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Lepanto Mine, Mankayan, Benguet Province, Cordillera Administrative Region, Luzon, Philippinesi
Regional Level Types
Lepanto MineMine
MankayanDistrict
Benguet ProvinceProvince
Cordillera Administrative RegionRegion
LuzonIsland Group
PhilippinesCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
16° 51' 35'' North , 120° 46' 32'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
16.85987,120.77578
GeoHash:
G#: wdvzum4pz
GRN:
N12E82
Type:
Mine
Köppen climate type:
Cwb : Subtropical highland climate or temperate oceanic climate with dry winters
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Mankayan15,886 (2017)0.8km
Tabio3,543 (2017)2.8km
Bulalacao3,112 (2017)4.4km
Bangao3,902 (2017)8.1km
Baculongan11,742 (2017)9.0km
Mindat Locality ID:
2567
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:2567:9
GUID (UUID V4):
27d497b7-cf6e-4ce7-9f8c-9d8fe4524888


A copper and gold mine located 108 km North of Baguio. Owned by the Mitsui Mining Co. (WWII). Produced 7,500 tons of Cu (1944).

Already in the 12th century copper ingots from Mankayan was exchanged with Chinese traders for their goods. When the Spanish came in the 16th century it became their main metal source.
The modern era of mining started in 1936 when the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company was formed, starting with a 400 ton/day mill production, soon increased to 1000 tpd. Operated for a few years by Mitsui Mining Company/Japan during the WWII. The company was able to start mining again 2 years after the liberation, and increased production to 4500 tpd later. When the production ceased in the enargite mine/orebody in 1996 it had produced 743 kt of Cu, 92 t of Au and 390 t of Ag.
Today the company is working another orebody located approx. 3 km away: the Victoria project.

High-grade gold quartz veins with silver values.
Source: Lepanto Cons. material received at mine visit in Dec. 2001.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

19 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Alunite
Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Colusite
Formula: Cu13VAs3S16
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Digenite
Formula: Cu9S5
ⓘ Enargite
Formula: Cu3AsS4
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Gold
Formula: Au
ⓘ Gold var. Electrum
Formula: (Au,Ag)
ⓘ Luzonite (TL)
Formula: Cu3AsS4
Type Locality:
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Proustite
Formula: Ag3AsS3
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Silver
Formula: Ag
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Stannoidite
Formula: Cu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12
ⓘ 'Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series'

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘGold1.AA.05Au
ⓘvar. Electrum1.AA.05(Au,Ag)
ⓘSilver1.AA.05Ag
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘDigenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘStannoidite2.CB.15cCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12
ⓘColusite2.CB.30Cu13VAs3S16
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘBismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘProustite2.GA.05Ag3AsS3
ⓘEnargite2.KA.05Cu3AsS4
ⓘLuzonite (TL)2.KA.10Cu3AsS4
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘAlunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Unclassified
ⓘ'Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SSulfur
Sⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ColusiteCu13VAs3S16
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Sⓘ EnargiteCu3AsS4
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ LuzoniteCu3AsS4
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ ProustiteAg3AsS3
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ StannoiditeCu6+Cu22+(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12
KPotassium
Kⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
VVanadium
Vⓘ ColusiteCu13VAs3S16
FeIron
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ StannoiditeCu6+Cu22+(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ColusiteCu13VAs3S16
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Cuⓘ EnargiteCu3AsS4
Cuⓘ LuzoniteCu3AsS4
Cuⓘ StannoiditeCu6+Cu22+(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Znⓘ StannoiditeCu6+Cu22+(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ColusiteCu13VAs3S16
Asⓘ EnargiteCu3AsS4
Asⓘ LuzoniteCu3AsS4
Asⓘ ProustiteAg3AsS3
AgSilver
Agⓘ Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Agⓘ ProustiteAg3AsS3
Agⓘ SilverAg
SnTin
Snⓘ StannoiditeCu6+Cu22+(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
AuGold
Auⓘ Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Auⓘ GoldAu
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
BiBismuth
Biⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Pleistocene : 1.56 ± 0.29 Ma to 1.17 ± 0.16 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Quaternary
   Pleistocene
ⓘ Alunite (youngest age)1.17 ± 0.16 Ma
ⓘ Alunite (oldest age)1.56 ± 0.29 Ma

Localities in this Region

Philippines
  • Luzon
    • Cordillera Administrative Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
Philippine Sea PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Rocks & Minerals: 22:23.
Rocks & Minerals: 23:320
Bureau of Mines Mineral Trade Notes (Nov, 1947)
Gonzales, A. (1956) Geology of the Lepanto copper mine, Mankayan, Mountain Province. In: Copper Deposits of the Philippines (A.J. Kinkel Jr. et al,, eds.). Philippines Bureau of Mines, special publication 16, 17-50.
Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.
Jeffrey W. Hedenquist, Antonio Arribas, and T. James Reynolds (1998) Evolution of an intrusion-centered hydrothermal system; Far Southeast-Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits, Philippines. Economic Geology, 93, 373-404.
Imai, A. (1999): Pyrite disease in luzonite from the Lepanto Cu-Au deposit, Mankayan, Philippines: further example of disease texture and its origin. Resource Geology, 49(3), 163-168.
CLAVERIA R J R (2001) Mineral Paragenesis of the Lepanto Copper and Gold and the Victoria Gold Deposits, Mankayan Mineral District, Philippines, - Resour Geol, 51(2), pp.97-106.
Deyell, C.L. and Hedenquist, J.W. (2011): Trace element geochemistry of enargite in the Mankayan district, Philippines. Economic Geology 106, 1465-1478.
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