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Pahtohavare Cu-Au deposit, Kiruna Town Mining District, Kiruna, Norrbotten County, Swedeni
Regional Level Types
Pahtohavare Cu-Au depositDeposit
Kiruna Town Mining DistrictMining District
KirunaMunicipality
Norrbotten CountyCounty
SwedenCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
67° 47' 7'' North , 20° 4' 41'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
67.78548,20.07833
GeoHash:
G#: ukn38gux5
GRN:
N46E06
Type:
Deposit
Köppen climate type:
Dfc : Subarctic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Kiruna17,037 (2017)9.9km
Tuolluvaara979 (2017)12.9km
Mindat Locality ID:
10617
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:10617:6
GUID (UUID V4):
00feedff-d824-4ce8-a6b5-85128e5b10c1


A proterozoic Au-Cu deposit of epigenetic type, in a volcaniclastic unit in the Viscaria Formation of the Kiruna greenstone belt.
The greenstone consists of mafic volcanic rocks with pillow lavas, mafic sills and albitized rocks, including tuffites, black schists and mafic sills, together with carbonates and mineralized zones. (Lindblom et al 1996).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


37 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Chamosite
Formula: (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘ Chrysotile
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘ Clinochlore var. Corundophilite
Formula: (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘ Copper
Formula: Cu
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
ⓘ 'Delessite'
Formula: (Mg,Fe,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(O,OH)8
ⓘ Devilline
Formula: CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite
Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Ferro-tschermakite ?
Formula: ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Description: The reference given says: "The amphibole has been named as a ferro-tschermakite and occurs as an early mineral in the paragenesis sequence of the vein. The majority of amphiboles occur to have actinolite compositions". No further info is given on ferro-tschermakite in this thesis.
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Gold
Formula: Au
ⓘ Graphite
Formula: C
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
Description: Found as fluid inclusions
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Marialite
Formula: Na4Al3Si9O24Cl
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ 'Scapolite'
Description: marialitic
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
Description: Found as fluid inclusions
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ Tenorite
Formula: CuO
ⓘ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2

Gallery:

Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1ⓘ Chrysocolla
Cu2(CO3)(OH)2ⓘ Malachite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘGold1.AA.05Au
ⓘCopper1.AA.05Cu
ⓘGraphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘCuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
ⓘTenorite4.AB.10CuO
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘDolomite
var. Iron-bearing Dolomite		5.AB.10Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘDevilline7.DD.30CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘChrysotile9..Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘFerro-tschermakite ?9.DE.10◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
ⓘTremolite9.DE.10◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘClinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘChamosite9.EC.55(Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
ⓘClinochlore
var. Corundophilite		9.EC.55(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
ⓘvar. Pennine9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘChrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘMarialite9.FB.15Na4Al3Si9O24Cl
Unclassified
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Delessite'-(Mg,Fe,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(O,OH)8
ⓘ'Scapolite'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Hⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Hⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hⓘ Clinochlore var. Corundophilite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Hⓘ Delessite(Mg,Fe,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(O,OH)8
Hⓘ DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Ferro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe32+Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ GraphiteC
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Oⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Oⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oⓘ Clinochlore var. Corundophilite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Oⓘ CupriteCu2O
Oⓘ Delessite(Mg,Fe,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(O,OH)8
Oⓘ DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ Ferro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe32+Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ MarialiteNa4Al3Si9O24Cl
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ TenoriteCuO
Oⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ MarialiteNa4Al3Si9O24Cl
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Mgⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgⓘ Clinochlore var. Corundophilite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Mgⓘ Delessite(Mg,Fe,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(O,OH)8
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Alⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Alⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alⓘ Clinochlore var. Corundophilite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Alⓘ Delessite(Mg,Fe,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(O,OH)8
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ Ferro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe32+Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Alⓘ MarialiteNa4Al3Si9O24Cl
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Siⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Siⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siⓘ Clinochlore var. Corundophilite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Siⓘ Delessite(Mg,Fe,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(O,OH)8
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ Ferro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe32+Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ MarialiteNa4Al3Si9O24Cl
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
SSulfur
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ MarialiteNa4Al3Si9O24Cl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ Ferro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe32+Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
FeIron
Feⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Feⓘ Clinochlore var. Corundophilite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Feⓘ Delessite(Mg,Fe,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(O,OH)8
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ Ferro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe32+Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ CupriteCu2O
Cuⓘ CopperCu
Cuⓘ DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuⓘ TenoriteCuO
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AuGold
Auⓘ GoldAu

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Baltic Shield (Fennoscandian Shield)Shield
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
ScandinaviaRegion
Sweden

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References

Carlsson, L., Hålenius, U., Johansson, L. (1988): Pahtohavare, a new copper gold deposit in the Kiruna Greenstone Belt, northern Sweden (Abstract). Geological Society of Australian abstracts series 23, p. 175.
Carlson, L. (1991): The Pahtohavare copper-gold prospect. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, Stockholm 113: 45-46.
Lindblom, S., Broman, C. and Martinsson, O. (1996): Magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in the Pahtohavare Cu-Au deposit in greenstone at Kiruna, Sweden. Mineralium Deposita Volume 31: 307-318
Martinsson, O. (1997): The Pahtohavare Cu-Au deposit and related geological excursion stops in the Kiruna area. in Korkiakoski, E. & Sorjonen-Ward, P. (eds.) (1997): Ore Deposits of Lapland in northern Finland and Sweden. Research and exploration — where do they meet? 4th Biennial SGA Meeting, August 11–13, 1997, Turku, Finland, excursion guidebook B1. Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Opas — Geological Survey of Finland, Guide 43 [ http://www.gsf.fi/info/OG43FULL.HTML#PA ]
Valentin Alain (2014) Mineral Chemistry and Texture Paragenesis of Alteration Minerals in the Pahtohavare Cu-Au Deposit, Sweden. Masters Thesis Luleå University of Technology.
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