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Iraqi
Regional Level Types
Iraq Country

Regional Level Types
Iraq	Country

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Agate

Iraq

Qandilite

Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

Curienite

Akashat Mine, Akashat, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

Agate

Iraq

Qandilite

Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

Curienite

Akashat Mine, Akashat, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

Agate

Iraq

Qandilite

Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

Area:

437,072 km²

Neighbouring regions:

Type:

Largest Settlements:

Place	Population
Baghdad	7,216,000 (2016)
Basrah	2,600,000 (2015)
Al Mawşil al Jadīdah	2,065,597 (2016)
Al Başrah al Qadīmah	2,015,483 (2016)
Mosul	1,739,800 (2016)
Erbil	932,800 (2018)

Mindat Locality ID:

15997

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:15997:4

GUID (UUID V4):

991cf3fc-0db4-4cf6-a2e5-4c0c0acbc6f1

Other Languages:

View 234 more...

Arabic:

العراق

French:

Irak

German:

Irak

Italian:

Iraq

Kurdish (Arabic Script):

عێراق‎

Kurdish (Latin Script):

Iraq

Russian:

Ирак

Simplified Chinese:

伊拉克

Spanish:

Irak

Achinese:

Irak

Adyghe:

Ирак

Afrikaans:

Irak

Akan:

Iraq

Albanian:

Iraku

Alemannic:

Irak

Amharic:

ኢራቅ

Anglo-Saxon:

Irac

Aragonese:

Iraq

Aramaic:

ܥܝܪܐܩ

Armenian:

Իրաք

Aromanian:

Irac

Assamese:

ইৰাক

Asturian:

Iraq

Avaric:

ГIиракъ

Azeri:

İraq

Bambara:

Iraki

Bashkir:

Ираҡ

Basque:

Irak

Bavarian:

Irak

Belarusian:

Ірак

Belarusian (Tarashkevitsa):

Ірак

Bengali:

ইরাক

Bishnupriya Manipuri:

ইরাক

Bosnian:

Irak

Breton:

Irak

Buginese:

Irak

Bulgarian:

Ирак

Burmese:

အီရတ်နိုင်ငံ

Catalan:

Iraq

Cebuano:

Iraq

Central Bikol:

Iraq

Central Kurdish/Sorani:

عێراق

Chavacano:

Iraq

Chechen:

Ӏиракъ

Cherokee:

ᎢᎳᎩ

Chuvash:

Ирак

Classical Chinese:

伊拉克

Cornish:

Irak

Crimean Tatar (Latin):

Iraq

Croatian:

Irak

Czech:

Irák

Danish:

Irak

Doteli:

इराक

Dutch:

Irak

Dzongkha:

ཨི་རཱཀ

Egyptian Arabic:

العراق

Erzya:

Ирак Мастор

Esperanto:

Irako

Estonian:

Iraak

Ewe:

iraqdukɔ

Extremaduran:

Iraq

Faroese:

Irak

Farsi/Persian:

عراق

Fiji Hindi:

Iraq

Finnish:

Irak

Franco-Provençal:

Iraq

Friulian:

Iraq

Fula:

Iraak

Gagauz:

Irak

Galician:

Iraq

Gan:

伊拉克

Georgian:

ერაყი

Greek:

Ιράκ

Greenlandic:

Iraq

Guarani:

Irake

Gujarati:

ઈરાક

Haitian:

Irak

Hakka:

Iraq

Hausa:

Iraki

Hawaiian:

‘Ilaka

Hebrew:

עיראק

Hindi:

इराक़

Hungarian:

Irak

Icelandic:

Írak

Ido:

Irak

Iloko:

Irak

Indonesian:

Irak

Ingush:

Иракъ

Interlingua:

Irak

Interlingue:

Irak

Inuktitut:

ᐃᕉᒃ

Irish Gaelic:

An Iaráic

Jamaican Patois:

Irak

Japanese:

イラク

Javanese:

Irak

Judaeo-Spanish:

Irak

Kabardian:

Иракъ

Kabiye:

Irakɩ

Kabyle:

Ɛiraq

Kalmyk:

Иракудин Орн

Kannada:

ಇರಾಕ್

Kapampangan:

Irak

Karakalpak:

İrak

Kashmiri:

ایٖراق

Kashubian:

Irak

Kazakh (Cyrillic Script):

Ирак

Khmer:

អ៊ីរ៉ាក់

Kikuyu:

Iraq

Kinyarwanda:

Irake

Komi:

Ирак

Kongo:

Iraq

Konkani:

इराक

Korean:

이라크

Kyrgyz:

Ирак

Lao:

ອີລັກ

Latin:

Iraca

Latvian:

Irāka

Lezghian:

Ирак

Ligurian:

Iraq

Limburgian:

Irak

Lingala:

Irak

Lingua Franca Nova:

Irac

Lithuanian:

Irakas

Livvi-Karelian:

Irak

Lojban:

raksygu'e

Lombard:

Irak

Low Saxon/Low German:

Irak

Lower Sorbian:

Irak

Luganda:

Yiraaka

Luri:

عراق

Luxembourgish:

Irak

Macedonian:

Ирак

Maithili:

इराक

Malagasy:

Iràka

Malay:

Iraq

Malayalam:

ഇറാഖ്‌

Maltese:

Iraq

Manx:

Yn Earack

Maori:

Īrāki

Marathi:

इराक

Mazanderani:

عراق

Min Dong Chinese:

Iraq

Minangkabau:

Irak

Mingrelian:

ერაყი

Minnan / Hokkien-Taiwanese:

Iraq

Moksha:

Ирак

Mongolian:

Ирак

Nahuatl:

Irac

Nauruan:

Irak

Navajo:

Iiwááʼ

Nepali:

ईराक

Newar / Nepal Bhasa:

इराक

Norfolk:

Eraak

Northern Frisian:

Iraak

Northern Sami:

Irak

Norwegian:

Irak

Norwegian (Nynorsk):

Irak

Novial:

Irak

Occitan:

Iraq

Odia:

ଇରାକ

Oromo:

Iraaq

Ossetian:

Ирак

Pali:

ईराक

Papiamento:

Irak

Pashto:

عراق

Pennsylvania German:

Iraek

Picard:

Irak

Piedmontese:

Irak

Polish:

Irak

Portuguese:

Iraque

Punjabi:

ਇਰਾਕ

Quechua:

Iraq

Ripuarian:

der Irak

Romanian:

Irak

Romansh:

Irac

Rundi:

Iraki

Russia Buriat:

Ирак

Rusyn:

Ірак

Samogitian:

Iraks

Sango:

Irâki

Sanskrit:

इराक्

Sardinian:

Iraq

Saterland Frisian:

Irak

Scots:

Iraq

Scottish Gaelic:

Ioràc

Serbian:

Ирак

Serbo-Croatian:

Irak

Shona:

Iraq

Sicilian:

Iraq

Silesian:

Irak

Sindhi:

عراق

Sinhalese:

ඉරාක ජනරජය

Slovak:

Irak

Slovenian:

Irak

Somali:

Ciraaq

South Azerbaijani:

عراق

Sundanese:

Irak

Swahili:

Iraq

Swati:

I-Irakhi

Swedish:

Irak

Tagalog:

Iraq

Tajik (Cyrillic Script):

Ироқ

Tamil:

ஈராக்கு

Tarantino:

Iraq

Tatar:

Гыйрак

Telugu:

ఇరాక్

Tetum:

Irake

Thai:

ประเทศอิรัก

Tibetan (Standard):

ཡི་ལའ་ཁོ།

Tigrinya:

ኢራቅ

Tok Pisin:

Irak

Tongan:

ʻIulaaki

Traditional Chinese:

伊拉克

Tumbuka:

Iraq

Turkish:

Irak

Turkmen:

Yrak

Twi:

Irak

Udmurt:

Ирак

Ukrainian:

Ірак

Upper Sorbian:

Irak

Urdu:

عراق

Uyghur:

ئىراق

Uzbek (Latin Script):

Iroq

Venetian:

Iraq

Veps:

Irak

Vietnamese:

Iraq

Volapük:

Lirakän

Võro:

Iraak

Walloon:

Irak

Waray:

Irak

Welsh:

Irac

West Flemish:

Irak

West Frisian:

Irak

Western Punjabi:

عراق

Wolof:

Iraak

Wu Chinese:

伊拉克

Yakut:

Ираак

Yiddish:

איראק

Yoruba:

Irak

Zazaki:

İraq

Zeelandic:

Irak

Zhuang:

Iraq

Zulu:

I-Iraki

No description has been added for this locality. Can you add one?

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

ⓘ Tin

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

ⓘ var. Titanium-bearing Augite

ⓘ Azurite

ⓘ Baddeleyite

ⓘ Baghdadite (TL)

ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'

ⓘ var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)

ⓘ var. Scandium-bearing Columbite-(Fe)

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

ⓘ Fluorapatite

ⓘ var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite

ⓘ var. Strontium-bearing Apatite

ⓘ Iraqite-(La) (TL)

ⓘ var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ var. Copper-bearing Pyrite

ⓘ var. Niobium-bearing Rutile

ⓘ Schorlomite

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

111 valid minerals. 4 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite

Formula: Ag₂S

Locality: Alanish, Sharanish area, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Localities:

Mishav, Shalair Valley, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Yassin, S.Z., Goff, J.C. (Eds.) (2006): Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno, 337 pp.

ⓘ Åkermanite

Formula: Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities:

Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Hermezi, H. M., McKie, D., Hall, A. J. (1986) Baghdadite, a new calcium zirconium silicate mineral from Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (355) 119-123 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.15

ⓘ Albite var. Andesine

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂

Locality: Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Analcime

Formula: Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Anatase

Formula: TiO₂

Locality: Hussainiyat Fe deposit, Wadi Al-Hussainiya, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Andalusite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Anhydrite

Formula: CaSO₄

Localities:

Quartz geode occurrences, Ar-Rutbah (Rutbah; Ar-Rutba; Rutba), Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq
Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

References:

Petranek, J., Jassim, S., Al-Bassam, K. and Hak, J. (1980) Quartz geodes of the Western Desert, Iraq. Journal of the Geological Society of Iraq, 13, 343-347

Petranek, J., Jassim, S., Al-Bassam, K. and Hak, J. (1983) Quartz geodes of the Western Desert, Iraq. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 28, 139-147.

ⓘ Ankerite

Formula: Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂

Localities:

Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Berzanik deposit, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

References:

Yassin, A.T. (1995): Mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry of iron-rich sediments in Benavi area - Northern Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad

ⓘ Annabergite

Formula: Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O

Locality: Bard-i-Zard village, Darband-Rayat area, Rawandiz, Rawanduz District, Erbil Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Anorthite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)

Locality: Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

Locality: Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Antigorite

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Localities:

Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mohammad, Y. (2009): Mineralogy of sheared serpentinite near Mlakawa mountain, Penjwin district, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining: 5(2): 101-117

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

Localities:

Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

References:

Yassin, A.T. (1995): Mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry of iron-rich sediments in Benavi area - Northern Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad

ⓘ Aragonite

Formula: CaCO₃

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

Localities:

Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Bard-i-Zard village, Darband-Rayat area, Rawandiz, Rawanduz District, Erbil Governorate, Iraq
Asnawa iron ore deposit, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Yassin, A.T. (1995): Mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry of iron-rich sediments in Benavi area - Northern Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite

Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite

Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Azurite

Formula: Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

Localities:

Ora village, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Gire Zivi (Silver Hill) and Skefta Totaye deposits, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

References:

Yassin, S.Z., Goff, J.C. (Eds.) (2006): Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno, 337 pp.

ⓘ Baddeleyite

Formula: ZrO₂

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Baghdadite (TL)

Formula: Ca₆Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₄

Type Locality:

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

Localities:

Alanish, Sharanish area, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Berzanik deposit, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Gire Zivi (Silver Hill) and Skefta Totaye deposits, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

References:

Awadh, S., Nejbert, K. (2015): Geochemistry and petrography of polymetallic sulfide ores and carbonate host rocks in the Alanish occurrence, north of Iraq. Mineralogia Special Papers: 44: 18

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Böhmite

Formula: AlO(OH)

Locality: Hussainiyat Fe deposit, Wadi Al-Hussainiya, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

References:

Al-Bassam, K.S., Tamar-Agha, M.Y. (1998) Genesis of the Hussainiyat Ironstone Deposit, Western Desert, Iraq. Mineralium Deposita 33:3, 266-282.

ⓘ Calzirtite

Formula: Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Carnotite

Formula: K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O

Locality: Akashat Mine, Akashat, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Celsian

Formula: Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Cerussite

Formula: PbCO₃

Locality: Alanish, Sharanish area, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

Localities:

Ora village, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Bir Achminda - Benosa, Rawandiz, Rawanduz District, Erbil Governorate, Iraq

References:

Yassin, S.Z., Goff, J.C. (Eds.) (2006): Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno, 337 pp.

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

Localities:

Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Asnawa iron ore deposit, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Spidareh village, Pushtahashan valley, Qandil Range, Erbil Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Bassam, K. S. (1978) The mineralogy and chemistry of the Alta'ameem Graham, A. L., Bevan, A. W. R. & Hutchison, B. (1985) Catalogue of Meteorites (4/e). University of Arizona Press: Tucson.

ⓘ Chamosite

Formula: (Fe²⁺)₅Al(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈

Locality: Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Chlorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl

Localities:

Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Bull, R.K. & Mold, P. (1982) Fission Tracks in chondritic meteorites and the search for siderophile heavy elements. IN: Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors: Proceedings of the 11 International Conference Bristol: (Fowler, P., ed.): Pergamon.pp. 855-858.

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Localities:

Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mohammad, Y.O., Maekawa, H., Lawa, F.A. (2007): Mineralogy and origin of Mlakawa albitite from Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq. Geosphere: 3(6): 624-645

ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'

Localities:

Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mohammad, Y. (2009): Mineralogy of sheared serpentinite near Mlakawa mountain, Penjwin district, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining: 5(2): 101-117

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

References:

Al-Bassam, K.S., Tamar-Agha, M.Y. (1998) Genesis of the Hussainiyat Ironstone Deposit, Western Desert, Iraq. Mineralium Deposita 33:3, 266-282.

ⓘ Chromite var. Ferrichromite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Cr³⁺,Fe³⁺)₂O₄

Locality: Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Chrysocolla

Formula: Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1

Locality: Bir Achminda - Benosa, Rawandiz, Rawanduz District, Erbil Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Chrysotile

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Localities:

Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mohammad, Y. (2009): Mineralogy of sheared serpentinite near Mlakawa mountain, Penjwin district, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining: 5(2): 101-117

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

Localities:

Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Bassam, K. S. (1978) The mineralogy and chemistry of the Alta'ameem Graham, A. L., Bevan, A. W. R. & Hutchison, B. (1985) Catalogue of Meteorites (4/e). University of Arizona Press: Tucson.

ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)

Formula: Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) var. Scandium-bearing Columbite-(Fe)

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Copper

Formula: Cu

Localities:

Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

References:

Rubin, A.E. (2004) Shock Annealing and postannealing shock in equilibrated ordinary chondrites: implications for the thermal and shock histories of chondritic astroids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica 68(3): 679-689.

ⓘ Cordierite

Formula: (Mg,Fe)₂Al₃(AlSi₅O₁₈)

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Curienite

Formula: Pb(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 5H₂O

Locality: Akashat Mine, Akashat, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Cuspidine

Formula: Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Cymrite

Formula: BaAl₂Si₂(O,OH)₈ · H₂O

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Diaspore

Formula: AlO(OH)

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Localities:

Shakhi-Rash Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mineralogical Magazine, 40, 441-445.

ⓘ Djerfisherite

Formula: K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

Localities:

Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Kurra Darmani Mtn., Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Berzanik deposit, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Serguza (Duri Serguza) deposit, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mohammad, Y. (2009): Mineralogy of sheared serpentinite near Mlakawa mountain, Penjwin district, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining: 5(2): 101-117

ⓘ Edenite

Formula: NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Locality: Jira village, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Localities:

Shakhi-Rash Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mineralogical Magazine, 40, 441-445.

ⓘ Fluorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

Localities:

Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Akashat Mine, Akashat, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mohammad, Y.O., Maekawa, H., Lawa, F.A. (2007): Mineralogy and origin of Mlakawa albitite from Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq. Geosphere: 3(6): 624-645

ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(F,O)

Locality: Akashat Mine, Akashat, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Strontium-bearing Apatite

Formula: (Ca,Sr)₅(PO₄)₃F

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

Locality: Gire Zivi (Silver Hill) and Skefta Totaye deposits, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg₂SiO₄

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Foshagite

Formula: Ca₄(Si₃O₉)(OH)₂

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

References:

Awadh, S., Nejbert, K. (2015): Geochemistry and petrography of polymetallic sulfide ores and carbonate host rocks in the Alanish occurrence, north of Iraq. Mineralogia Special Papers: 44: 18

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Mishav, Shalair Valley, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Gibbsite

Formula: Al(OH)₃

Locality: Hussainiyat Fe deposit, Wadi Al-Hussainiya, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Glass'

Localities:

Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

Description: In very small amounts within chondrules.

References:

Al-Bassam, K. S. (1978) The mineralogy and chemistry of the Alta'ameem Graham, A. L., Bevan, A. W. R. & Hutchison, B. (1985) Catalogue of Meteorites (4/e). University of Arizona Press: Tucson.

ⓘ 'Glauconite'

Formula: K_0.60-0.85(Fe³⁺,Mg,Al)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](OH)₂

Locality: Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: α-Fe³⁺O(OH)

Localities:

Hussainiyat Fe deposit, Wadi Al-Hussainiya, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq
Alanish, Sharanish area, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Serguza (Duri Serguza) deposit, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Bassam, K.S., Tamar-Agha, M.Y. (1998) Genesis of the Hussainiyat Ironstone Deposit, Western Desert, Iraq. Mineralium Deposita 33:3, 266-282.

ⓘ Greenockite

Formula: CdS

Locality: Alanish, Sharanish area, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Grossular

Formula: Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Hermezi, H. M., McKie, D., Hall, A. J. (1986) Baghdadite, a new calcium zirconium silicate mineral from Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (355) 119-123 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.15

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

Locality: Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Halloysite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Hussainiyat Fe deposit, Wadi Al-Hussainiya, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Hastingsite

Formula: NaCa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂

Locality: Bulfat Complex, Iraq

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

Localities:

Hussainiyat Fe deposit, Wadi Al-Hussainiya, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq
Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Mishav, Shalair Valley, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Bassam, K.S., Tamar-Agha, M.Y. (1998) Genesis of the Hussainiyat Ironstone Deposit, Western Desert, Iraq. Mineralium Deposita 33:3, 266-282.

ⓘ Hydrotalcite

Formula: Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆ · 4H₂O

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

Localities:

Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Hermezi, H. M. (1985) Qandilite, a new spinel end-member, Mg₂TiO₄, from the Qala-Dizeh region, NE Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 49 (354) 739-744 doi:10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.15

Al-Hermezi, H. M., McKie, D., Hall, A. J. (1986) Baghdadite, a new calcium zirconium silicate mineral from Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (355) 119-123 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.15

ⓘ Iraqite-(La) (TL)

Formula: KCa₂(La,Ce,Th)Si₈O₂₀

Type Locality:

ⓘ Iron

Formula: Fe

Localities:

Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

Description: Kamacite and taenite are usually intergrown.

References:

Al-Bassam, K. S. (1978) The mineralogy and chemistry of the Alta'ameem Graham, A. L., Bevan, A. W. R. & Hutchison, B. (1985) Catalogue of Meteorites (4/e). University of Arizona Press: Tucson.

Rubin, A. (1990) Olivine & Kamacite in Ordinary Chondrites: Intergroup and Intragroup relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 1217-1230.

ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)

Locality: Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

Description: Kamacite and taenite are usually intergrown.

ⓘ Kaersutite

Formula: NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Localities:

Hussainiyat Fe deposit, Wadi Al-Hussainiya, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq
Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Bassam, K.S., Tamar-Agha, M.Y. (1998) Genesis of the Hussainiyat Ironstone Deposit, Western Desert, Iraq. Mineralium Deposita 33:3, 266-282.

ⓘ Laurite

Formula: RuS₂

Locality: Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Limonite'

Localities:

Hussainiyat Fe deposit, Wadi Al-Hussainiya, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq
Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Berzanik deposit, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Bir Achminda - Benosa, Rawandiz, Rawanduz District, Erbil Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Bassam, K.S., Tamar-Agha, M.Y. (1998) Genesis of the Hussainiyat Ironstone Deposit, Western Desert, Iraq. Mineralium Deposita 33:3, 266-282.

ⓘ Lizardite

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Localities:

Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mohammad, Y. (2009): Mineralogy of sheared serpentinite near Mlakawa mountain, Penjwin district, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining: 5(2): 101-117

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.

References:

Al-Hermezi, H. M., McKie, D., Hall, A. J. (1986) Baghdadite, a new calcium zirconium silicate mineral from Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (355) 119-123 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.15

ⓘ Magnetite var. Ishkulite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

Localities:

Ora village, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Gire Zivi (Silver Hill) and Skefta Totaye deposits, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Jira village, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Bir Achminda - Benosa, Rawandiz, Rawanduz District, Erbil Governorate, Iraq
Spidareh village, Pushtahashan valley, Qandil Range, Erbil Governorate, Iraq

References:

Yassin, S.Z., Goff, J.C. (Eds.) (2006): Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno, 337 pp.

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

Locality: Alanish, Sharanish area, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Melilite Group'

Formula: Ca₂M(XSiO₇)

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Merrillite

Formula: Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇

Locality: Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Metatyuyamunite

Formula: Ca(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O

Locality: Akashat Mine, Akashat, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

Locality: Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)

Formula: Ce(PO₄)

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Monticellite

Formula: CaMgSiO₄

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Morenosite

Formula: NiSO₄ · 7H₂O

Locality: Bard-i-Zard village, Darband-Rayat area, Rawandiz, Rawanduz District, Erbil Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Mohammad, Y.O., Maekawa, H., Lawa, F.A. (2007): Mineralogy and origin of Mlakawa albitite from Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq. Geosphere: 3(6): 624-645

ⓘ Muscovite var. Oellacherite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)

Locality: Bulfat Complex, Iraq

ⓘ Nickel

Formula: Ni

Locality: Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Nickeline

Formula: NiAs

Locality: Bard-i-Zard village, Darband-Rayat area, Rawandiz, Rawanduz District, Erbil Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Orthoclase

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities:

Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Bulfat Complex, Iraq

References:

Mohammad, Y., Kareem, H., Anma, R. (2016): The Kuradawe Granitic Pegmatite From the Mawat Ophiolite, Northeastern Iraq: Anatomy, Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis. Canadian Mineralogist: 54: 989-1019

(2017)

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

Localities:

Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Bassam, K. S. (1978) The mineralogy and chemistry of the Alta'ameem Graham, A. L., Bevan, A. W. R. & Hutchison, B. (1985) Catalogue of Meteorites (4/e). University of Arizona Press: Tucson.

ⓘ Palygorskite

Formula: ◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O

Locality: Hussainiyat Fe deposit, Wadi Al-Hussainiya, Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Pentlandite

Formula: (Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈

Locality: Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Perovskite

Formula: CaTiO₃

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

Localities:

Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Bulfat Complex, Iraq

Description: Plagioclase (An10)

References:

Al-Bassam, K. S. (1978) The mineralogy and chemistry of the Alta'ameem Graham, A. L., Bevan, A. W. R. & Hutchison, B. (1985) Catalogue of Meteorites (4/e). University of Arizona Press: Tucson.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.

References:

Al-Bassam, K.S., Tamar-Agha, M.Y. (1998) Genesis of the Hussainiyat Ironstone Deposit, Western Desert, Iraq. Mineralium Deposita 33:3, 266-282.

ⓘ Pyrite var. Copper-bearing Pyrite

Formula: (Fe,Cu)S₂

Locality: Jira village, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Pyrolusite

Formula: Mn⁴⁺O₂

Locality: Gola, Qulqula-Khwakurk Zone, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

Localities:

Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Asnawa iron ore deposit, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Hermezi, H. M., McKie, D., Hall, A. J. (1986) Baghdadite, a new calcium zirconium silicate mineral from Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (355) 119-123 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.15

ⓘ Qandilite (TL)

Formula: (Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄

Type Locality:

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

References:

Yassin, A.T. (1995): Mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry of iron-rich sediments in Benavi area - Northern Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad

ⓘ Quartz var. Agate

Locality: Quartz geode occurrences, Ar-Rutbah (Rutbah; Ar-Rutba; Rutba), Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Quartz geode occurrences, Ar-Rutbah (Rutbah; Ar-Rutba; Rutba), Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Quartz var. Milky Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Quartz geode occurrences, Ar-Rutbah (Rutbah; Ar-Rutba; Rutba), Ar-Rutba District, Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Rammelsbergite

Formula: NiAs₂

Locality: Bard-i-Zard village, Darband-Rayat area, Rawandiz, Rawanduz District, Erbil Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Romanèchite

Formula: (Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀

Locality: Gola, Qulqula-Khwakurk Zone, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile

Formula: (Ti,Nb)O₂

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Schorlomite

Formula: Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

Localities:

Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Hermezi, H. M. (1985) Qandilite, a new spinel end-member, Mg₂TiO₄, from the Qala-Dizeh region, NE Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 49 (354) 739-744 doi:10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.15

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn

Locality: Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Siderite

Formula: FeCO₃

Localities:

Benavi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Berzanik deposit, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

References:

Yassin, A.T. (1995): Mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry of iron-rich sediments in Benavi area - Northern Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad

ⓘ Sinjarite (TL)

Formula: CaCl₂ · 2H₂O

Type Locality:

Description: In a dry stream bed, apparently precipitated from groundwater.

ⓘ Smithsonite

Formula: ZnCO₃

Localities:

Alanish, Sharanish area, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Berzanik deposit, Sindi, Zakho District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Serguza (Duri Serguza) deposit, Amedi, Amedi District, Duhok Governorate, Iraq

References:

Awadh, S., Nejbert, K. (2015): Geochemistry and petrography of polymetallic sulfide ores and carbonate host rocks in the Alanish occurrence, north of Iraq. Mineralogia Special Papers: 44: 18

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

Localities:

References:

Awadh, S., Nejbert, K. (2015): Geochemistry and petrography of polymetallic sulfide ores and carbonate host rocks in the Alanish occurrence, north of Iraq. Mineralogia Special Papers: 44: 18

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

Localities:

Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Mla kawa, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Al-Hermezi, H. M. (1985) Qandilite, a new spinel end-member, Mg₂TiO₄, from the Qala-Dizeh region, NE Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 49 (354) 739-744 doi:10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.15

ⓘ Spinel var. Chlorospinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Taenite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)

Locality: Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

Locality: Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Thorianite

Formula: ThO₂

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Thorite

Formula: Th(SiO₄)

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite

Formula: (Th,U)SiO₄

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆ (T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

Localities:

Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq
Penjwen, Penjwen District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

References:

Ismail, S. A., Mirza, T. M., & Carr, P. F. (2010). Platinum-group elements geochemistry in podiform chromitites and associated peridotites of the Mawat ophiolite, northeastern Iraq. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 37(1), 31-41.

ⓘ Troilite

Formula: FeS

Locality: Alta'ameem meteorite, Daquq District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Uraninite

Formula: UO₂

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Valleriite

Formula: (Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Vivianite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O

Locality: Mawat ophiolite complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Wollastonite

Formula: Ca₃(Si₃O₉)

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)

Formula: Y(PO₄)

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Xonotlite

Formula: Ca₆(Si₆O₁₇)(OH)₂

Locality: Dupezeh Mountain, Hero, Qaladiza, Pshdar District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'

Locality: Hamrin Mountains, Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

Locality: Kuradawe granitic pegmatite, Mawat Complex, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
ⓘ	Nickel	1.AA.05	Ni
ⓘ	Iron var. Kamacite	1.AE.05	(Fe,Ni)
ⓘ		1.AE.05	Fe
ⓘ	Taenite	1.AE.10	(Fe,Ni)
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Acanthite	2.BA.35	Ag₂S
ⓘ	Pentlandite	2.BB.15	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Greenockite	2.CB.45	CdS
ⓘ	Nickeline	2.CC.05	NiAs
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Troilite	2.CC.10	FeS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Laurite	2.EB.05a	RuS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	var. Copper-bearing Pyrite	2.EB.05a	(Fe,Cu)S₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Rammelsbergite	2.EB.15a	NiAs₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Djerfisherite	2.FC.05	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
ⓘ	Valleriite	2.FD.30	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
ⓘ	Sinjarite (TL)	3.BB.25	CaCl₂ · 2H₂O
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Spinel var. Chlorospinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Chromite var. Ferrichromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Cr³⁺,Fe³⁺)₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite var. Ishkulite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
ⓘ		4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Qandilite (TL)	4.BB.05	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Perovskite	4.CC.30	CaTiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz var. Agate	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Milky Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ		4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Chalcedony	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile	4.DB.05	(Ti,Nb)O₂
ⓘ	Pyrolusite	4.DB.05	Mn⁴⁺O₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Columbite-(Fe)	4.DB.35	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
ⓘ	var. Scandium-bearing Columbite-(Fe)	4.DB.35	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
ⓘ	Anatase	4.DD.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Baddeleyite	4.DE.35	ZrO₂
ⓘ	Romanèchite	4.DK.10	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
ⓘ	Thorianite	4.DL.05	ThO₂
ⓘ	Uraninite	4.DL.05	UO₂
ⓘ	Calzirtite	4.DL.10	Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆
ⓘ	Diaspore	4.FD.10	AlO(OH)
ⓘ	Gibbsite	4.FE.10	Al(OH)₃
ⓘ	Böhmite	4.FE.15	AlO(OH)
ⓘ	Carnotite	4.HB.05	K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Curienite	4.HB.15	Pb(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 5H₂O
ⓘ	Metatyuyamunite	4.HB.25	Ca(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Smithsonite	5.AB.05	ZnCO₃
ⓘ	Siderite	5.AB.05	FeCO₃
ⓘ	Ankerite	5.AB.10	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Aragonite	5.AB.15	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Cerussite	5.AB.15	PbCO₃
ⓘ	Azurite	5.BA.05	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Hydrotalcite	5.DA.50	Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆ · 4H₂O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Anhydrite	7.AD.30	CaSO₄
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
ⓘ	Morenosite	7.CB.40	NiSO₄ · 7H₂O
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Merrillite	8.AC.45	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
ⓘ	Xenotime-(Y)	8.AD.35	Y(PO₄)
ⓘ	Monazite-(Ce)	8.AD.50	Ce(PO₄)
ⓘ	Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(F,O)
ⓘ		8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
ⓘ	var. Strontium-bearing Apatite	8.BN.05	(Ca,Sr)₅(PO₄)₃F
ⓘ	Chlorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
ⓘ	Annabergite	8.CE.40	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Vivianite	8.CE.40	Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Chrysotile	9..	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Forsterite	9.AC.05	Mg₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Monticellite	9.AC.10	CaMgSiO₄
ⓘ	Schorlomite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
ⓘ	Grossular	9.AD.25	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Thorite var. Uranothorite	9.AD.30	(Th,U)SiO₄
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Thorite	9.AD.30	Th(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Andalusite	9.AF.10	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Åkermanite	9.BB.10	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
ⓘ	Cuspidine	9.BE.17	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
ⓘ	Baghdadite (TL)	9.BE.17	Ca₆Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₄
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Iraqite-(La) (TL)	9.CH.10	KCa₂(La,Ce,Th)Si₈O₂₀
ⓘ	Cordierite	9.CJ.10	(Mg,Fe)₂Al₃(AlSi₅O₁₈)
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	var. Fassaite	9.DA.15	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]
ⓘ	var. Titanium-bearing Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Actinolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Hastingsite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Kaersutite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
ⓘ	Edenite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Wollastonite	9.DG.05	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
ⓘ	Foshagite	9.DG.15	Ca₄(Si₃O₉)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Xonotlite	9.DG.35	Ca₆(Si₆O₁₇)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Oellacherite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ		9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
ⓘ	Chamosite	9.EC.55	(Fe²⁺)₅Al(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Halloysite	9.ED.10	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Lizardite	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Antigorite	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Chrysocolla	9.ED.20	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
ⓘ	Palygorskite	9.EE.20	◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Cymrite	9.EG.05	BaAl₂Si₂(O,OH)₈ · H₂O
ⓘ	Nepheline	9.FA.05	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
ⓘ	Celsian	9.FA.30	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	Orthoclase	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	var. Andesine	9.FA.35	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Anorthite	9.FA.35	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	var. Labradorite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	'Zeolite Group'	9.G0.
ⓘ	Analcime	9.GB.05	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
ⓘ	'Melilite Group'	-	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ	'Glass'	-
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'	-
ⓘ	'Glauconite'	-	K_0.60-0.85(Fe³⁺,Mg,Al)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆ (T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
H	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Annabergite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Böhmite	AlO(OH)
H	ⓘ Carnotite	K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Chamosite	(Fe²⁺)₅Al(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈
H	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
H	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Curienite	Pb(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Cymrite	BaAl₂Si₂(O,OH)₈ · H₂O
H	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
H	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Foshagite	Ca₄(Si₃O₉)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃
H	ⓘ Glauconite	K_0.60-0.85(Fe³⁺,Mg,Al)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Metatyuyamunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Morenosite	NiSO₄ · 7H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Palygorskite	◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Romanèchite	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
H	ⓘ Sinjarite	CaCl₂ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
H	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Xonotlite	Ca₆(Si₆O₁₇)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Oellacherite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆ (T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(F,O)
C	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆ · 4H₂O
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
C	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Åkermanite	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
O	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
O	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Annabergite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Baddeleyite	ZrO₂
O	ⓘ Baghdadite	Ca₆Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Böhmite	AlO(OH)
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Calzirtite	Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(F,O)
O	ⓘ Carnotite	K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Chamosite	(Fe²⁺)₅Al(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈
O	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
O	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Cordierite	(Mg,Fe)₂Al₃(AlSi₅O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Curienite	Pb(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
O	ⓘ Cymrite	BaAl₂Si₂(O,OH)₈ · H₂O
O	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
O	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Foshagite	Ca₄(Si₃O₉)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃
O	ⓘ Glauconite	K_0.60-0.85(Fe³⁺,Mg,Al)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Iraqite-(La)	KCa₂(La,Ce,Th)Si₈O₂₀
O	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
O	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Metatyuyamunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄
O	ⓘ Morenosite	NiSO₄ · 7H₂O
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
O	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Palygorskite	◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Perovskite	CaTiO₃
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Qandilite	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Romanèchite	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
O	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	ⓘ Sinjarite	CaCl₂ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Thorianite	ThO₂
O	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆ (T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Uraninite	UO₂
O	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
O	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
O	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Xonotlite	Ca₆(Si₆O₁₇)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Milky Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
O	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Strontium-bearing Apatite	(Ca,Sr)₅(PO₄)₃F
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Ishkulite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Oellacherite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile	(Ti,Nb)O₂
O	ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]
O	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
O	ⓘ Spinel var. Chlorospinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Chromite var. Ferrichromite	Fe²⁺(Cr³⁺,Fe³⁺)₂O₄
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(F,O)
F	ⓘ Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Strontium-bearing Apatite	(Ca,Sr)₅(PO₄)₃F
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Na	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Na	ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]
Na	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Åkermanite	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
Mg	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Cordierite	(Mg,Fe)₂Al₃(AlSi₅O₁₈)
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Mg	ⓘ Glauconite	K_0.60-0.85(Fe³⁺,Mg,Al)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆ · 4H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄
Mg	ⓘ Palygorskite	◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Qandilite	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Mg	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Mg	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
Mg	ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]
Mg	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Spinel var. Chlorospinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Al	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Böhmite	AlO(OH)
Al	ⓘ Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Chamosite	(Fe²⁺)₅Al(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈
Al	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Cordierite	(Mg,Fe)₂Al₃(AlSi₅O₁₈)
Al	ⓘ Cymrite	BaAl₂Si₂(O,OH)₈ · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
Al	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃
Al	ⓘ Glauconite	K_0.60-0.85(Fe³⁺,Mg,Al)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Al	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Palygorskite	◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Qandilite	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Al	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Oellacherite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]
Al	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Spinel var. Chlorospinel	MgAl₂O₄
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Åkermanite	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Si	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Baghdadite	Ca₆Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₄
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Chamosite	(Fe²⁺)₅Al(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈
Si	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Cordierite	(Mg,Fe)₂Al₃(AlSi₅O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
Si	ⓘ Cymrite	BaAl₂Si₂(O,OH)₈ · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Foshagite	Ca₄(Si₃O₉)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Glauconite	K_0.60-0.85(Fe³⁺,Mg,Al)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Iraqite-(La)	KCa₂(La,Ce,Th)Si₈O₂₀
Si	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Si	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Palygorskite	◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Si	ⓘ Xonotlite	Ca₆(Si₆O₁₇)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Milky Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Oellacherite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]
Si	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(F,O)
P	ⓘ Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
P	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
P	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Strontium-bearing Apatite	(Ca,Sr)₅(PO₄)₃F
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
S	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Greenockite	CdS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Laurite	RuS₂
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Morenosite	NiSO₄ · 7H₂O
S	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
S	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
S	ⓘ Pyrite var. Copper-bearing Pyrite	(Fe,Cu)S₂
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Cl	ⓘ Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Cl	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Cl	ⓘ Sinjarite	CaCl₂ · 2H₂O
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Carnotite	K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
K	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
K	ⓘ Glauconite	K_0.60-0.85(Fe³⁺,Mg,Al)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Iraqite-(La)	KCa₂(La,Ce,Th)Si₈O₂₀
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
K	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Oellacherite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Åkermanite	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
Ca	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
Ca	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ca	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Baghdadite	Ca₆Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₄
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Calzirtite	Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(F,O)
Ca	ⓘ Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Ca	ⓘ Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Foshagite	Ca₄(Si₃O₉)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Iraqite-(La)	KCa₂(La,Ce,Th)Si₈O₂₀
Ca	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Metatyuyamunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄
Ca	ⓘ Perovskite	CaTiO₃
Ca	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Ca	ⓘ Sinjarite	CaCl₂ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Ca	ⓘ Xonotlite	Ca₆(Si₆O₁₇)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Strontium-bearing Apatite	(Ca,Sr)₅(PO₄)₃F
Ca	ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]
Ca	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ca	ⓘ Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Ti	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Calzirtite	Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Ti	ⓘ Perovskite	CaTiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Qandilite	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Ti	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Ti	ⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile	(Ti,Nb)O₂
Ti	ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]
Ti	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
V	Vanadium
V	ⓘ Carnotite	K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
V	ⓘ Curienite	Pb(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 5H₂O
V	ⓘ Metatyuyamunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Cr	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Cr	ⓘ Magnetite var. Ishkulite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
Cr	ⓘ Chromite var. Ferrichromite	Fe²⁺(Cr³⁺,Fe³⁺)₂O₄
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Mn	ⓘ Romanèchite	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
Mn	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chamosite	(Fe²⁺)₅Al(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Cordierite	(Mg,Fe)₂Al₃(AlSi₅O₁₈)
Fe	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Glauconite	K_0.60-0.85(Fe³⁺,Mg,Al)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Iron	Fe
Fe	ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Qandilite	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄
Fe	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Fe	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
Fe	ⓘ Taenite	(Fe,Ni)
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
Fe	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Fe	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Ishkulite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)[(Si,Al)₂O₆]
Fe	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Chromite var. Ferrichromite	Fe²⁺(Cr³⁺,Fe³⁺)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite var. Copper-bearing Pyrite	(Fe,Cu)S₂
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Annabergite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Ni	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Ni	ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Ni	ⓘ Morenosite	NiSO₄ · 7H₂O
Ni	ⓘ Nickel	Ni
Ni	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
Ni	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Ni	ⓘ Rammelsbergite	NiAs₂
Ni	ⓘ Taenite	(Fe,Ni)
Ni	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Cu	ⓘ Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Cu	ⓘ Pyrite var. Copper-bearing Pyrite	(Fe,Cu)S₂
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Zn	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄ D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Annabergite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
As	ⓘ Rammelsbergite	NiAs₂
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Strontium-bearing Apatite	(Ca,Sr)₅(PO₄)₃F
Y	Yttrium
Y	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Baddeleyite	ZrO₂
Zr	ⓘ Baghdadite	Ca₆Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₄
Zr	ⓘ Calzirtite	Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Nb	Niobium
Nb	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile	(Ti,Nb)O₂
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Ru	Ruthenium
Ru	ⓘ Laurite	RuS₂
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
Cd	Cadmium
Cd	ⓘ Greenockite	CdS
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
Ba	ⓘ Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ba	ⓘ Cymrite	BaAl₂Si₂(O,OH)₈ · H₂O
Ba	ⓘ Romanèchite	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
La	Lanthanum
La	ⓘ Iraqite-(La)	KCa₂(La,Ce,Th)Si₈O₂₀
Ce	Cerium
Ce	ⓘ Iraqite-(La)	KCa₂(La,Ce,Th)Si₈O₂₀
Ce	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
Pb	ⓘ Curienite	Pb(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 5H₂O
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Th	Thorium
Th	ⓘ Iraqite-(La)	KCa₂(La,Ce,Th)Si₈O₂₀
Th	ⓘ Thorianite	ThO₂
Th	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Th	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
U	Uranium
U	ⓘ Carnotite	K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
U	ⓘ Curienite	Pb(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 5H₂O
U	ⓘ Metatyuyamunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂ · 3H₂O
U	ⓘ Uraninite	UO₂
U	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄

Fossils

There are 23 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

283

Youngest Fossil Listed

0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)

Oldest Fossil Listed

272 Ma (Permian)

Stratigraphic Units

Click here to view 10 stratigraphic units.

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Glomospira genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Spirillinida : Ammodiscidae : *Glomospira*	228 - 201.3 Ma Mesozoic
Glomospirella genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Spirillinida : Ammodiscidae : *Glomospirella*	228 - 201.3 Ma Mesozoic
Involutina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Involutinida : Involutinidae : *Involutina*	228 - 201.3 Ma Mesozoic
Nodosaria genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Nodosariidae : *Nodosaria*	228 - 201.3 Ma Mesozoic
Polythecalis genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Petalaxidae : *Polythecalis*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Campanile genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Campanilidae : *Campanile*	59.2 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Pseudoaluco genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : *Pseudoaluco*	59.2 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Waagenoceras genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Cyclolobidae : *Waagenoceras*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Glycymeris genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : *Glycymeris*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pecten genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : *Pecten*	15.97 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Myophoria genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Myophoriidae : *Myophoria*	228 - 201.3 Ma Mesozoic
Parastarte genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Parastarte*	15.97 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Requienia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Requieniidae : *Requienia*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lingula genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Lingulidae : *Lingula*	228 - 201.3 Ma Mesozoic
Rectithyris genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Sellithyrididae : *Rectithyris*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gitolampas genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cassiduloida : Neolampadidae : *Gitolampas*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapygus genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Gitolampadids : *Parapygus*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pelomedusidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusidae	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Trionychidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Geochelone genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : *Geochelone*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Boidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Boidae	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Gavialis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Gavialidae : *Gavialis*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Struthio genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Struthionidae : *Struthio*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Machairodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Machairodus*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Mustelidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Giraffidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Palaeotragus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : *Palaeotragus*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Gazella genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Gazella*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Miotragocerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Miotragocerus*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Prostrepsiceros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Prostrepsiceros*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Brachypotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Brachypotherium*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Deinotheriidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Salpingoporella genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Dasycladales : Dasycladaceae : *Salpingoporella*	105.3 - 93.5 Ma Cretaceous
Lithophyllum genus	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales : Corallinaceae : *Lithophyllum*	105.3 - 93.5 Ma Cretaceous
Lithothamnion genus	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales : Hapalidiaceae : *Lithothamnion*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Quercus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : *Quercus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Parachaetetes genus	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Gigartinales : *Parachaetetes*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Acicularia genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Dasycladales : Dasycladaceae : *Acicularia*	105.3 - 93.5 Ma Cretaceous
Diplopora genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Dasycladales : Dasycladaceae : *Diplopora*	259.9 - 252.17 Ma Permian
Chenopodiaceae family	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Caryophyllales : Chenopodiaceae	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Taeniopteris genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Crossozamiaceae : *Taeniopteris*	265.1 - 254.17 Ma Permian
Macroporella genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Dasycladales : Dasycladaceae : *Macroporella*	259.9 - 252.17 Ma Permian
Isastrea genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : *Isastrea*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Griphoporella genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Dasycladales : Triploporellaceae : *Griphoporella*	105.3 - 99.6 Ma Cretaceous
Peyssonnelia genus	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Cryptonemiales : Squamariaceae : *Peyssonnelia*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Neomeris genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Dasycladales : Dasycladaceae : *Neomeris*	105.3 - 93.5 Ma Cretaceous
Trocholina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Involutinida : Trocholinidae : *Trocholina*	228 - 201.3 Ma Mesozoic
Faunus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pachychilidae : *Faunus*	59.2 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Gymnocodium genus	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Rhodophyceae : Gymnocodiaceae : *Gymnocodium*	259.9 - 252.17 Ma Permian
Permocalculus genus	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Rhodophyceae : Gymnocodiaceae : *Permocalculus*	105.3 - 93.5 Ma Cretaceous
Marinella genus	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Rhodogorgonales : Elianellaceae : *Marinella*	105.3 - 99.6 Ma Cretaceous
Lithocodium genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Bryopsidales : Codiaceae : *Lithocodium*	105.3 - 99.6 Ma Cretaceous
Mytilus edulis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : *Mytilus edulis*	15.97 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Choerolophodon pentelici species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : Choerolophodon : *Choerolophodon pentelici*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Ostrea (Bellostrea) bellovacina species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostrea : *Ostrea (Bellostrea) bellovacina*	15.97 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Boueina genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Chlorophyceae : *Boueina*	105.3 - 93.5 Ma Cretaceous
Hipparion mediterraneum species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hipparion : *Hipparion mediterraneum*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Hippotherium primigenium species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hippotherium : *Hippotherium primigenium*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Hadrodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Rhomboganoidei : *Hadrodus*	47.8 - 41.3 Ma Eocene
Neopopanoceras scrobiculatum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Goniatitida : Popanoceratidae : Neopopanoceras : *Neopopanoceras scrobiculatum*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Aricoceras ensifer species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Goniatitida : Adrianitidae : Aricoceras : *Aricoceras ensifer*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Propinacoceras beyrichi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Medlicottiidae : Propinacoceras : *Propinacoceras beyrichi*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Agathiceras suessi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Agathiceratidae : Agathiceras : *Agathiceras suessi*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Sosiocrimites insignis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Goniatitida : Adrianitidae : Sosiocrimites : *Sosiocrimites insignis*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Sizilites affinis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Goniatitida : Adrianitidae : Sizilites : *Sizilites affinis*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Sizilites craticulatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Goniatitida : Adrianitidae : Sizilites : *Sizilites craticulatus*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Sizilites kurdistanensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Adrianitidae : Sizilites : *Sizilites kurdistanensis*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Palermites distefanoi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Goniatitida : Adrianitidae : Palermites : *Palermites distefanoi*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Altudoceras waageni species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Goniatitida : Paragastrioceratidae : Altudoceras : *Altudoceras waageni*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Kurdiceras latum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Cyclolobidae : Kurdiceras : *Kurdiceras latum*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Stacheoceras karpinskyi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Vidrioceratidae : Stacheoceras : *Stacheoceras karpinskyi*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Stacheoceras tietzei species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Vidrioceratidae : Stacheoceras : *Stacheoceras tietzei*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Daraelites meeki species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Daraelitidae : Daraelites : *Daraelites meeki*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Sicanites schopeni species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Prolecanitida : Medlicottiidae : Sicanites : *Sicanites schopeni*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Neogeoceras trautscholdi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Prolecanitida : Medlicottiidae : Neogeoceras : *Neogeoceras trautscholdi*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Pachymelania genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Hemisinidae : *Pachymelania*	59.2 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Protomichelinia favositoides species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Favositida : Micheliniidae : Protomichelinia : *Protomichelinia favositoides*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Sigillaria genus	Plantae : Sigillariaceae : *Sigillaria*	265.1 - 254.17 Ma Permian
Pecopteris genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Marattiales : Asterothecaceae : *Pecopteris*	265.1 - 254.17 Ma Permian
Ipciphyllum timoricum species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Stauriida : Waagenophyllidae : Ipciphyllum : *Ipciphyllum timoricum*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Waagenophyllum (Waagenophyllum) kueichowense species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Stauriida : Waagenophyllidae : Waagenophyllum : *Waagenophyllum (Waagenophyllum) kueichowense*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Ipciphyllum subtimoricum species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Stauriida : Waagenophyllidae : Ipciphyllum : *Ipciphyllum subtimoricum*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Ipciphyllum subelegans species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Waagenophyllidae : Ipciphyllum : *Ipciphyllum subelegans*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Samotherium boissieri species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Samotherium : *Samotherium boissieri*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Bohlinia attica species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Bohlinia : *Bohlinia attica*	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene
Wentzellophyllum gelikhanense species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Waagenophyllidae : Wentzellophyllum : *Wentzellophyllum gelikhanense*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Parawentzelella socialis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Stauriida : Waagenophyllidae : Parawentzelella : *Parawentzelella socialis*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Wentzellophyllum persicum species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Stauriida : Waagenophyllidae : Wentzellophyllum : *Wentzellophyllum persicum*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Protomichelinia siyangensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Favositida : Micheliniidae : Protomichelinia : *Protomichelinia siyangensis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Paraipciphyllum hudsoni species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Waagenophyllidae : Paraipciphyllum : *Paraipciphyllum hudsoni*	268.8 - 265.1 Ma Permian
Mizzia velebitana species	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Dasycladales : Dasycladaceae : Mizzia : *Mizzia velebitana*	259.9 - 252.17 Ma Permian
Glycymeris (Glycymeris) obovata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris : *Glycymeris (Glycymeris) obovata*	15.97 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Bakevellia (Bakevelloides) praecursor species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Bakevelliidae : Bakevellia : *Bakevellia (Bakevelloides) praecursor*	228 - 201.3 Ma Mesozoic
Plantago genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Lamiales : Plantaginaceae : *Plantago*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Jania mengaudi species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales : Corallinaceae : Jania : *Jania mengaudi*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Archaeolithothamnium batalleri species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales : Sporolithaceae : Archaeolithothamnion : *Archaeolithothamnium batalleri*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Archaeolithothamnium parisiense species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Rhodophyceae : Corallinales : Archaeolithothamnium : *Archaeolithothamnium parisiense*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Archaeolithothamnium nummuliticum species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Rhodophyceae : Corallinales : Archaeolithothamnium : *Archaeolithothamnium nummuliticum*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Parachaetetes asvapatii species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Gigartinales : Parachaetetes : *Parachaetetes asvapatii*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Archaeolithothamnium aschersoni species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Rhodophyceae : Corallinales : Archaeolithothamnium : *Archaeolithothamnium aschersoni*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Archaeolithothamnium perplexum species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales : Sporolithaceae : Archaeolithothamnion : *Archaeolithothamnium perplexum*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Archaeolithothamnium oulianovi species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales : Sporolithaceae : Archaeolithothamnion : *Archaeolithothamnium oulianovi*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Amphiroa elliotti species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales : Corallinaceae : Amphiroa : *Amphiroa elliotti*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Amphiroa iraquensis species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales : Corallinaceae : Amphiroa : *Amphiroa iraquensis*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Pycnoporidium levantinum species	Plantae : Pycnoporidium : *Pycnoporidium levantinum*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Arabicodium genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Ulvophyceae : Bryopsidales : Codiaceae : *Arabicodium*	105.3 - 93.5 Ma Cretaceous
Malawania anachronus species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Malawania : *Malawania anachronus*	136.4 - 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Pyrazopsis genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Batillariidae : *Pyrazopsis*	59.2 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Pistacia genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Anacardiaceae : *Pistacia*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hyotissa semipiana species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Hyotissa : *Hyotissa semipiana*	15.97 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Nuculana minima species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : Nuculana : *Nuculana minima*	15.97 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Ovibovini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ovibovini	11.608 - 8.7 Ma Miocene

Fossil Localities

Click to show 23 fossil localities

Paleocene🐚 Ghilizarda
Paleocene🐚 Suleimania

Iraq

Basra Governorate
- Cretaceous🐚 Ratawi-Basrah
Diyala Governorate
- Miocene🐚 Lower Bakhtiari Formation
Duhok Governorate
- Late/Upper Cretaceous🐚 Aqra Limestone
- Amedi District
  - Early/Lower Cretaceous🐚 Chia Gara
  - Permian🐚 Chia-i-Zinnar
  - Permian🐚 Geli Khana
  - Permian🐚 Pirispiki Section
  - Permian🐚 Zozan-I-Harrur Section
- Zakho District
  - Paleocene🐚 Shiranish village

Iraq

Erbil Governorate
- Permian🐚 Beyarah
- Paleocene🐚 Galala
- Paleocene🐚 Galwara
- Miocene🐚 Merawa village at Shaqlawa
- Paleocene🐚 Rayat
- Soran District
  - Paleocene🐚 Rowanduz
Halabja Governorate
- Paleocene🐚 Sirwan-Balambo
Nineveh Governorate
- Permian🐚 Ora and Harur
Sulaymaniyah Governorate
- Penjwen District
  - Pleistocene🐚 Zagros Lake Cores - Lake Zeribar
Western Desert
- Mesozoic🐚 Ar Rutbah
- Eocene🐚 H-GSP 229
- Permian🐚 Wadi Daiklah

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq
Wikidata ID:	Q796
GeoNames ID:	99237

Localities in this Region

Iraq

⭔Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate
⭔Al Anbar Governorate
⭔Babil Governorate
⭔Baghdad Governorate
⭔Basra Governorate
⭔Dhi Qar Governorate
⭔Diyala Governorate
⭔Duhok Governorate
⭔Erbil Governorate
⭔Halabja Governorate
⭔Karbala Governorate
⭔Kirkuk Governorate
- ⭔Daquq District
  - Alta'ameem meteorite
- ⭔Dibis District

Iraq

Kirkuk Governorate
- ⭔Hawija District
  - Hamrin Mountains
- ⭔Kirkuk District
⭔Maysan Governorate
⭔Muthanna Governorate
⭔Najaf Governorate
Najar
- Abu Sukhayr Mine (Abou-Sukhair Mine; Skhair Mine)
⭔Nineveh Governorate
- ⭔Al-Ba'aj District
- ⭔Al-Hadar District
- ⭔Al-Hamdaniya District
- ⭔Mosul District
  - Mosul
- ⭔Sinjar District
  - Sinjar Wadi
- ⭔Tel Afar District
- ⭔Tel Kaif District
⭔Saladin Governorate
⭔Sulaymaniyah Governorate
⭔Wasit Governorate

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Arabian PlateTectonic Plate

Euphrates-Sinjar basinBasin
Southeast Turkey Foldbelt basinBasin
Tabuk basinBasin
Zagros Foldbelt basinBasin

Asia

Zagros MountainsMountain Range

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Iraq

Barwari (Barwari Bala)Mountain Area
Bulfat ComplexComplex
Western DesertDesert

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Yassin, S.Z., Goff, J.C. (Eds.) (2006): Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno, 337 pp.

en.wikipedia.org (n.d.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputed_territories_of_Northern_Iraq

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List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

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References

Iraqi
Regional Level Types
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