Crown Mine (Monastery; Mammoth; Ravenswood), Karangahake, Hauraki District, Waikato Region, New Zealandi
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Crown Mine (Monastery; Mammoth; Ravenswood) | Mine |
Karangahake | - not defined - |
Hauraki District | District |
Waikato Region | Region |
New Zealand | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
37° 25' 29'' South , 175° 43' 21'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Paeroa | 3,994 (2011) | 8.1km |
Waihi | 4,619 (2011) | 10.8km |
Athenree | 563 (2011) | 17.7km |
Waihi Beach | 2,014 (2011) | 18.8km |
Kerepehi | 537 (2011) | 21.7km |
Historic gold mine.
Mining was conducted both sides of the Waitawheta River, a side gorge off the Ohinemura River. The mine accessed the Crown and Welcome veins.
The Crown Company was formed in 1883, but operations at the beginning were difficult due to the refractory nature of the ore. Mining concentrated on the upper most level called 5A. The lowest level was still 500 feet above the river level. They erected an inclined tramway from the mine to the battery to transport ore.
In 1891, they commenced mining of the Welcome Reef, driving an adit 2894 feet. In 1896 a shaft was sunk from a chamber within this level for 526 feet, and developed five levels from it. The lower levels suffered flooding problems.
The company gradually took over neighbouring claims, increasing from an initial 60 acres to 404 acres. These leases included the Earl of Glasgow, Monastery, Mammoth, and Ravenswood.
The introduction of the cyanide process in the 1890's improved extraction rates, however profitability declined from 1910 to 1915. In 1916, the mine was taken over by tributers, until 1920 when much of the machinery was dismantled. Very small scale mining continued until 1928, when the company abandoned the lease.
Impressive battery ruins remain to be seen along the Waitawheta Windows walkway. The Talisman and Woodstock battery ruins, adits, railway tunnels, ore carts and other mining relics are in the area.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Epidote Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Gold Formula: Au Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Gold var. Electrum Formula: (Au,Ag) Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ 'K Feldspar' Formula: KAlSi3O8 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia' Formula: KAlSi3O8 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ 'Limonite' Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Silver Formula: Ag Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ 'Smectite Group' Formula: A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Reference: Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
ⓘ | var. Electrum | 1.AA.05 | (Au,Ag) |
ⓘ | Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | var. Illite | 9.EC.15 | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
ⓘ | 'var. Adularia' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Smectite Group' | - | A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
H | ⓘ Smectite Group | A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O |
H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
C | Carbon | |
C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | ⓘ Smectite Group | A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O |
O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
O | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
O | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
Al | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
Si | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
S | Sulfur | |
S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
K | Potassium | |
K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
K | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
K | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Mn | Manganese | |
Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
Fe | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
Ag | Silver | |
Ag | ⓘ Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
Ag | ⓘ Silver | Ag |
Au | Gold | |
Au | ⓘ Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
Pb | Lead | |
Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
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Crown Mine, Karangahake, Hauraki District, Waikato Region, New Zealand