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Tsaramanga pegmatite, Mahaiza, Betafo District, Vakinankaratra, Madagascari
Regional Level Types
Tsaramanga pegmatitePegmatite
MahaizaCommune
Betafo DistrictDistrict
VakinankaratraRegion
MadagascarCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
19° 56' 34'' South , 46° 49' 6'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-19.94278,46.81861
GeoHash:
G#: mh3q93s2b
GRN:
S14E31
Type:
Pegmatite
Köppen climate type:
Cwb : Subtropical highland climate or temperate oceanic climate with dry winters
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Betafo29,785 (2018)12.6km
Antsirabe186,253 (2018)24.0km
Soanindrariny21,000 (2018)43.6km
Antanifotsy70,626 (2018)61.4km
Mindat Locality ID:
27803
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:27803:9
GUID (UUID V4):
571f976f-5552-4fcc-bb52-4793638a6423
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Tongafeno pegmatite (Tongafeni; Itongafeno)
Other Languages:
Malagasy:
Tsaramanga, Kaominin'i Mahaiza, Distrikan'i Betafo, Vakinankaratra, Madagasikara


The Tsaramanga or the “Tongafeno” granite pegmatite is hosted in coarse-grained gabbro stock (Gabbro de l’Itsindro intrusive complex of Ambatofinandrahana). It can be classified after Pezzotta (1999) as an LCT beryl columbite subtype pegmatite. Known for blue beryl (Santamaria-type), rose quartz and good crystals of columbites.
Located 1500 m NW of Itongafeno Mt, near the old village of Tsaramanga.
In July 2009, about 300 kg of dark blue aquamarine were extracted from the pegmatite.

Note to the minerallist:

The columbites from Tsaramanga may be a columbite-(Mn), see the discussion on the messageboard at http://www.mindat.org/forum.php?read,106,298421,298493#msg-298493

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


21 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ 'Aeschynite Group'
Formula: AD2O6
ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)
Formula: (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Colour: yellowish on outside (alteration) and greenbrownish inside.
Description: Descibed as priorite
ⓘ 'Almandine-Spessartine Series'
ⓘ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine
Formula: Be3Al2Si6O18
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Bismite
Formula: Bi2O3
ⓘ Bismuth
Formula: Bi
ⓘ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
ⓘ Bismutite
Formula: (BiO)2CO3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
References:
JSS collection
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6
ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite'
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)
Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
ⓘ Pucherite
Formula: Bi(VO4)
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup'
Formula: A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'
Formula: (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Habit: {111} dominant with {110} and sometimes also {211}
Colour: yellow on outside (alteration) browngreenish inside
Description: Described by Lacroix (1912,1922)as blomstrandite. Crystals to 5 cm
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile
Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite
Formula: (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
ⓘ Samarskite-(Y)
Formula: YFe3+Nb2O8
ⓘ Schorl
Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite
Formula: Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4]
Description: Cyrtolite mentioned as a associated mineral to "blomstrandite" in Lacroix (1912), but described as malacon later in Lacroix 1922
ⓘ Zircon var. Malacon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘBismuth1.CA.05Bi
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘBismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘBismite4.CB.60Bi2O3
ⓘQuartz
var. Amethyst		4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘ4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Smoky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Rose Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile
var. Ilmenorutile		4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘvar. Strüverite4.DB.05(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
ⓘSamarskite-(Y)4.DB.25YFe3+Nb2O8
ⓘColumbite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Nb2O6
ⓘAeschynite-(Y)4.DF.05(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
ⓘEuxenite-(Y)4.DG.05(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
ⓘ'Aeschynite Group'4.DL.05AD2O6
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘBismutite5.BE.25(BiO)2CO3
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘPucherite8.AD.40Bi(VO4)
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘSpessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘZircon
var. Malacon		9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘvar. Cyrtolite9.AD.30Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4]
ⓘ9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘBeryl
var. Aquamarine		9.CJ.05Be3Al2Si6O18
ⓘ9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘSchorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Supergroup
var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'		-(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Almandine-Spessartine Series'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
ⓘ'Columbite-Tantalite'-
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Supergroup'-A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Hⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ Zircon var. CyrtoliteZr[(SiO4),(OH)4]
BeBeryllium
Beⓘ Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Beⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
BBoron
Bⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Oⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Oⓘ Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Oⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BismiteBi2O3
Oⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Oⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Oⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Oⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ PucheriteBi(VO4)
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Quartz var. Rose QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ Samarskite-(Y)YFe3+Nb2O8
Oⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Zircon var. CyrtoliteZr[(SiO4),(OH)4]
Oⓘ Zircon var. MalaconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Aeschynite GroupAD2O6
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Naⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Siⓘ Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Quartz var. Rose QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Zircon var. CyrtoliteZr[(SiO4),(OH)4]
Siⓘ Zircon var. MalaconZr(SiO4)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
SSulfur
Sⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Caⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Tiⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
VVanadium
Vⓘ PucheriteBi(VO4)
MnManganese
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Mnⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
FeIron
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Samarskite-(Y)YFe3+Nb2O8
Feⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Feⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
YYttrium
Yⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Yⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Yⓘ Samarskite-(Y)YFe3+Nb2O8
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Zrⓘ Zircon var. CyrtoliteZr[(SiO4),(OH)4]
Zrⓘ Zircon var. MalaconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Nbⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Nbⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Nbⓘ Samarskite-(Y)YFe3+Nb2O8
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Taⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Taⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
BiBismuth
Biⓘ BismiteBi2O3
Biⓘ BismuthBi
Biⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Biⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Biⓘ PucheriteBi(VO4)
ThThorium
Thⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Thⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
UUranium
Uⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Uⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Madagascar
Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Lacroix, A. (1912) Sur un groupe de niobotantalates cubiques, radioactifs, des pegmatites du Vakinankaratra. Bulletin de la Société française de minéralogie 35: 85-92 [on "blomstrandite" = betafite].
Ungemach, Henri (1916) Contribution à la Minéralogie de Madagascar. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 39 (1) 5-38 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1916.3635on tourmaline and microcline from Tsaramanga
Behier, Jean (1963) Carte minéralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique de Madagascar A.1871
Pezzotta, Federico (1999) Madagaskar. Das Paradies der Mineralien und Edelsteine. extraLapis 17. Christian Weise Verlagpp.53-54
Rakotoarisoa Nivomalala (2003) Contribution à l'étude monographique des gîtes pegmatitiques de la région de Betafo-Antsirabe. Interprétation structurale d'images Landsat. École Supérieure Polytechnique d'Antananarivo 2003.
Hyrsl, Jaroslav, Danet, Fabrice (2005) Bismuthinite inclusions in rose quartz from Madagascar. Gems & Gemology, 41 (2) 181-182 doi:10.5741/gems.41.2.176
Yager, T.R. (2010) The Mineral Industry of Madagascar. USGS 2010 Mineral Yearbook. Madagascar.
jewelrytelevision.typepad.com (n.d.) http://jewelrytelevision.typepad.com/jtv_blog/2010/06/jtvs-2010-world-tour-madagascar-with-senior-gem-buyer-george-williams.html
Rustemeyer, P. and Pezzotta, F. (2015) Reise zu den Turmalinen von Antsirabé, Madagaskar. Lapis 40 (10): 18-31 + 90.
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