bull Moose Lode was granted US Mineral Patent #1115883 under Mineral Survey 2126 for 20.338 acres, to the Consolidated Feldspar Corporation on January 4, 1943.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

Mineral List

42 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ 'Metaquartzite'

ⓘ Quartzite

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

King, Van (n.d.) Personal communcation.

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Barbosalite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂

References:

Peacor, D.R. (1969) Triphylite-sarcopside-graftonite inter-growths from Custer, South Dakota. American Mineralogist: 54(5-6): 969–972.

ⓘ Bermanite

Formula: Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 4H₂O

References:

Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy Vol. 4 - Arsenates, phosphates, vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.

ⓘ Beryl

Formula: Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Beusite

Formula: Mn²⁺Mn²⁺₂ (PO₄)₂

References:

internet sources

Bill RobertsIdentified by Vandall Thomas King: XRD

ⓘ Cacoxenite

Formula: Fe³⁺₂₄AlO₆(PO₄)₁₇(OH)₁₂ · 75H₂O

References:

Seaman, David (1976) Pegmatite Minerals of the World. In Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World. The Mineralogical Press, Connecticut.

ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Fairfieldite

Formula: Ca₂Mn²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 2H₂O

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Fluorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Graftonite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂

References:

Peacor, D.R. (1969) Triphylite-sarcopside-graftonite inter-growths from Custer, South Dakota. American Mineralogist: 54(5-6): 969–972.

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Heterosite

Formula: (Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)PO₄

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Hureaulite

Formula: Mn²⁺₅(PO₃OH)₂(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O

References:

Peacor, D.R. (1969) Triphylite-sarcopside-graftonite inter-growths from Custer, South Dakota. American Mineralogist: 54(5-6): 969–972.

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)

Formula: {Ca}{Mn²⁺}{Mn²⁺₂}{Fe³⁺₂}(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 8H₂O

References:

Tony Nikischer

ⓘ 'Jahnsite Group'

Formula: XM1M2₂M3₂(H₂O)₈(OH)₂(PO₄)₄

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Kryzhanovskite

Formula: (Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₃

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Laueite

Formula: Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Leucophosphite

Formula: KFe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite

Formula: Li_1-x(Mn³⁺_xMn²⁺_1-x)PO₄

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Ludlamite

Formula: Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides'

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides var. Manganese Dendrites'

ⓘ Metavivianite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 6H₂O

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Mitridatite

Formula: Ca₂Fe³⁺₃(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O

References:

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Phosphoferrite

Formula: (Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Phosphosiderite

Formula: FePO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Pyrolusite

Formula: Mn⁴⁺O₂

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

King, Van (n.d.) Personal communcation.

ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Reddingite

Formula: (Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O

References:

Januzzi, Ron E., Seaman, David M. (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut, USA.

ⓘ Rockbridgeite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(PO₄)₃(OH)₅

References:

Peacor, D.R. (1969) Triphylite-sarcopside-graftonite inter-growths from Custer, South Dakota. American Mineralogist: 54(5-6): 969–972.

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Sarcopside

Formula: Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂

References:

Peacor, D.R. (1969) Triphylite-sarcopside-graftonite inter-growths from Custer, South Dakota. American Mineralogist: 54(5-6): 969–972.

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Scorodite

Formula: Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Stewartite

Formula: Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Strengite

Formula: FePO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Peacor, D.R. (1969) Triphylite-sarcopside-graftonite inter-growths from Custer, South Dakota. American Mineralogist: 54(5-6): 969–972.

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ 'Tantalite'

Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Tavorite

Formula: LiFe³⁺(PO₄)(OH)

References:

Peacor, D.R. (1969) Triphylite-sarcopside-graftonite inter-growths from Custer, South Dakota. American Mineralogist: 54(5-6): 969–972.

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Triphylite

Formula: LiFe²⁺PO₄

Description: Mn/Mn + Fe = 0.22

References:

Peacor, D.R. (1969) Triphylite-sarcopside-graftonite inter-growths from Custer, South Dakota. American Mineralogist: 54(5-6): 969–972.

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

King, Vandall T. (2000) Mineralogy of Maine Vol. 2 - Mining History, Gems, and Geology. Maine Geological Survey.pp.333-336

ⓘ 'UM1985-09-PO:CaFeHMn'

Formula: (Mn,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca,Na)₇Ca₂(PO₄)₆

References:

Peacor, D.R., Dunn, P.J., Ramik, R.A., Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) A wicksite-like mineral from the Bull Moose mine, South Dakota. The Canadian Mineralogist: 23: 247-249.

ⓘ Vivianite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Whitlockite

Formula: Ca₉Mg(PO₄)₆(PO₃OH)

References:

ⓘ Wicksite

Formula: NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O

Description: A wicksite-like mineral.

References:

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (117).

ⓘ Wolfeite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)(OH)

References:

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

ⓘ Xanthoxenite

Formula: Ca₄Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 3H₂O

References:

Gallery:

Mn²⁺₅(PO₃OH)₂(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂Oⓘ Hureaulite

Hureaulite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Hureaulite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Hureaulite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

SiO₂ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz

Rose Quartz, etc.

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Rose Quartz, etc.

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Rose Quartz, etc.

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

FePO₄ · 2H₂Oⓘ Strengite

Strengite, etc.

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Strengite, etc.

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Strengite, etc.

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

LiFe³⁺(PO₄)(OH)ⓘ Tavorite

Tavorite, etc.

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Tavorite, etc.

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Tavorite, etc.

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂Oⓘ Vivianite

Vivianite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Vivianite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

Vivianite

Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Rose Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Pyrolusite	4.DB.05	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Gypsum var. Selenite	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ		7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Heterosite	8.AB.10	(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)PO₄
ⓘ	Triphylite	8.AB.10	LiFe²⁺PO₄
ⓘ	Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite	8.AB.10	Li_1-x(Mn³⁺_xMn²⁺_1-x)PO₄
ⓘ	Sarcopside	8.AB.15	Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂
ⓘ	Graftonite	8.AB.20	Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂
ⓘ	Beusite	8.AB.20	Mn²⁺Mn²⁺₂ (PO₄)₂
ⓘ	Whitlockite	8.AC.45	Ca₉Mg(PO₄)₆(PO₃OH)
ⓘ	Tavorite	8.BB.05	LiFe³⁺(PO₄)(OH)
ⓘ	Wolfeite	8.BB.15	Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)(OH)
ⓘ	Barbosalite	8.BB.40	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Rockbridgeite	8.BC.10	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(PO₄)₃(OH)₅
ⓘ	Fluorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
ⓘ	Hureaulite	8.CB.10	Mn²⁺₅(PO₃OH)₂(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Kryzhanovskite	8.CC.05	(Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₃
ⓘ	Phosphoferrite	8.CC.05	(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Reddingite	8.CC.05	(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Phosphosiderite	8.CD.05	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Scorodite	8.CD.10	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Strengite	8.CD.10	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Ludlamite	8.CD.20	Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Vivianite	8.CE.40	Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Wicksite	8.CF.05	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Fairfieldite	8.CG.05	Ca₂Mn²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Bermanite	8.DC.20	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Metavivianite	8.DC.25	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Laueite	8.DC.30	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Stewartite	8.DC.30	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Cacoxenite	8.DC.40	Fe³⁺₂₄AlO₆(PO₄)₁₇(OH)₁₂ · 75H₂O
ⓘ	Leucophosphite	8.DH.10	KFe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)	8.DH.15	{Ca}{Mn²⁺}{Mn²⁺₂}{Fe³⁺₂}(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Mitridatite	8.DH.30	Ca₂Fe³⁺₃(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Xanthoxenite	8.DH.40	Ca₄Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 3H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Beryl	9.CJ.05	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Microcline	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Tantalite'	-	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
ⓘ	'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'	-
ⓘ	'Manganese Oxides var. Manganese Dendrites'	-
ⓘ	''	-
ⓘ	'Jahnsite Group'	-	XM1M2₂M3₂(H₂O)₈(OH)₂(PO₄)₄
ⓘ	'UM1985-09-PO:CaFeHMn'	-	(Mn,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca,Na)₇Ca₂(PO₄)₆

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Barbosalite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Bermanite	Mn²⁺Mn₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Cacoxenite	Fe₂₄³⁺AlO₆(PO₄)₁₇(OH)₁₂ · 75H₂O
H	ⓘ Fairfieldite	Ca₂Mn²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Hureaulite	Mn₅²⁺(PO₃OH)₂(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)	{Ca}{Mn²⁺}{Mn₂²⁺}{Fe₂³⁺}(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Kryzhanovskite	(Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₃
H	ⓘ Laueite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Ludlamite	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Metavivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Phosphosiderite	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Phosphoferrite	(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Reddingite	(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Rockbridgeite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(PO₄)₃(OH)₅
H	ⓘ Scorodite	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Stewartite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Strengite	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Tavorite	LiFe³⁺(PO₄)(OH)
H	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Whitlockite	Ca₉Mg(PO₄)₆(PO₃OH)
H	ⓘ Wicksite	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Wolfeite	Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)(OH)
H	ⓘ Xanthoxenite	Ca₄Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Jahnsite Group	XM1M2₂M3₂(H₂O)₈(OH)₂(PO₄)₄
Li	Lithium
Li	ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite	Li_1-x(Mn_x³⁺Mn²⁺_1-x)PO₄
Li	ⓘ Tavorite	LiFe³⁺(PO₄)(OH)
Li	ⓘ Triphylite	LiFe²⁺PO₄
Be	Beryllium
Be	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Barbosalite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Bermanite	Mn²⁺Mn₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Beusite	Mn²⁺Mn₂²⁺ (PO₄)₂
O	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Cacoxenite	Fe₂₄³⁺AlO₆(PO₄)₁₇(OH)₁₂ · 75H₂O
O	ⓘ Fairfieldite	Ca₂Mn²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
O	ⓘ Graftonite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Heterosite	(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)PO₄
O	ⓘ Hureaulite	Mn₅²⁺(PO₃OH)₂(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)	{Ca}{Mn²⁺}{Mn₂²⁺}{Fe₂³⁺}(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Kryzhanovskite	(Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₃
O	ⓘ Laueite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Ludlamite	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Metavivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Phosphosiderite	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Phosphoferrite	(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Reddingite	(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Rockbridgeite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(PO₄)₃(OH)₅
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Sarcopside	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂
O	ⓘ Scorodite	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite	Li_1-x(Mn_x³⁺Mn²⁺_1-x)PO₄
O	ⓘ Stewartite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Strengite	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Tavorite	LiFe³⁺(PO₄)(OH)
O	ⓘ Triphylite	LiFe²⁺PO₄
O	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Whitlockite	Ca₉Mg(PO₄)₆(PO₃OH)
O	ⓘ Wicksite	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Wolfeite	Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)(OH)
O	ⓘ Xanthoxenite	Ca₄Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Jahnsite Group	XM1M2₂M3₂(H₂O)₈(OH)₂(PO₄)₄
O	ⓘ UM1985-09-PO:CaFeHMn	(Mn,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca,Na)₇Ca₂(PO₄)₆
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Wicksite	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ UM1985-09-PO:CaFeHMn	(Mn,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca,Na)₇Ca₂(PO₄)₆
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Whitlockite	Ca₉Mg(PO₄)₆(PO₃OH)
Mg	ⓘ Wicksite	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O
Mg	ⓘ UM1985-09-PO:CaFeHMn	(Mn,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca,Na)₇Ca₂(PO₄)₆
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Al	ⓘ Cacoxenite	Fe₂₄³⁺AlO₆(PO₄)₁₇(OH)₁₂ · 75H₂O
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz	SiO₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Barbosalite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂
P	ⓘ Bermanite	Mn²⁺Mn₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
P	ⓘ Beusite	Mn²⁺Mn₂²⁺ (PO₄)₂
P	ⓘ Cacoxenite	Fe₂₄³⁺AlO₆(PO₄)₁₇(OH)₁₂ · 75H₂O
P	ⓘ Fairfieldite	Ca₂Mn²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
P	ⓘ Graftonite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂
P	ⓘ Heterosite	(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)PO₄
P	ⓘ Hureaulite	Mn₅²⁺(PO₃OH)₂(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
P	ⓘ Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)	{Ca}{Mn²⁺}{Mn₂²⁺}{Fe₂³⁺}(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
P	ⓘ Kryzhanovskite	(Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₃
P	ⓘ Laueite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
P	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Ludlamite	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
P	ⓘ Metavivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
P	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
P	ⓘ Phosphosiderite	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Phosphoferrite	(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
P	ⓘ Reddingite	(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
P	ⓘ Rockbridgeite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(PO₄)₃(OH)₅
P	ⓘ Sarcopside	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂
P	ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite	Li_1-x(Mn_x³⁺Mn²⁺_1-x)PO₄
P	ⓘ Stewartite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
P	ⓘ Strengite	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Tavorite	LiFe³⁺(PO₄)(OH)
P	ⓘ Triphylite	LiFe²⁺PO₄
P	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
P	ⓘ Whitlockite	Ca₉Mg(PO₄)₆(PO₃OH)
P	ⓘ Wicksite	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Wolfeite	Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)(OH)
P	ⓘ Xanthoxenite	Ca₄Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 3H₂O
P	ⓘ Jahnsite Group	XM1M2₂M3₂(H₂O)₈(OH)₂(PO₄)₄
P	ⓘ UM1985-09-PO:CaFeHMn	(Mn,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca,Na)₇Ca₂(PO₄)₆
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Fairfieldite	Ca₂Mn²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)	{Ca}{Mn²⁺}{Mn₂²⁺}{Fe₂³⁺}(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Whitlockite	Ca₉Mg(PO₄)₆(PO₃OH)
Ca	ⓘ Wicksite	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Xanthoxenite	Ca₄Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 3H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ UM1985-09-PO:CaFeHMn	(Mn,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca,Na)₇Ca₂(PO₄)₆
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Bermanite	Mn²⁺Mn₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Beusite	Mn²⁺Mn₂²⁺ (PO₄)₂
Mn	ⓘ Fairfieldite	Ca₂Mn²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Heterosite	(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)PO₄
Mn	ⓘ Hureaulite	Mn₅²⁺(PO₃OH)₂(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)	{Ca}{Mn²⁺}{Mn₂²⁺}{Fe₂³⁺}(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Kryzhanovskite	(Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₃
Mn	ⓘ Laueite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Phosphoferrite	(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Mn	ⓘ Reddingite	(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite	Li_1-x(Mn_x³⁺Mn²⁺_1-x)PO₄
Mn	ⓘ Stewartite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Mn	ⓘ Wicksite	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O
Mn	ⓘ UM1985-09-PO:CaFeHMn	(Mn,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca,Na)₇Ca₂(PO₄)₆
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Barbosalite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Cacoxenite	Fe₂₄³⁺AlO₆(PO₄)₁₇(OH)₁₂ · 75H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Graftonite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂
Fe	ⓘ Heterosite	(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)PO₄
Fe	ⓘ Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)	{Ca}{Mn²⁺}{Mn₂²⁺}{Fe₂³⁺}(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Kryzhanovskite	(Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₃
Fe	ⓘ Laueite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Ludlamite	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Metavivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Phosphosiderite	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Phosphoferrite	(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Reddingite	(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃(PO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Rockbridgeite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(PO₄)₃(OH)₅
Fe	ⓘ Sarcopside	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂
Fe	ⓘ Scorodite	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Stewartite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Strengite	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Tavorite	LiFe³⁺(PO₄)(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Triphylite	LiFe²⁺PO₄
Fe	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Wicksite	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₄MgFe³⁺(PO₄)₆ · 2H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Wolfeite	Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Xanthoxenite	Ca₄Fe₂³⁺(PO₄)₄(OH)₂ · 3H₂O
Fe	ⓘ UM1985-09-PO:CaFeHMn	(Mn,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Ca,Na)₇Ca₂(PO₄)₆
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Scorodite	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
Nb	Niobium
Nb	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Ta	Tantalum
Ta	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆

Other Databases

Link to USGS MRDS:	10055708

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

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USA

Black HillsMountain Range

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

(n.d.) Minerals Availability System (MAS), U.S. Bureau of Mines.file #0460330209

Guiteras, J.R. (1940) Mining of feldspar and associated minerals in the southern Black Hills of South Dakota. United States Bureau of Mines Information Circular IC-7112, 104 pages: 80.

Tullis, E.L. (1952) Beryl Resources of the Black Hills, South Dakota. United States Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation RI 4855, 19 pages, 10 figures (figure 1, No. 105). https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc38576/m2/1/high_res_d/metadc38576.pdf

United States Bureau of Mines (1955) Black Hills Mineral Atlas, South Dakota (part 2). United States Bureau of Mines Information Circular IC 7707, 208 pages: 111-112.

Roberts, Willard Lincoln, Rapp, George Jr. (1965) Mineralogy of the Black Hills. Bulletin 18. South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Peacor, Donald R. (1969) Triphylite-sarcopside-graftonite intergrowths from Custer, South Dakota. The American Mineralogist, 54 (5-6) 969-972

Moore, Paul Brian (1971) The Fe²⁺₃(H₂O)_n(PO₄)₂ homologous series: Crystal-chemical relationships and oxidized equivalents. American Mineralogist, 56 (1-2) 1-17

Peacor, D.R., Dunn, P.J., Ramik, R.A., Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) A wicksite-like mineral from the Bull Moose mine, South Dakota. The Canadian Mineralogist: 23: 247-249. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237535349_A_wicksite-like_mineral_from_the_Bull_Moose_mine_South_Dakota

Campbell, T.J., Roberts, W.L. (1985) Mineral Localities in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 109-118 (page 117).

King, Vandall T. (2000) Mineralogy of Maine Vol. 2 - Mining History, Gems, and Geology. Maine Geological Survey.pp.333-336

Smith, Arthur E., Fritzsch, Eric (2000) SOUTH DAKOTA. Rocks & Minerals, 75 (3) 156-169 doi:10.1080/00357520009605635

(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.

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