Hazlehurst salt dome, Copiah Co., Mississippi, USAi
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Hazlehurst salt dome | Dome |
Copiah Co. | County |
Mississippi | State |
USA | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
31° 53' 41'' North , 90° 17' 56'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Hazlehurst | 3,924 (2017) | 9.9km |
Crystal Springs | 4,939 (2017) | 11.7km |
Georgetown | 283 (2017) | 13.0km |
Beauregard | 326 (2011) | 20.8km |
Terry | 1,103 (2017) | 22.4km |
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Club | Location | Distance |
---|---|---|
Mississippi Gem & Mineral Society | Jackson, Mississippi | 46km |
Mississippi Geological Society | Jackson, Mississippi | 46km |
A shallow salt dome located in secs. 21,22,27,28,33,34, T1N, R1W.
Approximately circular, 1.6 miles in diameter.
ABSTRACT: Hazlehurst Dome is a shallow, sparsely explored, salt dome near the center of the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin. Two recent sulfur exploration wells cored marine false carbonate cap rock, true calcite cap rock, and anhydrite cap rock. The marine false carbonate cap rock contains calcite, dolomite, glauconite, and marine microfossils. This unusual dolomite-enriched unit has a ^dgr13C value of -8.2^pmil(PDB), suggesting a predominantly marine source for the carbon. The true calcite cap rock contains alternating light and dark bands of calcite, the darker bands containing locally abundant sulfide minerals. The range of carbon isotope values for the banded true calcite cap rock, from -45.1 to -50.20^pmil(PDB), indicates that methane was the principal source of carbon. This cap rock is locally crosscut by steeply dipping calcite veins, which are symmetrically banded, with alternating bands of dark-brown calcite (containing fluid inclusions of liquid hydrocarbons), white calcite, and sulfide minerals. Carbon isotope values for the veins are similar to the true calcite cap rock itself.
An exotic suite of cap rock minerals, consisting of sphalerite, galena, strontianite, celestite, and barite, is locally present in both the horizontally banded cap rock and its veins. The proximity of Hazlehurst Dome to present-day oil field brines enriched in Sr-Ba-Zn-Pb suggests a genetic link between the brines and cap rock minerals containing the same elemental suite. Carbon isotope data from calcite in both true calcite cap rock and veins indicate that sulfate-reducing bacteria played a major role in the precipitation of the calcite and sulfide minerals. The presence of liquid hydrocarbons in the late-stage calcite veins implies that liquid hydrocarbons moved into the cap rock late in its developmental history, and sulfate-reducing bacteria preferentially utilized methane, thus preserving the liquid hydrocarbons. This initial study of the Hazlehurst calcite cap rock suggests that the dome warrants further evaluation for hydrocarbon potential. The anhydrite cap rock has yet to be completely penetrated and only the upper section was sampled by the sulfur exploration wells. The anhydrite cap rock contains as much as 3% sulfide minerals crudely layered in the interlocking anhydrite matrix.
An exotic suite of cap rock minerals, consisting of sphalerite, galena, strontianite, celestite, and barite, is locally present in both the horizontally banded cap rock and its veins. The proximity of Hazlehurst Dome to present-day oil field brines enriched in Sr-Ba-Zn-Pb suggests a genetic link between the brines and cap rock minerals containing the same elemental suite. Carbon isotope data from calcite in both true calcite cap rock and veins indicate that sulfate-reducing bacteria played a major role in the precipitation of the calcite and sulfide minerals. The presence of liquid hydrocarbons in the late-stage calcite veins implies that liquid hydrocarbons moved into the cap rock late in its developmental history, and sulfate-reducing bacteria preferentially utilized methane, thus preserving the liquid hydrocarbons. This initial study of the Hazlehurst calcite cap rock suggests that the dome warrants further evaluation for hydrocarbon potential. The anhydrite cap rock has yet to be completely penetrated and only the upper section was sampled by the sulfur exploration wells. The anhydrite cap rock contains as much as 3% sulfide minerals crudely layered in the interlocking anhydrite matrix.
The Mississippi Interior Salt Basin trends, with an average width of over 125 miles, west-northwest to eastsoutheast across south-central Mississippi from northeastern Louisiana to southwestern Alabama. This salt basin, also known as the Mississippi salt-diapir province of Jackson and Seni (1984), and the east central basin of Halbouty (1979), is the largest of three Mesozoic salt basins on the north flank of the Gulf Coastal Plain. Salt basin stratigraphy is shown in Figure 3.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Anhydrite Formula: CaSO4 Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ Celestine Formula: SrSO4 Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Reference: Swann, Charles T. and Saunders, James A. (1992), Cap Rock Geology of the Hazlehurst Salt Dome, Copiah County, Mississippi, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions: 42: 697-705. |
ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ 'Glauconite' Formula: (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 Reference: Swann, Charles T. and Saunders, James A. (1992), Cap Rock Geology of the Hazlehurst Salt Dome, Copiah County, Mississippi, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions: 42: 697-705. |
ⓘ Halite Formula: NaCl Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ Marcasite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
ⓘ Strontianite Formula: SrCO3 Reference: Econ Geol (1994) 89:381-390 |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
Group 3 - Halides | |||
ⓘ | Halite | 3.AA.20 | NaCl |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
ⓘ | Strontianite | 5.AB.15 | SrCO3 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
ⓘ | Anhydrite | 7.AD.30 | CaSO4 |
ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
ⓘ | Celestine | 7.AD.35 | SrSO4 |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | 'Glauconite' | 9.EC. | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
C | Carbon | |
C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
C | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
O | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
O | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
O | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
Na | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
S | Sulfur | |
S | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
S | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
K | Potassium | |
K | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Fe | ⓘ Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
Sr | Strontium | |
Sr | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
Sr | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
Ba | Barium | |
Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
Pb | Lead | |
Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A) In-text Citation No.Swann, Charles T. and Saunders, James A. (1992), Cap Rock Geology of the Hazlehurst Salt Dome, Copiah County, Mississippi, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions: 42: 697-705.
Swann, Charles T. and Saunders, James A. (1994), Mineralogy and geochemistry of a cap-rock Zn-Pb-Sr-Ba occurrence at the Hazlehurst salt dome, Mississippi, Economic Geology: 89: 381-390.
Saunders, James A. and Thomas, Robert C. (1996), Origin of 'exotic' minerals in Mississippi salt dome cap rocks: results of reaction-path modeling, Applied Geochemistry, Elsevier Science Ltd. printed in Great Britain: II: 667 676.
Thieling, Stanley C. and Moody, Jack S. (1997), Atlas of Shallow Mississippi Salt Domes, Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Geology, Bulletin 131, Jackson, Mississippi: 144-145.
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